Formation and Training of Peer Counselors on PKPR and Post-Covid-19 AKB Socialization

Limited knowledge of students about adolescent reproductive health is a problem that is often found in Islamic boarding school. The behavior of teenagers who often wear clothes or towels alternating with friends will be very influential for the reproductive health of adolescents, and it is feared that it could become a medium of spread of covid-19. Therefore, it is necessary to establish youth counselors and training through the provision of information as well as counseling practices on Youth Care Health Services (PKPR) and Socialization of New Habit Adaptation (AKB) after covid-19 in Al-Ittihaad Islamic Boarding School Purbaratu. The purpose of this PKM activity is to train and provide information on the importance of maintaining health by paying attention to adolescent reproductive health behaviors in Islamic boarding school with the implementation of health protocols / adaptation of new habits (AKB), which in the end participants are able to relay the information that has been obtained during the training process to others. The method in this activity is the establishment of youth counselors from santri sons and daughters. Providing training by directly training participants conduct counseling practices to their peers in the post-covid-19 PKPR and AKB. Conduct health protocols to prevent the spread of covid-19 virus in Islamic boarding school. The result of this activity is the increasing knowledge and skills of peer counsellors about PKPR and AKB post-covid-19 in Islamic boarding school.Conclusion is that participants can know and better understand and apply directly the material about PKPR and AKB post-covid-19 in Islamic boarding school.

Approaches to Evaluations of Virtual Care in Primary Care

A literature search informed this Environmental Scan and identified 11 evaluations of virtual care in primary care health settings and 7 publications alluding to methods, standards, and guidelines (referred to as evaluation guidance documents in this report) being used in various countries to evaluate virtual care in primary care health settings. The majority of included literature was from Australia, the US, and the UK, with 2 evaluation guidance documents published by the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. Evaluation guidance documents recommended using measurements that assess the effectiveness and quality of clinical care including safety outcomes, time and travel, financial and operational impact, participation, health care utilization, technology experience including feasibility, user satisfaction, and barriers and facilitators or measures of health equity. Evaluation guidance documents specified that the following key decisions and considerations should be integrated into the planning of a virtual care evaluation: refining the scope of virtual care services; selecting an appropriate meaningful comparator; and identifying opportune timing and duration for the evaluation to ensure the evaluation is reflective of real-world practice, allows for adequate measurement of outcomes, and is comprehensive, timely, feasible, non-complex, and non–resource-intensive. Evaluation guidance documents highlighted that evaluations should be systematic, performed regularly, and reflect the stage of virtual care implementation to encompass the specific considerations associated with each stage. Additionally, evaluations should assess individual virtual care sessions and the virtual care program as a whole. Regarding economic components of virtual care evaluations, the evaluation guidance documents noted that costs or savings are not limited to monetary or financial measures but can also be represented with time. Cost analyses such as cost-benefit and cost-utility estimates should be performed with a specific emphasis on selecting an appropriate perspective (e.g., patient or provider), as that influences the benefits, effects, and how the outcome is interpreted. Two identified evaluations assessed economic outcomes through cost analyses in the perspective of the patient and provider. Evidence suggests that, in some circumstances, virtual care may be more cost-effective and reduces the cost per episode and patient expenses (e.g., travel and parking costs) compared to in-person care. However, virtual care may increase the number of individuals treated, which would increase overall health care spending. Four identified evaluations assessed health care utilization. The evidence suggests that virtual care reduces the duration of appointments and may be more time-efficient compared to in-person care. However, it is unclear if virtual care reduces the use of medical resources and the need for follow-up appointments, hospital admissions, and emergency department visits compared to in-person care. Five identified evaluations assessed participation outcomes. Evidence was variable, with some evidence reporting that virtual care reduced attendance (e.g., reduced attendance rates) and other evidence noting improved attendance (e.g., increased completion rate and decreased cancellations and no-show rates) compared to in-person care. Three identified evaluations assessed clinical outcomes in various health contexts. Some evidence suggested that virtual care improves clinical outcomes (e.g., in primary care with integrated mental health services, symptom severity decreased) or has a similar effect on clinical outcomes compared to in-person care (e.g., use of virtual care in depression elicited similar results with in-person care). Three identified evaluations assessed the appropriateness of prescribing. Some studies suggested that virtual care improves appropriateness by increasing guideline-based or guideline-concordant antibiotic management, or elicits no difference with in-person care.

National trends in the proportion of in-hospital deaths by cause of death among older adults with long-term care: a nationwide observational study in Japan from 2007 to 2017

Background Japan has promoted end-of-life care at home and in long-term care facilities, and the total proportion of in-hospital deaths has decreased recently. However, the difference in trends of in-hospital deaths by the cause of death remains unclear. We investigated the variation in trends of in-hospital deaths among older adults with long-term care from 2007 to 2017, by cause of death and place of care. Methods Using the national long-term care insurance registry, long-term care claims data, and national death records, we identified people aged 65 years or older who died between 2007 and 2017 and used long-term care services in the month before death. Using a joinpoint regression model, we evaluated time trends of the proportion of in-hospital deaths by cause of death (cancer, heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, pneumonia, and senility) and place of care (home, long-term care health facility, or long-term care welfare facility). Results Of the 3,261,839 participants, the mean age was 87.0 ± 8.0 years, and 59.2% were female. Overall, the proportion of in-hospital deaths decreased from 66.2% in 2007 to 55.3% in 2017. By cause of death, the proportion of in-hospital deaths remained the highest for pneumonia (81.6% in 2007 and 77.2% in 2017) and lowest for senility (25.5% in 2007 and 20.0% in 2017) in all types of places of care. The joinpoint regression analysis showed the steepest decline among those who died of senility, especially among long-term care health facility residents. Conclusions The findings of this nationwide study suggest that there was a decreasing trend of in-hospital deaths among older adults, although the speed of decline and absolute values varied widely depending on the cause of death and place of care.

The Digital Lifeworld and Salutogenesis

In this chapter, the authors explore salutogenesis in the context of the ‘digital world’, concerning both high- and low-resource countries. The digital world is rapidly developing and can transcend physical and financial barriers of health care and health promotion. The digital world also has many challenges, especially for equity. On the one hand, digitalization carries the risk of excluding many people – also healthcare workers – because they cannot access the digital world or do not have the technical skills to understand it (make sense of it). On the other hand, the digital world offers both new generalized resistance resources (GRRs) and specific resistance resources (SRRs) to improve population health and promote healthy lifestyles and health literacy. The authors nicely illustrate how the sense of coherence (SOC) helps people find a balance in the digital world’s stress-rich environment. Important steps forward in this field include work to strengthen the evidence base and to document the preconditions for a digital world that supports decision making in health care, health behaviour change (e.g. quitting smoking) and – above all – supports empowerment and social justice.

Gestational Age, Exclusive Breastfeeding, Attitude Complementary Foods Associated with Stunting Infants

Introduction : Many factors influence the occurrence of stunting in toddlers, but the most important factor influencing the incidence of stunting comes from the mother. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between gestational age of infants, exclusive breastfeeding and mother's attitude in giving complementary foods with the incidence of stunting in infants aged 6-24 months. Method: The research design is Cross Sectional. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling involving 125 mothers of infants aged 6-24 months. Result: The results found that gestational age (p value = 0.016), exclusive breastfeeding (p value = 0.027) and complementary feeding (p value = 0.00) have positive correlation with attitude and complementary feeding. The babies born with a small gestational age are at risk of stunting. Exclusive breastfeeding for infants aged 0-6 months followed by a positive mother's attitude in preparing and providing quality complementary foods can reduce the risk of babies experiencing stunting, so nurses' efforts are needed to provide health education to mothers to optimize their role in infant care and nutrition. Recommendation: Health workers, both nurses and midwives, should increase their role in providing health education to mothers with babies aged 6-24 months about the importance of Antenatal Care, health education about the benefits of breastfeeding and forming of breastfeeding motivators and providing health education to mothers under five how to arrange a supplementary food menu for toddlers

Measuring sleep literacy in healthcare students: an observational study

In recent years, research has focused on the various potentialities and functions associated with so-called restorative sleep, in the general population and not only in individuals with more serious pathologies. Thus, sleep hygiene rules have been defined in order to allow, in an accessible way, everyone to actively contribute to their quality of sleep. Health students play a key role as active agents in primary care, health promotion and disease prevention. But to assume this role, as a living example and educator, they often need to increase their health literacy, which must go far beyond specific knowledge. With this observational study, we aimed to assess the actual knowledge of higher education students in courses in the area of health (School of Health of the Polytechnic of Porto), through an online questionnaire with some factual statements on this topic. It is expected that the data collected will allow the identification of misconceptions and misconceptions about the area of sleep, thus revealing which lines of intervention still need to be invested in literacy in this area.

The Impact of Population Ageing: A Review

Background: Population aging refers to the increase in number and percentage of older population aged 60 yr and above, and at the same time, decreasing in number and percentage of the young population aged 15 yr old and below. Starting in developed countries, population aging has now become a distinctive demographic phenomenon in developing countries. Nowadays developing countries have become the home to the largest proportion of older people in the world. This paper aimed to analyze the impact of population aging in Malaysia. Methods: We employed a secondary data analysis related to the impact of population aging in Malaysia. In analyzing the data, the paper detailed, segmented, coded and, formulated the text into themes through a thematic approach. The themes that emerged from the data were family changes, migration of youth, support and care, health problems, financial security as well as housing problems. These emerged themes mapped the shared patterns of the impacts of the population aging. Results: With the increasing of the older population in Malaysia, there are various impacts of population aging emerged, particularly in terms of family changes, youth migration to cities, support and care, health, financial security and housing. The discussion in this article is revolved around these impacts. Conclusion: The growth of older people and the impact emerging from it has certain policy implications for the government of the country. Thus, the government needs to prepare for adequate policies and resources for future older people.

A comparative study of HEALTH in newspaper articles of the 1980s and 2000s: a corpus based analysis

The notion of health is of vital importance for the society. The research analyses and compares the corpora processed with the help of Sketch Engine. The collocations with HEALTH taken from The Guardian 80 and modern as well as The Mirror 80 and modern are in the focus of corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis. While the analysis such research methods were used as: discourse and critical analyses are used to study collocations with HEALTH in British broadsheets and tabloids; corpus analysis – to single out key words representing HEALTH in the corpus broadsheets and tabloids; contextual-interpretative analysis – to establish specifics features of discursive representation of the collocations with HEALTH in the media discourse and tabloids; quantitative analysis – to interpret and compare results obtained. The collocations chosen for this research are nouns modified by HEALTH. The n-grams show the differences and similarities as for the health collocations in The Guardian 80/The Mirror 80, The Guardian modern/The Mirror modern as well as The Guardian 80/The Guardian modern and The Mirror 80/The Mirror modern. The findings of the study show top health collocations, such as health care, health problem, health benefit, health issue, health expert, health support. The frequency of their being used in the newspaper discourse can vary in the broadsheet or the tabloid. Besides, newspaper discourse accentuates certain problems revealed in the life of the society either in the 80s or nowadays. The research reveals the health collocation differences between two different newspapers as well as between the newspapers with the same name at different times. The analysis shows that the newspaper discourse reflects the idea promoted by the societal health approaches.

Preferences of Older Immigrants in Nursing Care: A Scoping Review

Background Worldwide, our societies are characterized by an increasing diversity, greatly contributed by immigrants. When in need of care older immigrants face various barriers and serious challenges in terms of unmet preferences. To provide person-centered care, health care professionals need to consider the personal background of immigrants to identify and assess their individual preferences. Objective To understand how preferences of older immigrants in nursing care are defined and how they can be assessed. Methods A scoping review will be conducted to identify and analyze preferences of older immigrants across health care settings. Preliminary results The literature search revealed that older immigrants in need of care define their preferences in terms of expectations and priorities. Differences among immigrants are related to the age of the person at the time of immigration, on cultural differences and/or on how the concepts of preferences in the country of origin is understood.