scholarly journals Lighting in the Home and Health: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 609
Author(s):  
Oluwapelumi Osibona ◽  
Bethlehem D. Solomon ◽  
Daniela Fecht
Keyword(s):  
Light Exposure ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Housing Quality ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
Specific Health

Poor housing is an important determinant of poor health. One key aspect of housing quality is lighting. Light is important for visual performance and safety, and also plays a vital role in regulating human physiological functions. This review aims to synthesise existing evidence on the relationship between lighting in the home and health and recommends areas for future research. Three databases were searched for relevant literature using pre-defined inclusion criteria. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Extracted data were qualitatively synthesised according to type of lighting (natural light, artificial light and light at night) and stratified by broad health domains (physical, mental and sleep health). Of the 4043 records retrieved, 28 studies met the inclusion criteria. There was considerable heterogeneity in light exposure metrics used and specific health outcome assessed by the studies. Lighting in the home can negatively affect health but the current evidence base is limited to a small number of studies in different domains of light and health. Further research surrounding specific health outcomes is required to better inform housing quality assessments and lighting practises in the home.

Dementia friendly initiatives: A state of the science review

Dementia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1858-1895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A Hebert ◽  
Kezia Scales
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
Centered Care ◽  
State Of The Science

Background Dementia friendly initiatives share similarities with the age-friendly movement in a focus on active engagement and creating a good quality of life for older adults. Dementia friendly initiatives offer a welcoming optimistic narrative in dementia studies by embracing dignity, empowerment, and autonomy to enable well-being throughout the dementia trajectory. Purpose The purpose of this review is to explore the current science of dementia friendly initiatives, identify gaps, and inform future research. Method Quantitative, qualitative, and conceptual/theoretical peer-reviewed dementia friendly research literature were evaluated for their current evidence base and theoretical underpinnings. Results The dementia friendly initiatives research base is primarily qualitative and descriptive focused on environmental design, dementia awareness and education, and the development of dementia friendly communities. Person-centered care principles appear in dementia friendly initiatives centered in care settings. Strong interdisciplinary collaboration is present. Research is needed to determine the effect of dementia friendly initiatives on stakeholder-driven and community-based outcomes. Due to the contextual nature of dementia, the perspective of persons with dementia should be included as dementia friendly initiatives are implemented. Theory-based studies are needed to confirm dementia friendly initiative components and support rigorous evaluation. Dementia friendly initiatives broaden the lens from which dementia is viewed.

scholarly journals Epistaxis 2016: national audit of management

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (12) ◽  
pp. 1131-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Presentation Rate ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Event Analysis ◽  
National Audit ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
Consensus Guidance ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Audit Standards

AbstractBackground:Epistaxis is a common condition that can be associated with significant morbidity, and it places a considerable burden on our healthcare system. This national audit of management sought to assess current practice against newly created consensus recommendations and to expand our current evidence base.Methods:The management of epistaxis patients who met the inclusion criteria, at 113 registered sites across the UK, was compared with audit standards during a 30-day window. Data were further utilised for explorative analysis.Results:Data for 1826 cases were uploaded to the database, representing 94 per cent of all cases that met the inclusion criteria at participating sites. Sixty-two per cent of patients were successfully treated by ENT clinicians within 24 hours. The 30-day recurrent presentation rate across the dataset was 13.9 per cent. Significant event analysis revealed an all-cause 30-day mortality rate of 3.4 per cent.Conclusion:Audit findings demonstrate a varying alignment with consensus guidance, with explorative analysis countering some previously well-established tenets of management.

Co-offending and Co-offender Selection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah B. van Mastrigt
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
Event Planning ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Selection Of

A notable proportion of crime is committed in company, particularly during youth, but relatively little attention has been paid to the influence of co-offenders on criminal decision making. This chapter reviews current theory and research on co-offending as it relates to three aspects of offender decision making: the decision to (co)-offend, the selection of accomplices, and choices shaping the characteristics of the criminal event (planning, target selection, and seriousness). Both implicit and explicit decision making are considered, as well as situations in which the offense is premeditated and collaboration is explicitly sought after a plan has been made and situations in which the motivation to offend develops in a group of preformed individuals who become co-offenders by committing the act. The chapter concludes with a discussion of gaps in the current evidence base and directions for future research.

A Systematic Review of the Qualitative Evidence for the Use of Lifestyle Planning in People with Learning Disabilities

1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rowe ◽  
A. Rudkin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
Current Evidence Base

Lifestyle planning (LP) for people with learning disabilities is largely supported by qualitative rather than quantitative research. LP is a time-consuming and potentially resource-intensive area of practice which is becoming more prevalent in the UK. We present the first systematic review of the qualitative evidence base for the use of LP in people with learning disabilities. Such evidence concerns the special characteristics of LP and its outcomes in descriptive rather than quantitative terms. Qualitative research is usually aimed at enhancing validity by grounding theory in data collected. Twenty-one studies passed eligibility criteria for inclusion in this review, but only ten provided any outcome data, the others being concerned with process only. A replicable search strategy was employed and the resulting original data sources were critically reviewed with respect to major concepts and categories in the areas of: planning process, choices and preferences, ethics and outcomes. Explicitly person-centred approaches such as essential lifestyle planning are contrasted with more service-led methods such as individual programme planning. There are major methodological limitations in much of the available literature and suggestions for future research to clarify matters are made. The current evidence base suggests that no form of LP has significantly better outcomes than any other form and that it is not clear if LP in general enhances outcomes. Ongoing use of person centred planning in particular is informed by ethical considerations and is evolving in its structure and function.

scholarly journals Evaluating traditional and complementary medicines: Where do we go from here?

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Wenxin Lin ◽  
Aparna Ananthakrishnan ◽  
Yot Teerawattananon
Keyword(s):  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Complementary Medicines ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Guidance Note ◽  
Current Evidence Base

Abstract Traditional and complementary medicines are increasingly considered possible options for prevention and symptomatic treatment of the novel coronavirus, COVID-19. With renewed attention on these therapies from researchers and policy makers alike, the well-documented challenges of evaluating their safety and efficacy are once again of global concern. Between 2005 and 2018, the World Health Organization conducted a series of surveys, in which 88 percent of responding member states confirmed that their biggest challenge in traditional medicine was the need for technical guidance on research and evaluation. As a first step in pursuing this need, our commentary summarizes thirteen international and regional guidance documents by three broad categories on evaluating safety, efficacy, and product quality for market-based approval and distribution of these treatments. We highlight the paucity of updated international recommendations on these subjects and identify gaps that could inform the current evidence base. All available guidance note the need for evidence surrounding the efficacy of these treatments and practices but are also quick to caution against methodological difficulties in the conduct of such evaluations. Evidence suggests that improved evaluation methods on efficacy and effectiveness are crucial toward expanding future research into establishing the cost-effectiveness of these therapies, in the context of shifting acceptance, interest, and integration of traditional medicines into health systems, and as another step toward Universal Health Coverage.

Update on the effectiveness of psychotherapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents with ASD

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle C. Hunsche ◽  
Connor M. Kerns
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Individual Program ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

A growing body of research has examined the efficacy of varying formats (individual, group, linear, modular) of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) as a treatment for anxiety disorders in children and youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The present review utilized Chambless and Hollon's (1998) criteria for efficacious treatments to: (1) critically review the current evidence base for the efficacy of CBT for anxiety disorders in ASD; and (2) provide recommendations for future research. Findings identify two probably efficacious CBT programs (one group and one individual program) and five possibly efficacious programs, but no well-established programs. Similarities and differences in the components of these programs, which range from unmodified to specifically developed for ASD populations, are highlighted. In addition, the steps required to demonstrate well-established efficacy, and ultimately effectiveness, are discussed alongside other recommendations for refined future research.

Digital Health Interventions for Psychosocial Distress (Anxiety and Depression) in Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 543-549
Author(s):  
Lisa Beatty ◽  
Haryana Dhillon
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Psychosocial Distress ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Current Evidence Base

While therapist-administered psychological interventions for cancer-related distress are demonstrably effective, they have been limited by low uptake. Consequently, interest in digital health interventions for psychosocial distress in cancer has surged. This chapter outlines the current evidence base for digital health interventions for adults with cancer distress, covering (1) interventions that connect patients to one another, or to health care practitioners, and (2) patient online self-management. The chapter addresses the full treatment trajectory from diagnosis through survivorship, as well as advanced/palliative populations. While promising, this field faces notable limitations/challenges, and recommendations for future research and clinical translation are therefore discussed.

The Oxford Handbook of Autism and Co-Occurring Psychiatric Conditions

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Evidence Based Treatment ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Adults With Asd

People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are often diagnosed, and treated for, co-occurring mental health disorders. Co-occurring problems are, in fact, a primary reason for referral and treatment-seeking. Research on comorbidity and its management in youth and adults with ASD has expanded at a rapid rate over the last decade. This is the first comprehensive volume on the topic of co-occurring psychiatric conditions and symptoms in ASD. In this Handbook, internationally recognized clinical scientists synthesize the research on assessment and evidence-based treatment for a broad range of conditions as they present in ASD, from childhood through adulthood. In addition to coverage of formal diagnoses that frequently present in ASD (e.g., mood and anxiety disorders), common behavioural concerns (e.g., psychosexual and sleep problems) are also addressed. Each chapter summarizes the condition or disorder as it presents in ASD, and presents the extant research on its prevalence, developmental course, etiology, and assessment and diagnosis in the context of ASD. Each chapter also includes a summary of evidence-based treatment approaches or current best practices for intervention, as well as a case example to demonstrate application. Chapters are also included to synthesize broader issues related to co-occurring psychiatric conditions in ASD, including a historical overview and conceptual framework for co-occurring conditions in ASD, crisis management, and psychopharmacology. In sum, this handbook is comprehensive compilation of the current evidence-base and recommendations for future research to inform clinical practice related to co-occurring psychiatric conditions and symptoms in ASD.

scholarly journals A Review of Applications of Machine Learning in Mammography and Future Challenges

Oncology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sai Batchu ◽  
Fan Liu ◽  
Ahmad Amireh ◽  
Joseph Waller ◽  
Muhammad Umair
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Study Evaluation ◽  
Current Evidence Base ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Applications Of Machine Learning

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The aim of this study is to systematically review the literature to summarize the evidence surrounding the clinical utility of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of mammography. Databases from PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and Scopus were searched for relevant literature. Studies evaluating AI models in the context of prediction and diagnosis of breast malignancies that also reported conventional performance metrics were deemed suitable for inclusion. From 90 unique citations, 21 studies were considered suitable for our examination. Data was not pooled due to heterogeneity in study evaluation methods. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> Three studies showed the applicability of AI in reducing workload. Six studies demonstrated that AI can aid in diagnosis, with up to 69% reduction in false positives and an increase in sensitivity ranging from 84 to 91%. Five studies show how AI models can independently mark and classify suspicious findings on conventional scans, with abilities comparable with radiologists. Seven studies examined AI predictive potential for breast cancer and risk score calculation. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> Despite limitations in the current evidence base and technical obstacles, this review suggests AI has marked potential for extensive use in mammography. Additional works, including large-scale prospective studies, are warranted to elucidate the clinical utility of AI.

scholarly journals Camouflaging in autism: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia cook ◽  
Laura Hull ◽  
Laura Crane ◽  
William Mandy
Keyword(s):  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Autistic People ◽  
Current Evidence Base

In certain social contexts some autistic people appear behaviourally non-autistic. In recent years, this phenomenon, termed ‘camouflaging’ has driven a burgeoning body of research. The current review aimed to systematically appraise and synthesise the current evidence base pertaining to autistic camouflaging. After a systematic search of eight databases, 24 studies quantifying camouflaging in children and adults with autism diagnoses or high levels of autistic traits were reviewed. The multiple methods used to measure camouflaging broadly fell under two different approaches: internal-external discrepancy or self-report. These approaches appear to relate to two distinct but potentially connected elements of camouflaging: observable behavioural presentation and self-perceived camouflaging efforts. Whilst significant variation was noted across individual study findings, three key conclusions about the nature of autistic camouflaging emerged: (1) adults with more autistic traits report greater engagement in camouflaging; (2) sex and gender differences are evident in camouflaging; and (3) higher self-reported camouflaging is associated with increased psychological distress. However, the research base was limited with regard to participant characterisation and representativeness suggesting conclusions cannot be applied to the autistic community as a whole. We propose priorities for future research in refining the current understanding of camouflaging and improving measurement methods.

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