scholarly journals The Effectiveness of a Dyadic Pain Management Program for Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Chronic Pain: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 4966
Author(s):  
Ziyan Li ◽  
Mimi Tse ◽  
Angel Tang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pain Management Program ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Chronic pain is a major health problem among older adults and their informal caregivers, which has negative effects on their physical and psychological status. The dyadic pain management program (DPMP) is provided to community-dwelling older adults and informal caregivers to help the dyads reduce pain symptoms, improve the quality of life, develop good exercise habits, as well as cope and break the vicious circle of pain. Methods: A pilot randomized controlled trial was designed and all the dyads were randomly divided into two groups: the DPMP group and control group. Dyads in the DPMP group participated in an 8-week DPMP (4-week face-to-face program and 4-week home-based program), whereas dyads in the control group received one page of simple pain-related information. Results: In total, 64 dyads participated in this study. For baseline comparisons, no significant differences were found between the two groups. After the interventions, the pain score was significantly reduced from 4.25 to 2.57 in the experimental group, respectively. In the repeated measures ANOVA, the differences in pain score (F = 107.787, p < 0.001, d = 0.777) was statistically significant for the group-by-time interaction. After the interventions, the experimental group participants demonstrated significantly higher pain self-efficacy compared with the control group (F = 80.535, p < 0.001, d = 0.722). Furthermore, the elderly increased exercise time significantly (F = 111.212, p < 0.001, d = 0.782) and reported developing good exercise habits. Conclusions: These results provide preliminary support for the effectiveness of a DPMP for relieving the symptoms of chronic pain among the elderly.

scholarly journals Effects of Exercise Training Combined with Increased Physical Activity to Prevent Chronic Pain in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Hirase ◽  
Hideki Kataoka ◽  
Shigeru Inokuchi ◽  
Jiro Nakano ◽  
Junya Sakamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Objective. With the aim of developing a chronic pain prevention program, this randomized controlled trial examined whether exercise training combined with increased physical activity more effectively improves pain and physical activity than exercise training alone in community-dwelling older adults without chronic pain. Methods. We randomized 76 older adults without chronic pain into an intervention group n=38 involving exercise training combined with increased physical activity and a control group n=38 involving exercise training alone. The exercise training comprised weekly 60-min sessions for 12 weeks. The program to increase physical activity required participants to record their daily step counts using pedometers. Pain intensity, total number of pain sites, and physical activity were assessed before and 12 weeks after the intervention. Results. A time-by-group interaction was found for physical activity, with the intervention group showing significant improvement p<0.05. The intervention group also showed greater improvement in pain intensity and total number of pain sites at 12 weeks after intervention than the control group p<0.05. Conclusions. In older adults without chronic pain, exercise training combined with increased physical activity improves key outcome indicators more effectively than exercise training alone. “This trial is registered with UMIN000018503.”

Effects of Aerobic, Resistance, or Combined Exercise Training Among Older Adults with Subjective Memory Complaints: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Taeko Makino ◽  
Hiroyuki Umegaki ◽  
Masahiko Ando ◽  
Xian Wu Cheng ◽  
Koji Ishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Logical Memory ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Background: Physical exercise is suggested to be effective for preventing cognitive decline in older adults, but the relative efficacy of different types of exercise have yet to be clarified. Objective: This single-blinded randomized controlled trial was designed to investigate the differential effects of aerobic exercise training (AT), resistance exercise training (RT), and combined exercise training (CT) on cognition in older adults with subjective memory complaints (SMC). Methods: Community-dwelling older adults with SMC (n = 415; mean age = 72.3 years old) were randomly assigned to one of the four groups: AT, RT, CT, or control group. The study consisted of two phases: a 26-week intervention and a 26-week follow-up. The participants were evaluated at baseline, 26 weeks (postintervention), and 52 weeks (follow-up). The primary outcome of this study was memory function, which was assessed using the Logical Memory II subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) score. The secondary outcomes included global cognitive function, verbal fluency, working memory, processing speed, and executive functions. Results: Intention-to-treat analysis by a mixed-effect model repeated measure showed that the AT group had significantly improved performance on the WMS-R Logical Memory II test (2.74 [1.82–3.66] points) than the control group (1.36 [0.44–2.28] points) at the postintervention assessment (p = 0.037). The effect was more pronounced in those without amnesia than those with amnesia. No significant improvement was observed in the RT and CT groups. Conclusion: This study suggests that AT intervention can improve delayed memory in community-dwelling older adults, particularly in individuals without objective memory decline.

Comparing the Effects of Single-Task versus Dual-Task Balance Training on Gait Smoothness and Functional Balance in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Samira Javadpour ◽  
Ehsan Sinaei ◽  
Reza Salehi ◽  
Shahla Zahednejad ◽  
Alireza Motealleh
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Balance Training ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Training Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

To compare the effects of single- versus dual-task balance training on the gait smoothness and balance of community-dwelling older adults, 69 volunteers were randomized to single-, dual-task training, and control (no intervention) groups. Exercises were received in 18 sessions through 6 weeks. The gait smoothness was measured by the harmonic ratio of trunk accelerations using a triaxial accelerometer. Balance performance was assessed through the Fullerton Advanced Balance scale, Timed Up and Go test, Activities-specific Balance Confidence, and gait speed. After the trial, all variables improved significantly in the training groups. Moreover, differences in the mean change of all variables, except the Timed Up and Go test, were statistically significant between the interventional groups and the control group, but no significant difference was reported between the two training groups. This study suggests that balance training can improve gait smoothness as well as balance status in healthy older adults.

scholarly journals Effect of various exercises on frailty among older adults with subjective cognitive concerns: a randomised controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Hsien Huang ◽  
Hiroyuki Umegaki ◽  
Taeko Makino ◽  
Kazuki Uemura ◽  
Takahiro Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background Physical exercise has been linked to reduced frailty, but there is insufficient evidence of beneficial effects in community-dwelling older adults with subjective cognitive concerns. Objective This study aimed to clarify the effects of physical exercise in this population. Design Single-blind randomised controlled trial. Setting Community sports centres. Participants Residents aged 65–85 years were screened using the Kihon checklist; those with subjective cognitive concerns were invited for eligibility assessment. In total, 415 community-dwelling older adults were enrolled and randomised. Methods This trial investigated the effects of aerobic training (AT), resistance training (RT) and combined training (AT+RT) programs on reducing frailty. All participants were randomised into one of the three intervention groups or the control group. Participants in the intervention groups underwent a group training program and self-paced home training for 26 weeks. The control group received lectures about health promotion. A 95-item frailty index (FI) was utilised to determine the effects of training. Participants were followed up at weeks 26 and 52. Results At baseline, mean age of all participants (47% women) was 72.3 ± 4.6 years, with a mean FI score of 0.3 ± 0.1. Compared with control group, AT improved total FI by 0.020 (CI −0.039 to −0.001, effect size −0.275) and the depression and anxiety component of FI by 0.051 (CI −0.084 to −0.018, effect size −0.469) at week 26, but the effects waned at week 52. No significant differences in FI were found in RT and AT+RT groups at weeks 26 and 52. Conclusions A 26-week AT reduced frailty modestly, especially in the depression and anxiety component, in older adults with subjective cognitive concerns.

Cost-effectiveness of a preventive self-care health management program for community-dwelling older adults: a randomised controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkers Kwan Ching Wong ◽  
Frances Kam Yuet Wong ◽  
Ching SO
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Care Health ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Objective To examine the cost-effectiveness of a preventive self-care health management program for community-dwelling older adults as compared to usual care. Design/Intervention A cost-effectiveness analysis was executed alongside a randomised controlled trial. Nurse case managers provided interventions, including holistic assessment, empowerment of self-care, preventive health behaviours and self-efficacy with co-produced care planning, supported by nursing students. The control group received social control calls. Participants/Setting Community-dwelling older adults were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 271) or control (n = 269) group. The intervention was conducted in collaboration with 11 community centres under four non-government organisations in various districts of Hong Kong. Measurements Cost and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were collected pre (baseline, 0 months) and post intervention (3 months) and 3 months after completion of the program (6 months). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios between the groups were calculated, dividing the difference in cost by the difference in QALYs. Results Analysis showed that the net incremental QALY gain was 0.0014 (3 months) and 0.0033 (6 months) when the intervention group was compared to the control group. The probability of being cost-effective at 6 months was 53.2% and 53.4%, based on the cost-effectiveness thresholds recommended by both the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence ($200,000/QALYs) and the World Health Organization (Hong Kong gross domestic product/capita, HK$381,780). Conclusions The results provide some evidence to suggest that the addition of a home-based, preventive self-care health management program may have effects on cost outcomes for community-dwelling older adults in Hong Kong.

scholarly journals Effects of Semi-Immersive Virtual Reality-Based Cognitive Training Combined with Locomotor Activity on Cognitive Function and Gait Ability in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 814
Author(s):  
Na-Kyoung Hwang ◽  
Jong-Bae Choi ◽  
Dae-Kil Choi ◽  
Jae-Min Park ◽  
Chang-Wan Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immersive Virtual Reality ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Experimental Group

This study aimed to investigate the effects of semi-immersive virtual reality-based cognitive training (VRCT) combined with locomotor activity on cognitive function, balance, and gait ability in older adults. Eighteen community-dwelling older adults participated in this study. Subjects who met the selection criteria were assigned to an experimental group (n = 9) and a control group (n = 9). The experimental group received VRCT combined with locomotor activity for 30 min a day, three times a week, for 6 weeks. The control group received tabletop activity-based cognitive training for the same amount of time. Before and after the training, the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), Trail Making Test (TMT; A and B), and Digit Span Test (DST; forward and backward) were used to evaluate cognitive function; and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and 10-m Walking Test (10MWT) were used to evaluate the improvement in the balance and gait ability parameters. After the intervention, the experimental group showed a significantly greater improvement in the TMT-A (p = 0.045) and DST-backward (p = 0.012) scores compared with the control group. Regarding the gait ability variable, the experimental group showed a significant improvement in the 10MWT test (p = 0.001). This study confirmed that semi-immersive VRCT combined with locomotor activity is useful for improving cognitive function and gait ability in older adults. Therefore, VRCT combined with locomotor activity can be used as a simultaneous intervention for cognitive rehabilitation and functional capacity improvement in older adults.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a Peer-Led Pain Management Program in Relieving Chronic Pain and Enhancing Pain Self-Efficacy Among Older Adults: A Clustered Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimi M. Y. Tse ◽  
Shamay S. M. Ng ◽  
Paul H. Lee ◽  
Xue Bai ◽  
Raymond Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pain Management Program ◽  
Experimental Group

Chronic pain is common in nursing home residents, who may have difficulty seeking out pain management strategies. Peer support model show promise as a strategy for managing chronic conditions. This was a clustered randomized controlled trial. A peer-led pain management program was provided for the experimental group. Pain situation, depression, quality of life, non-drug strategies used, and pain knowledge were measured. A total of 262 participants joined the study (146 were allocated as experimental group and 116 as control group). Before our intervention, the mean pain score reported was as high as 6.36 on a 10-point Likert Scale. The high intensity of their pain very much interfered with the daily activities of the participants. Pain interference was high and the participants had poor coping as indicated by the low pain self-efficacy. Depression and a low quality of life score was found. Upon completion of our PAP, there was a significant increase in pain self-efficacy, pain interference as well as quality of life for the participants in the experimental group and not in the control group, and this improvement sustained in 3-month follow up. The present study used a peer support models and proven to be effective in managing pain and pain related situations for nursing home residents with chronic pain. The peer volunteers involved in the pain management program taught relevant pain knowledge and pain management strategies to help our participants.Clinical Trial Registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03823495, NCT03823495.

scholarly journals A Home Hazard Removal Program to Reduce Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 385-385
Author(s):  
Susy Stark
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age In Place ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract The majority of falls experienced by older adults occur in the home with home hazards associated with an increased risk of falling. Low-income older adults, who have more disability and live in substandard housing, need feasible interventions to help them safely age in place. The Home Hazard Removal Program (HARP) is a new home hazard removal and fall risk self-management program delivered in the home by occupational therapists to prevent falls. To evaluate the program, a randomized control trial was conducted with 310 community-dwelling older adults receiving aging services in the community. HARP had high acceptability with older adults and was feasible to deliver in the community. Adjusted for fall risk, individuals in the HARP group fell 1.4 times versus 2.2 times in the control group over 12 months. This low-cost home hazard removal program demonstrated acceptability, feasibility, and a significant reduction in falls for at-risk community-dwelling older adults.

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