scholarly journals Association of Dietary Pattern, Lifestyle and Chronotype with Metabolic Syndrome in Elderly—Lessons from the Population-Based Hamburg City Health Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Claudia Terschüren ◽  
Lukas Damerau ◽  
Elina Larissa Petersen ◽  
Volker Harth ◽  
Matthias Augustin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dash Score ◽  
Dash Diet ◽  
Aging Populations

In aging populations, the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome and the resulting elevated risk of developing non-communicable diseases is a major challenge for worldwide health care. The elderly population-based Hamburg City Health Study (HCHS) allows investigating the association in the relevant age group 45–74 years. For 3513 of 10,000 participants, self-reported information on dietary patterns (DASH, MEDAS), chronotype, lifestyle, and data on metabolic syndrome parameters was available. Overall, having a “low” DASH score was a statistically significant risk factor (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.01–1.48). Only for “late” chronotype, a slightly elevated OR (1.06) was found, but no statistically significant effect on the outcome of metabolic syndrome. Still, considering chronotype vastly improved the model. However, a trend of an increasing predicted probability from early to late chronotype was found for participants with low adherence to the DASH diet. Future research should focus on options for prevention in persons with late chronotype, so they can be supported better in adherence to, e.g., DASH diet to lower their risk.

Thyroid Autoimmunity and Metabolic Syndrome: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye Jeong Kim ◽  
Sang Joon Park ◽  
Hyeong Kyu Park ◽  
Dong Won Byun ◽  
Kyoil Suh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Walking Activity ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective Recent studies have reported that thyroid hormone levels are associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) even in euthyroid subjects. However, the association between thyroid autoimmunity and MetS is uncertain. We aimed to investigate the relationship between thyroid autoimmunity and MetS in a large cohort study of euthyroid subjects. Methods A total of 4,775 participants aged ≥19 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VI (2013-2015) with anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) results and normal thyroid functions were included in this study. Subjects were grouped according to thyroid autoimmunity (positivity of TPOAb). We estimated the odds ratios (ORs) for MetS according to TPOAb positivity using logistic regression models, adjusted for potential confounders. Results Among the study subjects, 25% (n=1,206) were diagnosed with MetS. Subjects with MetS showed higher median TPOAb levels (6.3 vs 6.8 IU/mL, p<0.001) and higher positivity of TPOAb (5 vs 7%, p=0.002) than those without MetS. There was a significant difference in prevalence of MetS depending on the TPOAb positivity (25% vs 33%, p=0.002). Subjects with TPOAb positive had a significantly greater risk of abdominal obesity [OR 1.675, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.302-2.154, p<0.001], low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 1.603, 95% CI 1.244-2.066, p<0.001) and elevated blood pressure (OR 1.418, 95% CI 1.099-1.829, p=0.007), as compared to those with TPOAb negative. Positivity of TPOAb was a significant risk factor for MetS even after adjusting for confounding variables including age, sex, household income, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, walking activity, thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxine (OR 1.389, 95% CI 1.048-1.841, p=0.022). Conclusion In euthyroid subjects, thyroid autoimmunity is associated with MetS. Further large longitudinal studies are needed to clarify causality.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Bullying Victimization and Perpetration and Non-suicidal Self-injury: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Serafini ◽  
Andrea Aguglia ◽  
Andrea Amerio ◽  
Giovanna Canepa ◽  
Giulia Adavastro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bullying Victimization ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Bully Victims

AbstractExperience of bullying may be a significant risk factor for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). This study had three aims: to systematically investigate the association between bullying and NSSI, analyze the possible mechanisms underlying the two phenomena, and evaluate any differences between bullying victimization and bullying perpetration with respect to NSSI. A systematic search about the association between bullying victimization and perpetration and NSSI was conducted using specific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct). The following keywords were used in all database searches: "bullying" AND "NSSI" OR "peer victimization" and NSSI. The searches in PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct revealed a total of 88 articles about bullying or peer victimization and NSSI. However, only 29 met our inclusion criteria and were used for the present review. Overall, all studies examined victimization; four studies also evaluated the effects of perpetration and one included bully-victims. According to the main findings, both being a victim of bullying and perpetrating bullying may increase the risk of adverse psychological outcomes in terms of NSSI and suicidality in the short and the long run. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review to systematically evaluate the relation between bullying victimization/perpetration and NSSI. The main results support a positive association. Future research should evaluate the possible role of specific mediators/moderators of the association between experience of bullying and NSSI.

scholarly journals The association between obesity and depression in adults: a meta-review

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S267-S267
Author(s):  
Abdi Malik Musa ◽  
Samuele Cortese ◽  
Olivia Bloodworth
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Medical File ◽  
Depressed Adolescent ◽  
Meta Review

AimsObesity and depression are increasing in prevalence and have become key issues in the public health of the modern day. We performed a meta-review to summarise the association between obesity and depression in adults.MethodA systematic literature search was undertaken on MEDLINE, PsychINFO, EMBASE and Web of Science for systematic reviews (SRs) with or without meta-analyses (MA) on the association between obesity and depression in adults (>18 years) published before 18 September 2018. Any approach to define depressive disorders (e.g. via structured interview or code in medical file) was accepted. Likewise, any method to assess obesity was accepted. Screening, data extraction and quality assessment was completed by two reviewers independently, with a third reviewer to arbitrate any disagreement. AMSTAR 2 tool was used to assess the methodological quality and risk of bias of the pertinent SRs/MAs.ResultAfter duplicate removal, we identified 6007 potentially pertinent citations. Following, title, abstract and full-text screening, 10 studies were included in the review; nine SRs with MAs and one SR. A statistically significant association between obesity and depression was reported in all nine SRs with MAs, with odds ratios ranging from 1.18 (95% CI = 1.11-1.26) to 1.57 (95% CI = 1.53-2.01). Increased severity of obesity (body mass index over 40) was associated with a greater odds of becoming depressed. Odds of developing depression were greater for obese females, compared to obese males, but this difference was not statistically significant. Depression was shown to be a significant risk factor for future obesity in all four relevant MAs with odds ratios ranging from 1.18 (95% CI = 1.13-1.23) to 1.40 (95% CI = 1.14-1.71) . Depressed adolescent females had the highest odds of becoming obese, significantly more so than depressed adolescent males and depressed adults. The quality of the included studies were mixed with five scoring moderate quality, three low quality and two critically low quality.ConclusionThe findings suggest a reciprocal association between depression and obesity, which may be modulated by age and gender. Future research should assess the potential effect of obesity and depression severity more carefully while also exploring the underlying mechanisms. These results warrant the investigation of the effect of obesity or depression intervention on the outcomes of the other.FUNDINGThis research received no financial sponsorship.

scholarly journals Association of dietary approaches to stop hypertension eating style and risk of sarcopenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanaz Soltani ◽  
Rezvan Hashemi ◽  
Ramin Heshmat ◽  
Ahmadreza Dorosty Motlagh ◽  
Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Dash Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dash Diet ◽  
European Working ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract The association between habitual intake of the “dietary approaches to stop hypertension” (DASH) eating plan and sarcopenia has received limited attention. The present study aimed to investigate the association between adherence to DASH dietary pattern and sarcopenia and its components including muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle performance among community-dwelling older adults population. This population-based cross-sectional study was performed in 2011 among 300 older people (150 men and 150 women) aged ≥ 55 years, who were selected using cluster random sampling method. Dietary intake of study participants were examined by the use of a Block-format 117-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The DASH score was constructed based on eight main foods and nutrients emphasized or minimized in the DASH diet. All components of sarcopenia was measured using standard protocols and sarcopenia was defined based on both former and new European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) guidelines. Mean age and BMI of study participants were 66.7 ± 7.7 years and 27.3 ± 4.2 kg/m2, respectively. Totally, 31 individuals meet the criteria of EWGSOP2-sarcopenia. We found no significant association between adherence to the DASH diet and EWGSOP2-sarcopenia either before (OR 1.08; 95% CI 0.45–2.54) or after adjustment for potential confounders (OR 1.04; 95% CI 0.39–2.75). The same findings were obtained in the gender-stratified analyses (men: OR 2.29; 95% CI 0.39–13.29 and women: 0.75; 95% CI 0.23–2.45). In conclusion, we found that adherence to the DASH-style diet was not significantly associated with odds of sarcopenia. Future prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.

Lessons Learned From Our Elders: How to Study Polypharmacy in Populations With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica N. Stortz ◽  
Johanna K. Lake ◽  
Virginie Cobigo ◽  
Hélène M. J. Ouellette-Kuntz ◽  
Yona Lunsky
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
Associated Variables

Abstract Polypharmacy is the concurrent use of multiple medications, including both psychotropic and non-psychotropic drugs. Although it may sometimes be clinically indicated, polypharmacy can have a number of negative consequences, including medication nonadherence, adverse drug reactions, and undesirable drug–drug interactions. The objective of this paper was to gain a better understanding of how to study polypharmacy among people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). To do this, we reviewed literature on polypharmacy among the elderly and people with IDD to inform future research approaches and methods on polypharmacy in people with IDD. Results identified significant variability in methods used to study polypharmacy, including definitions of polypharmacy, samples studied, analytic strategies, and variables included in the analyses. Four valuable methodological lessons to strengthen future polypharmacy research in individuals with IDD emerged. These included the use of consistent definitions of polypharmacy, the implementation of population-based sampling strategies, the development of clinical guidelines, and the importance of studying associated variables.

Epidemiologic study of risk factors for meningioma in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2067-2067
Author(s):  
Alissa Butts ◽  
Jeremy A. Syrjanen ◽  
Jeremiah Aakre ◽  
Paul D. Brown ◽  
Clifford R. Jack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mayo Clinic ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Clinic Study

2067 Background: An estimated 2% of the general population has a meningioma (Vernooij et al. 2007), which accounts for about 36% of all primary intracranial tumors (Ostrom et al. 2015). The most established risk factors are older age and female gender. One small study identified gender but no other risk factors with meningioma (Krampla et al 2004). A larger study using the Iowa Women’s Health study data found lower levels of physical activity, greater body mass index (BMI), greater height and uterine fibroids were associated with meningioma (Johnson et al. 2011). We sought to replicate these findings and to identify additional risk factors related to meningioma in a large population-based sample. Methods: Study participants were enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging (MCSA), a population-based sample of Olmsted County, Minnesota residents used to study prevalence, incidence, and risk-factors for Mild Cognitive Impairment and dementia and includes a variety of medical factors. Using a text search of radiologists’ notes of 2,402 MCSA individuals, mean age 77±8 years and scanned between 2004-2014.We identified 52 subjects who had at least one meningioma. We estimated the association of selected potential risk factors with presence of meningioma using odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals from logistic regression models adjusted for age and gender, which informed the multivariable models. Results: In the initial models, significant risk factors identified included BMI (as a continuous variable) (OR = 1.06 95%CI 1.01 to 1.12), taking NSAIDS (OR = 2.11, 95%CI 1.13 to 3.95), aspirin (OR = 1.90, 95%CI 1.04 to 3.46), and blood pressure lowering medication (OR = 2.06, 95%CI 1.07 to 3.99). Protective factors included male gender (OR = 0.51, 95%CI 0.29 to 0.90), coronary artery disease (CAD; OR = 0.46, 95%CI 0.22 to 0.97) and higher Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) total score (OR = 0.88, 95%CI 0.78 to 0.98). Simultaneous adjustment for these factors in a multivariable model did not attenuate these associations. Conclusions: Findings reveal gender and BMI as risk factors for meningioma. Additionally, certain medications such as NSAIDS and BP lowering medications warrant follow up as potential factors related to development of meningioma.

Civil Protective Order Effectiveness: Justice or Just a Piece of Paper?

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
TK Logan ◽  
Robert T Walker
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Protective Order ◽  
Protective Orders ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Future Harm

Many victims, victim advocates, and even law enforcement believe that protective orders are “just a piece of paper,” suggesting that they do not work or are not effective. This study examined protective order effectiveness by following 210 women for 6 months after obtaining a protective order. There are four main themes that were identified from the study results. First, protective orders were not violated for half of the women in the sample during the 6-month follow-up period. Second, even among those who experienced violations, there were significant reductions in abuse and violence. Third, overall, women were less fearful of future harm from the PO partner at the 6-month follow-up, and a vast majority felt the protective order was fairly or extremely effective. Fourth, stalking emerges as a significant risk factor for protective order violations, sustained fear, and lower perceived effectiveness of the protective order. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

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