scholarly journals Nature Prescriptions for Health: A Review of Evidence and Research Opportunities

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle C. Kondo ◽  
Kehinde O. Oyekanmi ◽  
Allison Gibson ◽  
Eugenia C. South ◽  
Jason Bocarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Outdoor Exposure ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Target Populations ◽  
At Risk Children ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Provider Participation

Nature prescription programs have emerged to address the high burden of chronic disease and increasingly sedentary and screen-based lifestyles. This study examines the base of evidence regarding such programs. We conducted a narrative review of published literature using four electronic databases. We included case studies, research design articles, and empirical studies that discussed any type of outdoor exposure or activities initiated by a health-care provider from an outpatient clinic. We examined articles for information on target populations, health outcomes, and structural and procedural elements. We also summarized evidence of the effectiveness of nature prescription programs, and discussed needs and challenges for both practice and research. Eleven studies, including eight empirical studies, have evaluated nature prescription programs with either structured or unstructured formats, referring patients either to nearby parks or to formal outdoor activity programs. Empirical studies evaluate a wide variety of health behaviors and outcomes among the most at-risk children and families. Research is too sparse to draw patterns in health outcome responses. Studies largely tested program structures to increase adherence, or patient follow-through, however findings were mixed. Three published studies explore providers’ perspectives. More research is necessary to understand how to measure and increase patient adherence, short and long-term health outcomes for patients and their families, and determinants of provider participation and participation impacts on providers’ own health.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and tourist mobility at destinations: a literature review and emerging research agenda

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Viana-Lora ◽  
Antoni Domènech ◽  
Aaron Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
The Future ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis paper aims to review conceptual and empirical studies that analyse the impact of the pandemic on mobility and tourism behaviour at destinations in order to identify proposals, forecasts and recommendations to guide the future research agenda on the subject.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a systematic literature review to synthesise information from scientific articles published in journals indexed in the Web of Science database related to tourism mobility at destinations during the COVID-19 pandemic.FindingsThis article found that, according to the existing literature, the COVID-19 pandemic is acting as a catalyst for the sustainable transition of tourism. Although the findings reveal a lack of empirical research on the impact of the pandemic on tourism mobility at destinations, the article synthesizes the short- and long-term impacts of the pandemic and sets out the future research agenda on tourist mobility at destinations.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first systematic review of the impact of the pandemic on mobility and tourism behaviour at destinations that attempts to describe the emerging challenges and the agenda for future research.

scholarly journals Air pollution, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and COVID-19 outcomes: A state-of-the-science review of a rapidly evolving research area

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anushka Bhaskar ◽  
Jay Chandra ◽  
Danielle Braun ◽  
Jacqueline Cellini ◽  
Francesca Dominici
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Long Term Studies

Background: As the coronavirus pandemic rages on, 692,000 (August 7, 2020) human lives and counting have been lost worldwide to COVID-19. Understanding the relationship between short- and long-term exposure to air pollution and adverse COVID-19 health outcomes is crucial for developing solutions to this global crisis. Objectives: To conduct a scoping review of epidemiologic research on the link between short- and long-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 health outcomes. Method: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, MedRxiv, and BioRxiv for preliminary epidemiological studies of the association between air pollution and COVID-19 health outcomes. 28 papers were finally selected after applying our inclusion/exclusion criteria; we categorized these studies as long-term studies, short-term time-series studies, or short-term cross-sectional studies. One study included both short-term time-series and a cross-sectional study design. Results: 27 studies of the 28 reported evidence of statistically significant positive associations between air pollutant exposure and adverse COVID-19 health outcomes; 11 of 12 long-term studies and all 16 short-term studies reported statistically significant positive associations. The 28 identified studies included various confounders, spatial and temporal resolutions of pollution concentrations, and COVID-19 health outcomes. Discussion: We discuss methodological challenges and highlight additional research areas based on our findings. Challenges include data quality issues, ecological study design limitations, improved adjustment for confounders, exposure errors related to spatial resolution, geographic variability in testing, mitigation measures and pandemic stage, clustering of health outcomes, and a lack of publicly available data and code.

scholarly journals Longitudinal growth and health outcomes in nutritionally at‐risk children who received long‐term nutritional intervention

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 623-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. T. Huynh ◽  
E. Estorninos ◽  
R. Z. Capeding ◽  
J. S. Oliver ◽  
Y. L. Low ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Longitudinal Growth ◽  
At Risk Children

scholarly journals Exploring the Social Drivers of Health During a Pandemic: Leveraging Knowledge Graphs and Population Trends in COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joao H. Bettencourt-Silva ◽  
Natasha Mulligan ◽  
Charles Jochim ◽  
Nagesh Yadav ◽  
Walter Sedlazek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Traditional Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Health Concepts

Social determinants of health (SDoH) are the factors which lie outside of the traditional health system, such as employment or access to nutritious foods, that influence health outcomes. Some efforts have focused on identifying vulnerable populations during the COVID-19 pandemic, however, both the short- and long-term social impacts of the pandemic on individuals and populations are not well understood. This paper presents a pipeline to discover health outcomes and related social factors based on trending SDoH at population-level using Google Trends. A knowledge graph was built from a corpus of research literature (PubMed) and the social determinants that trended high at the start of the pandemic were examined. This paper reports on related social and health concepts which may be impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak and may be important to monitor as the pandemic evolves. The proposed pipeline should have wider applicability in surfacing related social or clinical characteristics of interest, outbreak surveillance, or to mine relations between social and health concepts that can, in turn, help inform and support citizen-centred services.

Financial Crises: Sources, Manifestations, Consequences

2012 ◽  
pp. 46-66
Author(s):  
E. Rustamov
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crises ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
Asset Sales ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Price Bubbles ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Long Term Impact

Building on the empirical studies and financial crises theories, a general framework describing the mechanisms of crisis formation and transmission is developed. Factors of crisis formation include external and internal imbalances, shocks, deficiencies of economic policies and changes in the economic agents behavior (in particular, as concerns price bubbles formation and burst). Channels of crisis transmission include direct links between financial organizations; "negative loss spirals" arising from massive asset sales; increase in uncertainty. The framework is employed to the analysis of several crisis episodes in 1990s and 2000s (Mexican, Asian, Russian and Argentine crises). The channels of crisis transmission to the real economy are also considered. The approaches to measuring both short- and long-term impact of crises on fiscal stability and economic growth are discussed.

Outcomes, Management, and Complications of Lung Transplantation for Pulmonary Hypertension

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Edelman
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Lung Transplantation ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Medical Teams

Successful lung and heart-lung transplantations were achieved nearly 3 decades ago at a time when medical therapeutic options for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension were extremely limited. While the medical arsenal for treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension has expanded considerably since this time, lung and heart-lung transplantations continue to offer potential for improved survival and quality of life for patients who experience disease progression despite medical therapy. The majority of patients with pulmonary hypertension requiring transplantation can be successfully treated with lung transplantation and do not require combined heart-lung transplantation. Advances in surgical techniques, medical management, donor and recipient selection, pharmacologic therapies, and clinical outcomes assessment have led to ongoing improvements in short- and long-term outcomes. Long-term success requires appropriate candidate and donor selection, experienced surgical and medical teams, diligent medical follow-up by the transplant team in collaboration with community medical providers, and excellent patient adherence with post-transplant care and therapy. This article addresses short- and long-term management and complications associated with lung transplantation. Outcomes after transplantation, immunosuppressive management, acute and chronic rejection, medical morbidities, and underlying diagnosis-specific concerns are discussed.

scholarly journals Can Technology Improve Adherence to Long-Term Therapies?

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérard Reach
Keyword(s):  
Cost Saving ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Diabetes Care ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Fear Of Hypoglycemia ◽  
Improve Patient Adherence ◽  
Contemporary Medicine ◽  
Improve Patient

Background: Therapeutic nonadherence is defined as the lack of equivalence between the behavior of the patients and their prescribed medical treatment. Consequences of nonadherence include not only health outcomes, but also cost saving. Thus, this issue gets paramount importance in contemporary medicine. Method: The aim of this article is to discuss the relationships between technology and adherence by asking the following three questions. (1) How can technology be used to monitor patient adherence? (2) Considering the mechanisms of nonadherence in chronic diseases, is there room for technology in interventions aimed to improve patient adherence? (3) What about adherence to technology in diabetes care? Results and Conclusion: Technology may help improve adherence to long-term therapies by (1) giving a concrete representation of adherence rewards, (2) overcoming immediate obstacles to adherence, such as the fear of hypoglycemia, and (3) providing an opportunity for patient-doctor conversations. This assumes, however, that both the patient and the doctor are convinced that technologies are useful.

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