scholarly journals The Expression of BNP, ET-1, and TGF-β1 in Myocardium of Rats with Ventricular Arrhythmias

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 5845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian ◽  
Xiao ◽  
Xue ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Type I ◽  
Rat Myocardium ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tgf Β1

Ventricular arrhythmia (VA) is a major component of sudden cardiac death (SCD). To investigate the expression of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) during VA, we established a rat model of VA induced by BaCl2 solution through a microinjector pump. PD142893 (ET-1 receptor blocker) and SB431542 (TGF-β1 receptor type I blocker) were used to explore the effect of ET-1 and TGF-β1 on BNP expression in the myocardium after VA. BNP, ET-1, and TGF-β1 in rat myocardium were assayed by western blot and immunohistochemical staining for proteins, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for mRNAs. We found increased expression of BNP and ET-1 in rat myocardium that was associated with the duration of VA. However, TGF-β1 protein expression remained unchanged. Such early increases in BNP and ET-1 may be attributed to fatal arrhythmias associated with SCD, suggesting these may be novel biomarkers of this disease. After intraperitoneal injection of PD142893 and SB431542, respectively, BNP was downregulated in the myocardium of the left ventricle; however, this was abrogated by co-application of the two inhibitors. These results suggested that both ET-1 and TGF-β1, by specifically binding to their receptors, might be involved in the myocardial synthesis of BNP during VA in vivo.

scholarly journals IN VIVO EFFICACY OF TOPICAL BINAHONG (ANREDERA CORDIFOLIA (TEN.) STEENIS) LEAF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT ON TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA 1 IN INFECTED WOUNDS

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
RIZKI ANDINI NAWAWI ◽  
MUHAMMAD TOTONG KAMALUDDIN ◽  
THEODORUS
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Infected Wounds ◽  
Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Tgf Β1

Objective: This study’s aim was to assess the efficacy of topical Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) leaf ethanolic extract administration on serum transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) in infected wounds. Methods: An experimental study, in vivo, was conducted in the Biotechnology Laboratory and Animal House, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, from July to September 2020. There were 30 male Wistar rats aged 10–12 weeks with excisional wounds infected with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The rats were divided into five groups and received three concentrations of Binahong leaf extracts (2.5%, 5%, and 10%), salve base, and povidone iodine 10% topically twice daily for 14 days. Serum was obtained before treatment and after 14 days of treatment. Wound area and bacterial count were also recorded and analyzed. Data analysis was performed using computer software. Results: Wound size and bacterial count were significantly decreased in treatment groups receiving topical Binahong leaf ethanolic extract. No significant increase in serum TGF-β1 was observed in all treatment groups. Conclusion: Topical administration of Binahong leaf ethanolic extract on rats with infected wounds for 14 days did not significantly increase serum TGF-β1.

scholarly journals MicroRNA-195-5p Downregulation Inhibits Endothelial Mesenchymal Transition and Myocardial Fibrosis in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Targeting Smad7 and Inhibiting Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1-Smads-Snail Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaisheng Ding ◽  
Jianhui Yao ◽  
Hongxiang Xie ◽  
Chengyu Wang ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Fibrosis ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Collagen Deposition ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Endothelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Tgf Β1

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a complication of diabetes mellitus, which is associated with fibrosis and microRNAs (miRs). This study estimated the mechanism of miR-195-5p in endothelial mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and myocardial fibrosis in DCM. After the establishment of DCM rat models, miR-195-5p was silenced by miR-195-5p antagomir. The cardiac function-related indexes diastolic left ventricular anterior wall (LVAW, d), systolic LVAW (d), diastolic left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW, d), systolic LVPW (d), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and fractional shortening (FS) were measured and miR-195-5p expression in myocardial tissue was detected. Myocardial fibrosis, collagen deposition, and levels of fibrosis markers were detected. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to high glucose (HG) and miR-195-5p was silenced. The levels of fibrosis proteins, endothelial markers, fibrosis markers, EndMT markers, and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)/Smads pathway-related proteins were measured in HUVECs. The interaction between miR-195-5p and Smad7 was verified. In vivo, miR-195-5p was highly expressed in the myocardium of DCM rats. Diastolic and systolic LVAW, diastolic and systolic LVPW were increased and LVEF and FS were decreased. Inhibition of miR-195-5p reduced cardiac dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis, collagen deposition, and EndMT, promoted CD31 and VE-cadehrin expressions, and inhibited α-SMA and vimentin expressions. In vitro, HG-induced high expression of miR-195-5p and the expression changes of endothelial markers CD31, VE-cadehrin and fibrosis markers α-SMA and vimentin were consistent with those in vivo after silencing miR-195-5p. In mechanism, miR-195-5p downregulation blocked EndMT by inhibiting TGF-β1-smads pathway. Smad7 was the direct target of miR-195-5p and silencing miR-195-5p inhibited EndMT by promoting Smad7 expression. Collectively, silencing miR-195-5p inhibits TGF-β1-smads-snail pathway by targeting Smad7, thus inhibiting EndMT and alleviating myocardial fibrosis in DCM.

scholarly journals TGF-β Pathway in Salivary Gland Fibrosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 9138
Author(s):  
Xianglan Zhang ◽  
Jun Seop Yun ◽  
Dawool Han ◽  
Jong In Yook ◽  
Hyun Sil Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Post Radiation ◽  
Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
In Vivo Delivery ◽  
Tgf Β1

Fibrosis is presented in various physiologic and pathologic conditions of the salivary gland. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis in several organs, including the salivary glands. Among the TGF-β superfamily members, TGF-β1 and 2 are pro-fibrotic ligands, whereas TGF-β3 and some bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are anti-fibrotic ligands. TGF-β1 is thought to be associated with the pro-fibrotic pathogenesis of sialadenitis, post-radiation salivary gland dysfunction, and Sjögren’s syndrome. Potential therapeutic strategies that target multiple levels in the TGF-β pathway are under preclinical and clinical research for fibrosis. Despite the anti-fibrotic effect of BMPs, their in vivo delivery poses a challenge in terms of adequate clinical efficacy. In this article, we will review the relevance of TGF-β signaling in salivary gland fibrosis and advances of potential therapeutic options in the field.

scholarly journals Differential regulation of transforming growth factor beta and interleukin 2 genes in human T cells: demonstration by usage of novel competitor DNA constructs in the quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

1991 ◽  
Vol 174 (5) ◽  
pp. 1259-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Li ◽  
P K Sehajpal ◽  
A Khanna ◽  
H Vlassara ◽  
A Cerami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Tgf Beta ◽  
Human T Cells ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The regulation of mRNA encoding transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) in normal human T cells was explored using novel competitor DNA constructs in the quantitative polymerase chain reaction and accessory cell-independent T cell activation models. Our experimental design revealed the following: (a) TGF-beta mRNA and IL-2 mRNA are regulated differentially in normal human T cells, quiescent or signaled with the synergistic combinations of: sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol and ionomycin or anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and anti-CD2 mAb; (b) the steady-state level of TGF-beta mRNA in the stimulated T cells, in contrast to that of IL-2 mRNA, is increased by the immunosuppressant cyclosporine (CsA); and (c) the paradoxical effect of CsA on TGF-beta mRNA levels is also appreciable at the level of production of functionally active TGF-beta protein. Our findings, in addition to demonstrating the utility of the competitor DNA constructs for the precise quantification of immunoregulatory cytokines, suggest a novel and unifying mechanistic basis for the immunosuppression and some of the complications (e.g., renal fibrosis) associated with CsA usage.

Effect of a Porous Suture Containing Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 on Healing After Rotator Cuff Repair in a Rat Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652110285
Author(s):  
Jong Pil Yoon ◽  
Hun-Min Kim ◽  
Jin-Hyun Choi ◽  
Hae Rim Kang ◽  
Dong Hyun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Rotator Cuff Repair ◽  
Animal Experiment ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Cuff Repair ◽  
Tgf Β1

Background: The healing failure rate after rotator cuff repair is considerably high. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of a porous suture containing transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) on the sustained release of TGF-β1 and rotator cuff healing in a rat model. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A porous suture was developed, and its tensile strength was measured. TGF-β1 was delivered using the porous suture, and a TGF-β1 release test and human fibroblast proliferation assay were performed. For the animal experiment, 30 rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups (n = 10 each). A bilateral supraspinatus tendon tear was made in all the rats, and repair was performed. Group 1 received repair only; group 2, repair and a single injection of TGF-β1; and group 3, repair using the porous suture containing TGF-β1. Eight weeks after repair, biomechanical and histological analyses were performed. Results: The porous suture was successfully developed with mechanical properties compatible with the conventional suture, and the sustained release of TGF-β1 from the porous suture was confirmed. In addition, the cell proliferation assay confirmed the biological safety of the porous suture. In the animal experiment, group 3 biomechanically exhibited the largest cross-sectional area and the highest ultimate failure load and ultimate stress (all P < .05). Histological examination revealed that group 3 showed significantly better collagen fiber density and tendon-to-bone maturation than did groups 1 and 2 (all P < .05). Conclusion: The porous suture containing TGF-β1 could sustainedly and safely release TGF-β1, and its use during rotator cuff repair could improve rotator cuff healing, as assessed on the basis of the biomechanical and histological changes in the rat model in this study. Considering the effectiveness, safety, and convenience of the porous suture without extra effort in surgery, the findings of the present study will have a far-reaching effect on the treatment of rotator cuff tears. Clinical Relevance: The porous suture containing TGF-β1 might improve healing after rotator cuff repair.

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