scholarly journals Knowledge-Based Recommendation for On-Demand Mapping: Application to Nautical Charts

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 786
Author(s):  
Bilal Koteich ◽  
Éric Saux ◽  
Wissame Laddada
Keyword(s):  
Description Logics ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Context Of Use ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Machine Readable ◽  
Representation Of Knowledge

Maps have long been seen as a single cartographic product for different uses, with the user having to adapt their interpretation to his or her own needs. On-demand mapping reverses this paradigm in that it is the map that adapts to the user’s needs and context of use. Still often manual and reserved for professionals, on-demand mapping is evolving toward an automation of its processes and a democratization of its use. An on-demand mapping service is a chain of several consecutive steps leading to a target map that precisely meets the needs and requirements of a user. This article addresses the issue of selecting relevant thematic layers with a specific context of use. We propose a knowledge-based recommendation approach that aims to guide a cartographer through the process of map-making. Our system is based on high- and low-level ontologies, the latter modeling the concepts specific to different types of maps targeted. By focusing on maritime maps, we address the representation of knowledge in this context of use, where recommendations rely on axiomatic and rule-based reasoning. For this purpose, we choose description logics as a formalism for knowledge representation in order to make cartographic knowledge machine readable.

scholarly journals Enhancing Lazy Grounding with Lazy Normalization in Answer-Set Programming

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 2694-2702
Author(s):  
Jori Bomanson ◽  
Tomi Janhunen ◽  
Antonius Weinzierl
Keyword(s):  
Asymptotic Behavior ◽  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Answer Set Programming ◽  
Expressive Power ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Representation Formalism ◽  
Answer Set

Answer-Set Programming (ASP) is an expressive rule-based knowledge-representation formalism. Lazy grounding is a solving technique that avoids the well-known grounding bottleneck of traditional ASP evaluation but is restricted to normal rules, severely limiting its expressive power. In this work, we introduce a framework to handle aggregates by normalizing them on demand during lazy grounding, hence relieving the restrictions of lazy grounding significantly. We term our approach as lazy normalization and demonstrate its feasibility for different types of aggregates. Asymptotic behavior is analyzed and correctness of the presented lazy normalizations is shown. Benchmark results indicate that lazy normalization can bring up-to exponential gains in space and time as well as enable ASP to be used in new application areas.

Who Finds what in Usability Evaluation

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (19) ◽  
pp. 1341-1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limin Fu ◽  
Gavriel Salvendy ◽  
Lori Turley
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
User Performance ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Usability Problems ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Different Levels

For different levels of user performance, different types of information are processed and users will make different types of errors. Based on the error's immediate cause and the information being processed, usability problems can be classified into three categories. They are usability problems associated with skill-based, rule-based, knowledge-based levels of performance. In this paper, a user interface for a Web-based software program was evaluated by two groups - human factor experts and users. The experiment discovered that human factor experts are more effective than users in identifying usability problems associated with skill-based and rule-based levels of performance. Users are more effective than human factor experts in finding usability problems associated with the knowledge-based level of performance. The practical application of this research is also discussed in the paper.

Representing wine concepts: A hybrid approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-491
Author(s):  
M. Cristina Amoretti ◽  
Marcello Frixione
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Geometric Representation ◽  
Conceptual Spaces ◽  
Geographical Indication ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Quality Dimensions ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Degree Of Similarity ◽  
Representation Of Knowledge

Wines with geographical indication can be classified and represented by such features as designations of origin, producers, vintage years, alcoholic strength, and grape varieties; these features allow us to define wines in terms of a set of necessary and/or sufficient conditions. However, wines can also be identified by other characteristics, involving their look, smell, and taste; in this case, it is hard to define wines in terms of necessary and/or sufficient conditions, as wine concepts exhibit typicality effects. This is a setback for the design of computer science ontologies aiming to represent wine concepts, since knowledge representation formalisms commonly adopted in this field do not allow for the representation of concepts in terms of typical traits. To solve this problem, we propose to adopt a hybrid approach in which ontology-oriented formalisms are combined with a geometric representation of knowledge based on conceptual spaces. As in conceptual spaces, concepts are identified in terms of a number of quality dimensions. In order to determine those relevant for wine representation, we use the terminology developed by the Italian Association of Sommeliers to describe wines. This will allow us to understand typicality effects about wines, determine prototypes and better exemplars, and measure the degree of similarity between different wines.

scholarly journals ABSTRACT STRUCTURE OF CONFIGURATION SYSTEM FOR PRODUCT DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Aviation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linas Burneika
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Product Data Management ◽  
Data Management System ◽  
Product Data ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Configuration System ◽  
Abstract Structure ◽  
Product Data Management System ◽  
Representation Of Knowledge

A product configurator is a system providing questions and sets of possible answers about products with sets of possible answers. This paper proposes a new idea for a configurator in which information about products are expressed as a structured net of interconnected classes of different types. Classes hold information about assemblies, product structural links, and logical constraints. Some classes have references to technical data on a product data management (PDM) system. Such a system allows flexible representation of knowledge about product configurations for production of aviation equipment. Santrauka Gaminio konfigūratorius yra programinė sistema, pateikianti klausimus apie produktą su galimais pasirinkimų variantais. Šiame darbe pasiūlyta nauja konfigūratoriaus idėja ir pateiktas konfigūracijų aprašo modelis. Šis modelis buvo kuriamas taip, kad juo būtų galima aprašyti realius, dažnai tobulinamus ir sudėtingos sandaros gaminius. Modelyje informacija apie gaminį pateikiama kaip tarpusavyje sujungtų įvairių klasių tinklas. Modelio klasėse saugoma informacija apie gaminio junginius, komponentų ryšius ir loginius apribojimus. Siūlomas konfigūracijų aprašo modelis leidžia lanksčiai perteikti inžinerines žinias apie įvairių gaminių, tarp jų ir aviacijos reikmėms skirtų gaminių, variantus.

The Relationships Between Data, Information and Knowledge Based on a Preliminary Study of Engineering Designers

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeema Ahmed ◽  
Luciënne Blessing ◽  
Ken Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Aerospace Industry ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Initial Results

Abstract The aerospace industry, along with other industries, has acknowledged the need to bridge the experience gap between novice and experienced designers [Moore, 1997]. The research aims to identify the support a novice designer requires to gain experience faster. The focus of this paper is to present some initial results of a study of novice and experienced designers. This initial study highlighted the difficulty in establishing consistent and precise usage for the terms data, information and knowledge. It is concluded that data, information and knowledge are relative concepts that cannot be defined in absolute terms. As relative concepts, these help differentiate experts and novices, and different types of novices. The relationships between data, information and knowledge are examined with the aim of prompting a discussion.

scholarly journals Why People Who Know Less Think They Know about COVID-19: Evidence from US and Singapore

2021 ◽  
pp. 107769902110494
Author(s):  
Sangwon Lee ◽  
Masahiro Yamamoto ◽  
Edson C. Tandoc
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Factual Knowledge ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
Subjective Knowledge ◽  
Types Of Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Main Effects

This study explores the effects of traditional media and social media on different types of knowledge about COVID-19. We also explore how surveillance motivation moderates the relationship between media use and different types of knowledge. Based on cross-national data from Singapore and the United States, we find that news seeking via social media is negatively related to factual knowledge and positively related to subjective knowledge and knowledge miscalibration. News seeking via traditional media is not significantly related to factual knowledge. Although the main effects are highly consistent across the two countries, we find some different interaction patterns across these countries.

scholarly journals ENZYME EVOLUTION: I. THE IMPORTANCE OF UNTRANSLATABLE INTERMEDIATES

Genetics ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-316
Author(s):  
Arthur L Koch
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constants ◽  
Enzyme Evolution ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Mutational Change ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Haploid Species ◽  
Sufficient Magnitude ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The Times ◽  
Mutant Forms

ABSTRACT The proportion of two allelic mutant forms of a haploid species can be calculated from six quantities, the original proportion, the two effective growth rate constants, the two mutation rate constants for the transition from one to the other, and the elapsed time. With a program for carrying out this calculation in a mini-computer, we set about investigating the rates of exploration of multiple intragene changes in populations of enormous numbers over a large number of cell generations. It seemed evident from the outset that unless in the past very different proportions of the different types of mutational changes occurred, then neither the numbers nor the times could have been of sufficient magnitude to account for enzyme evolution by multiple simultaneous changes within a gene to yield a superior protein. Rather, we propose that the more rapid path of enzyme evolution consisted of the sequence: 1) gene duplication, 2) inactivation of a gene copy by a chain-terminating mutation or other mutational change which suppresses transcription and/or translation, 3) multiple base-pair changes and/or small deletions and additions within the non-functioning gene, and finally, 4) reversion of the mutation which was suppressing translation. It is shown that this path will lead to faster advance, if the selective advantages of different forms are dependent on the function of the gene products at certain times in history, while at other times, although this function may be necessary, it is not limiting for growth.

scholarly journals Knowledge-based Algorithms for BDI-agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-453
Author(s):  
Nikolay Vyacheslavovich Shilov ◽  
Natalia Olegovna Garanina
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Algorithm ◽  
Cooperative Work ◽  
Bdi Agents ◽  
Resource Center ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Rational Algorithm ◽  
Available Resources

Multiagent algorithm is a knowledge-based distributed algorithm that solves some problems by means of cooperative work of agents. From an individual agent's perspective, a multiagent algorithm is a reactive and proactive knowledge/believe-based rational algorithm aimed to achieve an agent's own desires. In the paper we study a couple of knowledge-based multiagent algorithms. One particular algorithm is for a system consisting of agents that arrive one by one (in a non-deterministic order) to a resource center to rent (for a while) one of available desired resources. Available resources are passive, they form a cloud; each of the available resources is lent on demand if there is no race for this resource and returns to the cloud after use. Agents also form a cloud but leave the cloud immediately when they rent a desired resource. The problem is to design a knowledge-based multiagent algorithm, which allows each arriving agent eventually to rent some of desired resources (without race for these resources).

scholarly journals ONTOLOGY-BASED WEB TOOLS FOR RETRIEVING PHOTOGRAMMETRIC CULTURAL HERITAGE MODELS

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W10 ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ben Ellefi ◽  
P. Drap ◽  
O. Papini ◽  
D. Merad ◽  
J. P. Royer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Web Tools ◽  
Domain Specific Knowledge ◽  
Visualization Systems ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Machine Readable ◽  
Associated Knowledge

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> A key challenge in cultural heritage (CH) sites visualization is to provide models and tools that effectively integrate the content of a CH data with domain-specific knowledge so that the users can query, interpret and consume the visualized information. Moreover, it is important that the intelligent visualization systems are interoperable in the semantic web environment and thus, capable of establishing a methodology to acquire, integrate, analyze, generate and share numeric contents and associated knowledge in human and machine-readable Web. In this paper, we present a model, a methodology and a software Web-tools that support the coupling of the 2D/3D Web representation with the knowledge graph database of <i>Xlendi</i> shipwreck. The Web visualization tools and the knowledge-based techniques are married into a photogrammetry driven ontological model while at the same time, user-friendly web tools for querying and semantic consumption of the shipwreck information are introduced.</p>

A Knowledge Based Automatic Pipe Routing System

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Jain ◽  
M. Chatterjee ◽  
A. Unemori ◽  
N. Thangam
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Compact Representation ◽  
Routing Problem ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Intelligent Search ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Embedded Design ◽  
Pipe Routing ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Significant Attention

Abstract The pipe routing problem, wherein layout of one or more pipes has to be decided in a 3-dimensional space while satisfying several different types of constraints, has attracted significant attention recently. This paper describes a knowledge-based automated pipe routing system which generates practical routes that meet several diverse criteria. The system employs intelligent search (with embedded design constraints) upon a compact representation of the free space in a facility, thus avoiding expensive interference checks and adjustments that must be performed in some of the other systems.

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