scholarly journals The State of Knowledge about Nutrition Sources of Vitamin D, Its Role in the Human Body, and Necessity of Supplementation among Parents in Central Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Zadka ◽  
Ewelina Pałkowska-Goździk ◽  
Danuta Rosołowska-Huszcz
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Education Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

The percentage of children with vitamin D deficiency in Poland is alarming. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge about sources of food and the function of vitamin D, as well as the frequency of its supplementation. A survey was conducted among the parents of children from Central Poland attending primary schools, and a questionnaire containing mainly open-ended questions was used to collect the data. Most mothers knew at least one of the functions of vitamin D in the body but had a low level of knowledge about its dietary sources. Only a small group of respondents supplemented themselves and their children with vitamin D. Statistically significant influences on the level of knowledge about the functions and sources of vitamin D were place of residence (i.e., better knowledge in the countryside) and mothers’ level of education (i.e., the better educated, the greater knowledge). In the case of monthly income level, such impact was observed only in relation to the knowledge of vitamin D functions. Concerning the frequency of supplementation, only maternal level of education had a statistically significant effect (i.e., the higher the education level, the higher the frequency of supplementation). In addition, mothers who were aware of functions of vitamin D and nutritional sources, significantly more frequently supplemented vitamin D.

scholarly journals Implications of Vitamin D Research in Chickens can Advance Human Nutrition and Perspectives for the Future

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew F Warren ◽  
Kimberly A Livingston
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolites ◽  
Vitamin D Metabolism ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract The risk of vitamin D insufficiency in humans is a global problem that requires improving ways to increase vitamin D intake. Supplements are a primary means for increasing vitamin D intake, but without a clear consensus on what constitutes vitamin D sufficiency, there is toxicity risk with taking supplements. Chickens have been used in many vitamin D-related research studies, especially studies involving vitamin D supplementation. Our state-of-the-art review evaluates vitamin D metabolism and how the different hydroxylated forms are synthesized. We provide an overview with how vitamin D is absorbed, transported, excreted, and what tissues in the body store vitamin D metabolites. We also discuss a number of studies involving vitamin D supplementation with broilers and laying hens. Vitamin D deficiency and toxicity are also described and how they can be caused. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is important for vitamin D metabolism. However, there is much more that can be understood with VDR in chickens. Potential research aims involving vitamin D and chickens should explore VDR mechanisms which could lead to newer insights with VDR. Utilizing chickens in future research to help with elucidating vitamin D mechanisms has great potential to advance human nutrition. Finding ways to increase vitamin D intake will be necessary because the coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic is leading to increased risk of vitamin D deficiency in many populations. Chickens can provide a dual purpose with addressing pandemic-caused vitamin D deficiency: 1) vitamin D supplementation gives chickens added value with possibly leading to vitamin D-enriched meat and egg products; and 2) chickens’ use in research provides data for translational research. Expanding vitamin D-related research in chickens to include more nutritional aims in vitamin D status has great implications with developing better strategies to improve human health.

PROVISION OF VITAMIN D FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS IN THE CITY OF ULAN-UDE

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-300
Author(s):  
N.B. Gomboeva ◽  
◽  
E.I. Grigoryeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Severe Deficiency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
25 Oh Vitamin D ◽  
The City

The proven relationship between the frequency of influenza and acute respiratory infections in children with vitamin D deficiency and the data on the relationship between a high mortality rate from SARS-CoV-2 in patients with low levels of vitamin D in the body under conditions of a forced sharp decrease in the level of insolation in the period from March 11, 2020 dictated the relevance assessing the vitamin D supply of children and adolescents in educational organizations of the city of Ulan-Ude. Purpose of the study: to assess the vitamin D supply of children and adolescents living in the city of Ulan-Ude. Methods: in a non-randomized, single-center, transverse (one-stage) uncontrolled comparative study, the concentration of 25(OH) vitamin D – 25(OH)D – in the blood serum of children and adolescents in Ulan-Ude was studied from May 22 to May 24, 2020. Moderate vitamin D deficiency (deficiency) was determined when the content of 25(OH)D was in the range of 20–30 ng/ml, the deficiency was within the limits, and the severe deficiency was <10 ng/ml. Results: assessment of vitamin D provision was carried out in 60 children aged 10 to 17 years (15 [11; 16] years), of which 19 boys, 41 girls. Children were divided into 2 groups depending on age: 10–11 years old (grade 5) (n=27) and 15–17 years old (grades 9–11) (n=33). Deficiency of vitamin D was found in 4 (15%), 11 (33%); deficit – in 19 (70%), 18 (55%); severe deficiency – in 2 (7%), 4 (12%), respectively. Along with low indicators of the provision of children and adolescents in the city of Ulan-Ude, an even lower provision of children and adolescents of Buryats was noted. The concentration of vitamin D in Buryat children and adolescents below normal (less than 30 ng/ml) was found in 35 (100%) children and adolescents, deficiency – in 8 (23%) children, vitamin D deficiency – in 21 (60%) children and severe deficiency – in 6 (17%). A statistically significant difference in the content of 25(OH)D between children and adolescents of Russian nationality and Buryats was revealed (p=0,0056). Evaluation of the diet showed that the frequency of consumption of fish as a source of vitamin D by children and adolescents is low. Conclusion: there is a high incidence of vitamin D deficiency and deficiency, which amounted to 97% in the examined children and adolescents living in the city of Ulan-Ude, more pronounced in Buryat children and adolescents, which requires organizational measures to replenish the vitamin D deficiency.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency Is Common in Ghana despite Abundance of Sunlight: A Multicentre Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Samuel Asamoah Sakyi ◽  
Maxwell Hubert Antwi ◽  
Linda Ahenkorah Fondjo ◽  
Edwin Ferguson Laing ◽  
Richard K. Dadzie Ephraim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

Background. Vitamin D is a steroid hormone important for the normal functioning of the body. It is produced through skin exposure to sunlight and from the diet. Although Ghana is located in the tropics where sunlight is abundant, factors like culture, diet, skin pigmentation, variation in the ozone layer, and geographical area influence the optimization of vitamin D concentration. It is imperative to evaluate the interplay between sunshine exposure, proinflammatory cytokines, and mediators of vitamin D metabolism and their relationship to vitamin D status in three geographical sections among apparent healthy Ghanaians. Methods and Results. In a cross-sectional study, a total of five hundred (500) healthy blood donors from three geographical areas in Ghana were enrolled. Their age ranged from 17 to 55 years with a mean age of 27.97 ± 8.87 years. The overall prevalence rate of vitamin D deficiency was 43.6% (218/500), with 41.2% (91/221), 45.3% (63/139), and 45.7% (64/140) of vitamin D deficiency being recorded in participants from the Northern Sector (NS), Middle Belt (MB), and Southern Sector (SS), respectively. However, there were no significant differences in the proportions of vitamin D deficiency across various geographical sectors. The median 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels were compared among geographical areas (NS, MB, and SS) and there were no significant differences ( P = 0.275 ) after adjusting for confounding factors. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D correlated positively with corrected ionized calcium (rs = 0.622, P ≤ 0.001 ) and phosphorus (rs = 0.299, P ≤ 0.001 ) and negatively correlated with SBP (rs = −0.092, P = 0.039 ), vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) (rs = −0.421, P ≤ 0.001 ), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) (rs = −0.0568, rs ≤ 0.001), IFN-gamma (rs = −0.684, P ≤ 0.001 ), and TNF-alpha (rs = −0.600, P ≤ 0.001 ). After adjusting for possible confounders, not having knowledge about vitamin D foods, taking fewer vitamin D foods, and higher levels of IF-γ and IL-10 were associated with a higher risk of having vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion. The prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency is high among the general adult population in Ghana despite the abundance of sunlight. Increasing knowledge on vitamin D diet coupled with a daily intake of vitamin D dietary supplements is likely to reduce the risk of developing 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency.

scholarly journals Relation of serum 25(OH) D with variables of thyroid and lipid profile in perimenopausal women

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1087
Author(s):  
Poonam Rani ◽  
Seema Gupta ◽  
Gaurav Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Perimenopausal Women

Background: Deficiency of vitamin D is quite prevalent among elderly population or postmenopausal women worldwide and may affect various function of the body. The status of its deficiency with their relation with other variables are not well explored in perimenopausal women.Methods: 100 perimenopausal women from the department of obstetrics and gynaecology were selected without having known risk of thyroid disorder and cardiovascular disease. The age group criteria for these women were 40 to 50 years. Thyroid profile including TSH, T3, and T4 were estimated by using enzyme linked immunesorbent assay. Serum levels of 25(OH) D3 was estimated by using spectrophotometric method. Lipid profile including TC, TG and HDL-C were estimated CHOD-POD method, GPO-PAP method, and CHOD-POD/Phosphotungustate method. LDL-C was calculated by friedewald formula.Results: There 58 women were presented with insufficient amount of vitamin D. They were characterised with increased BMI, elevated thyrotropin alongwith lower concentrations of T3 and T4. Increased levels of TC, TG and LDL-cholesterol alongwith lower concentration of HDL-C were also observed in women with vitamin d deficiency. Women having vitamin D deficiency were presented with overweight (OR-18.0, p-value=<0.001) and dyslipidemia (OR-12.13, p-value≤0.001). Vitamin D was negatively correlated with variable i.e. BMI, TSH, TC, TG and LDL-C. This negative association was significant (<0.001) while HDL-C and T4 were positively correlated with vitamin D levels in this study population.Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency frequently occurs in middle aged perimenopausal women. Negative correlation of it with BMI, TSH and lipid variables may suggest the development of cardiovascular disease and hypothyroidism in coming years. Vitamin D supplements or vitamin D containing diet and regular exposure to sun is highly recommended to perimenopausal women.

Vitamin D status in Mexican children 1 to 11 years of age: an update from the Ensanut 2018-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (3 May-Jun) ◽  
pp. 382-393
Author(s):  
Mario E Flores ◽  
Marta Rivera-Pasquel ◽  
Andrys Valdez-Sánchez ◽  
Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora ◽  
Alejandra Contreras-Manzano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
The Body ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Mexican Children

Objective. To evaluate vitamin D status and deficiency in Mexican children and related factors, with updated data from a representative national survey. Materials and methods. Data and serum samples of child participants were collected in the Ensanut 2018-19. The measurement 25-(OH)-D was obtained through chemiluminescence. Height and weight, as well as dietary information, were measured using a semi-quan­titative food frequency questionnaire and sociodemographic information. Results. Data of 4 691 children aged 1-11 years were analyzed. Vitamin D deficiency (25-OH-D<50 nmol/L) was found in 27.3% of pre-school-age children and 17.2% of school-age children, and was positively associated with the body mass index (BMI). Main dietary sources were milk, eggs and dairy products, which in combination provided >70% of vitamin D intake. Conclusions. Vitamin D deficiency is important in Mexican children. Actions and programs to fight this deficiency are required.

scholarly journals Future perspectives in addressing the global issue of vitamin D deficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Mendes ◽  
K. Charlton ◽  
S. Thakur ◽  
H. Ribeiro ◽  
S. A. Lanham-New
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Wide Range

Vitamin D is a fundamentally critical nutrient that the human body requires to function properly. It plays an important role in musculoskeletal health due to its involvement in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus. Having a low level of vitamin D in the body may be detrimental for a wide range of health outcomes, including risk of osteoporotic and stress fractures, risk of CVD and some cancers, and lowering of the capability of the immune system. Vitamin D is an unusual nutrient; it is not a vitamin, in the true sense of the word but a pro-hormone. The main source of vitamin D is UV exposure, not dietary intake. Interestingly, there are two forms of vitamin D, vitamin D2 and vitamin D3, both of which are metabolised into 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in the liver, the biomarker of vitamin D status. Vitamin D deficiency is a global public health problem, especially amongst older people and ethnic minority groups. The newest publication from the UK Government's Public Health England Department recommends that vitamin D intake should be 10 μg daily and this recommendation compares well (albeit lower) with other guidelines such as the Institute of Medicine recommendation of 15 μg for those aged 1–70 years and 20 μg for those 70 years or over. Few countries, however, have a specific vitamin D policy to prevent deficiency in populations. Finland leads the way, demonstrating impressive results in reducing population-level vitamin D deficiency through mandatory food fortification programmes. Collaboration between academia, government and industry, including countries from varying latitudes, is essential to identify long-term solutions to the global issue of vitamin D deficiency. This paper provides a narrative review of the evidence related to the role of vitamin D deficiency in health outcomes, outlines controversies regarding setting levels of adequacy, identifies the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency across the globe, and identifies population-level strategies adopted by countries to prevent vitamin D deficiency.

Vitamin D Deficiency is Widespread in Tunisian Pregnant Women and Inversely Associated with the Level of Education

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (05/2016) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Fenina ◽  
Dalenda Chelli ◽  
Mohamed Fradj ◽  
Moncef Feki ◽  
Ezzeddine Sfar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Level Of Education

scholarly journals Role of Vitamin D in Cardiometabolic Diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoxun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Vitamin D deficiency is a highly prevalent condition. Low vitamin D levels have long been associated with bone diseases, such as rickets in children and osteomalacia and osteoporosis in adults. However, it has become apparent in recent years that adequate vitamin D levels are also important for optimal functioning of many organs and tissues throughout the body, including the cardiovascular system. Evolving data indicate that vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies have shown that low vitamin D levels are associated with hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, left ventricular hypertrophy, and chronic vascular inflammation, all of which are risk factors for CVD. This paper reviews the definition and pathophysiology of vitamin D deficiency, clinical evidence linking vitamin D and CVD risk, diabetes and its complications, and metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Body composition and metabolic profile in adults with vitamin D deficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liane Murari ROCHA ◽  
Daniela Cristina da Silva BALDAN ◽  
Aglécio Luiz SOUZA ◽  
Elinton Adami CHAIM ◽  
Elizabeth João PAVIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
The Body ◽  
Impedance Method ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the body composition and metabolic profile in individuals in terms of different concentrations of serum vitamin D, ranging from deficiency to sufficiency. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 106 adults of both genders, who were divided into three groups according to vitamin D levels: deficiency: <20ng/mL; insufficiency: 20-29.9ng/mL; and sufficiency: 30-100ng/mL. Anthropometric evaluation included weight, height, and body circumferences. Fat mass and lean mass were assessed using the Tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance method. Clinical and biochemical evaluations were also carried out. Insulin resistance was estimated using the Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin index. Results: The analysis showed that the main alterations in individuals in the vitamin D deficiency group were higher triglycerides, very low density lipoprotein - cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, body mass index, body fat percentage, lean mass percentage, waist circumference, and Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin than those of the vitamin D sufficient group (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was found that vitamin D deficiency causes important body composition and metabolic changes, which may lead to diseases such as diabetes Mellitus and metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Expression of Vitamin D Receptor Pathway Genes in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Obese Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A658-A658
Author(s):  
Olivia Z B Ginnard ◽  
Stephanie Sisley
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
The Body ◽  
Target Gene Expression ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

Abstract Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is a substantial comorbidity in 50% of pediatric patients and is linked with poorer health outcomes in children. Vitamin D levels are also shown to be inversely related to BMI. Therefore, there are many more children with low vitamin D levels due to the increasing prevalence of pediatric obesity. Pediatric patients with obesity and vitamin D deficiency also have a uniquely increased risk of metabolic syndrome, as compared to their lean peers. Measured levels of vitamin D correlate with other physiological markers of vitamin D effects in lean individuals but not obese individuals. It is possible that vitamin D levels reflect a storage form of vitamin D rather than a true reflection of vitamin D action in the body in this particular population. The aim of this study was to provide foundational knowledge to understand if expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR)-target genes may be used as a reference standard for vitamin D status in the body. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of samples obtained from 33 obese adolescents that were consented under a past IRB-approved protocol. They were between the ages of 13 to 18 years that underwent bariatric surgery between 2004 and 2019. Data comprised of age, gender, race/ethnicity, and BMI. Samples collected included blood and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The tissue was analyzed via Real Time-PCR to obtain quantitative levels of VDR-target gene expression, which included PPARg, TLR4, THBD, CYP24A1, and VDR. Gene expression levels were normalized to the average of two housekeeping genes, GAPDH and RPLPO. Blood samples provided vitamin D levels (serum 25(OH)D). Results: VDR-target gene expression was significantly correlated between THBD, VDR, and TLR4 (p &lt;0.05), and PPARg with THBD and TLR4 (p &lt;0.05). There was no correlation observed between CYP24A1 gene expression and the other genes that were evaluated (p &gt;0.05). PPARg, THBD, TLR4, CYP24A1, and VDR gene expression levels did not correlate with circulating serum 25(OH)D levels (p &gt;0.05). Conclusion: These preliminary findings suggest that VDR-target gene expression correlates with each other but not with circulating serum 25(OH)D levels. This discrepancy supports that 25(OH)D levels do not indicate levels of vitamin D action and may not be an appropriate indicator of vitamin D deficiency in the obese population. Also, the observed CYP24A1 gene expression was limited in subcutaneous adipose tissue yet expression was seen in multiple other VDR-target genes. This emphasizes the tissue-specific nature of gene regulation of vitamin D. Further work should investigate VDR-target gene expression levels across multiple tissues of obese individuals to determine if markers of vitamin D action in one tissue are reflective of action across the body. This study may provide the first step in determining a new and more accurate biomarker for vitamin D deficiency and treatment in obesity.

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