One Health and Information Management Using Big Data in Health

In an increasingly connected world, information regarding the contagion and spread of COVID-19 has been an important weapon to enable better coping with the disease. The use of information technology can assist in the prevention, care, and monitoring of patients. In addition, remote service using applications avoids the overload of health centers and contagion. This research reports the experience of a research project initiated in Brazil at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, with the objective of developing an application and big data for the new coronavirus in a public health clinic using information management and One Health concepts. Initially, the application requirements were defined through interviews with users and health professionals. The partial results obtained so far demonstrate improvements in the different processes of the health center with the use of the application. The use of big data for the analysis of information makes it possible to define better health policies for the population in a more precise way and in a shorter time.

Multidimensional Sleep Health: Concepts, Advances, and Implications for Research and Intervention

Sleep is a complex process, sensitive to aging, with theoretical and evidentiary basis for influence on multiple health outcomes. Recent scholarship has argued for a ‘multi-dimensional’ approach to sleep health, that is, a recognition that healthy sleep consists of more than its quantity (duration) and is more than the absence of sleep disorders. This new conception of sleep health acknowledges sleep’s complexity yet presents challenges for methodological treatment. How do we operationalize/analyze multiple dimensions of sleep, some of which are correlated due to physiological reasons, common measurement tools, or sensitivity to common stressors? Is it sensible to talk about ‘sleep health’ as a single, composite entity with multiple components, akin to a dietary pattern rather than a collection of individual nutrients? Exemplar data from a racial-ethnic disparities project in aging adults suggest the utility of a composite approach, and the value of considering inter-correlations among sleep metrics.

The effect of using the K.W.L strategy in acquiring health concepts in the social education subject for eighth graders in Jordan: أثر استخدام استراتيجية K.W.L في اكتساب المفاهيم الصّحية في مبحث التّربية الاجتماعية لدى طلاب الثامن الأساسي في الأردن

The current study aimed to identify the effect of using the K.W.L strategy in acquiring health concepts in the social education subject for eighth graders in Jordan. The researcher used the quasi-experimental approach to identify the effect of using the K.W.L strategy in acquiring health concepts in the social education subject. The researcher prepared a test to measure the health concepts of the study sample, which consisted of (68) students in two groups (control – experimental). The study reached several results, the most important of which are: There is an effect of K.W.L's strategy in acquiring health concepts in the social education subject for eighth grade students in Jordan, where the experimental sample outperformed the control sample. The study recommended the necessity of using the K.W.L teaching strategy in all units of the social education subject.

Public Health Frameworks in Audiology Education: Rationale and Model for Implementation

Purpose: Hearing health care is a public health priority at the national and global levels, yet training in clinical audiology programs lacks formal public health education. The purpose of this review article is to discuss audiology concepts in terms of the public health framework of assessment, policy, and assurance and describe two approaches for implementing public health frameworks into audiology doctoral programs. Method: This review article provides a review of audiology concepts through the framework of public health and discusses the rationale for why public health concepts are critical to achieving population-level objectives in hearing health care. We compare competencies of audiology and public health education and then provide a model for two methods for implementing public health education into audiology doctoral programs: (a) formal integration of public health concepts into existing coursework or curricula and (b) a dual doctor of audiology (AuD) and master's in public health (MPH) degree track. Conclusions: Public health is present in the field of audiology, and the field has many public health objectives; however, audiologists do not receive the training necessary to recognize public health concepts or meet population-level objectives. Educating future audiologists in public health concepts will provide them with the tools needed to work with other hearing professionals to make population-level advances in hearing health care. A subset of students may want to become experts in public health and wish to pursue a dual AuD/MPH track.

Foodborne Illness Outbreak Investigation for One Health Postsecondary Education

One Health concepts were incorporated in a foodborne disease outbreak investigation with game features of data presented as visual and manipulative clues. Postsecondary pre-veterinary medicine and animal biosciences students and food science students ( n = 319) enrolled in an introductory animal and food sciences course over a 3-year period received a brief introduction to foodborne illness, an outbreak scenario, and investigative tasks to complete individually or in groups.

Context, Cognition, and Communication: Understanding how the Psychology of Location Affects Health and Medical Communication

Prior research reveals that cognition – or how the mind processes information – often guides human behavior in familiar settings (St.Amant, 2018). Such factors can affect the communication practices persons use to convey information about health concepts or medical processes (Hamm, 2003; St.Amant, 2021). The challenge becomes anticipating such connections in order to create texts and visuals audiences can understand and use to meet healthcare needs. This article presents an approach to meeting this need by applying the concept of cognitive scripts to understand and address the communication expectations audiences often associated with health and medical settings. In presenting these ideas, the article begins with an explanation of how cognitive scripts can affect communication processes. From there, the author advocates applying script dynamics to health and medical communication practices. To do so, the author expands upon ideas in the literature on cognitive scripts to create a script-based approach for researching an audience’s expectations of healthcare situations. The author then describes how to apply the information collected from this research to create communication materials audiences can more easily use in healthcare contexts. The result is a three-factor method that focuses on applying cognitive scripts to identify and address an audience’s expectations for healthcare communication in a given context. Readers can then use this approach to design healthcare communication materials that audiences can easily and effectively use.

Research on Influencing Factors and Dimensions of Health Literacy in Different Age Groups: Before and After the COVID-19 Era in Chongqing, China

Background: Understanding the levels of health literacy among different groups is essential for better public health interventions targeting specific subgroups of the population. Additionally, this article explores the prevalence and influencing factors of the health literacy levels of different age groups during the COVID-19 epidemic.Methods: Multistage stratified cluster random sampling and the Probability Proportion to Size (PPS) method were used to select permanent residents aged 15–69 in Chongqing (54,706) for the questionnaire survey. The survey period is from July 2019 and July 2020. Single-factor analysis and logistic regression models were used to study the relationship between demographics, socioeconomic factors, other independent covariates, and health literacy.Results: The health literacy levels of residents declined with age, and there were significant differences in health literacy levels between age groups (χ2 = 3332.884, P < 0.05). As far as the factors affecting health literacy level are concerned, high education and high income are the protective factors for health literacy level for residents of all ages. For adolescents (OR = 1.383, 95% CI: 1.217–1.571), young adults (OR = 1.232, 95% CI = 1.117–1.358), and middle-aged people (OR = 1.096, 95% CI = 1.017–1.182), residence in rural areas was a protective factor. In terms of the dimensions of health literacy, in particular, elderly health literacy in 2020 in Scientific Health Concepts, Safety and First Aid, Basic Medical Care decreased significantly compared with 2019.Conclusions: For adolescents, young adults, middle-aged people, to solve the problem of urban and rural health quality gap, we should not only use the geographical division, but also consider the social population and socio-economic differences. For the elderly, the following four dimensions of health literacy need to be paid more attention than those of other age: Basic Knowledge and Concepts, Scientific Health Concepts, Safety and First Aid, and Basic Medical Care. A lack of knowledge on the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases is the main reason for the recent decline in health literacy. And the health literacy among residents in major public health emergencies is needed.

Leisure and Tourism in the Health Concept of Women and Their Health Misconceptions

The pursuit of good health continues to be a popular pursuit in the 21st century, however not everyone understands it in the holistic sense which encompasses physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, social, and societal dimensions. Further, many do not understand how these dimensions influence their health, which leads to misconceptions and making faulty choices in healthy lifestyle practices. Leisure is strongly correlated to health and leisure activities which have been shown to have both direct and indirect effects on one’s health. Research also indicates gender inequalities in leisure disadvantage women disproportionately. This paper first summarizes the understandings of misconceptions, health, leisure, tourism, and their intersections, then introduces a small sample pilot study on the health concepts and misconceptions of female university students in Hungary.