scholarly journals Non-Starch Polysaccharides in Durum Wheat: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Marcotuli ◽  
Pasqualina Colasuonno ◽  
Yves S. Y. Hsieh ◽  
Geoffrey B. Fincher ◽  
Agata Gadaleta
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Enhanced Absorption ◽  
Dietary Component ◽  
Glucan Synthesis ◽  
Physiological Benefits

Durum wheat is one of most important cereal crops that serves as a staple dietary component for humans and domestic animals. It provides antioxidants, proteins, minerals and dietary fibre, which have beneficial properties for humans, especially as related to the health of gut microbiota. Dietary fibre is defined as carbohydrate polymers that are non-digestible in the small intestine. However, this dietary component can be digested by microorganisms in the large intestine and imparts physiological benefits at daily intake levels of 30–35 g. Dietary fibre in cereal grains largely comprises cell wall polymers and includes insoluble (cellulose, part of the hemicellulose component and lignin) and soluble (arabinoxylans and (1,3;1,4)-β-glucans) fibre. More specifically, certain components provide immunomodulatory and cholesterol lowering activity, faecal bulking effects, enhanced absorption of certain minerals, prebiotic effects and, through these effects, reduce the risk of type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer. Thus, dietary fibre is attracting increasing interest from cereal processors, producers and consumers. Compared with other components of the durum wheat grain, fibre components have not been studied extensively. Here, we have summarised the current status of knowledge on the genetic control of arabinoxylan and (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan synthesis and accumulation in durum wheat grain. Indeed, the recent results obtained in durum wheat open the way for the improvement of these important cereal quality parameters.

scholarly journals Effect of cultivation system on quality changes in durum wheat grain and flour produced in North-Eastern Europe

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0236617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Katarzyna Banach ◽  
Katarzyna Majewska ◽  
Krystyna Żuk-Gołaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Flour Quality ◽  
Study Results ◽  
North Eastern

Grain of the highest hardness was produced from durum wheat grown without the use of growth regulator, at the lowest sowing density (350 seeds m-2) and nitrogen fertilization dose of 80 kg ha-1. The highest values L* and b* were determined in the grain of wheat cultivated without additional agrotechnical measures (growth regulator and nitrogen fertilization). Study results, supported by correlation analysis, indicated that high-quality grain with desired flour quality parameters (level of: FER ≈ 64%; FPS ≈ 98%; L* ≈ 92) can be produced from spring durum wheat grown without the growth regulator and at 80 kg·ha-1 nitrogen fertilization. Additionally, this variant of applied cultivation system can reduce costs of durum wheat production and contamination of the natural environment.

scholarly journals Effect of cultivation system on quality changes in durum wheat grain and flour produced in North-Eastern Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna K. Banach ◽  
Katarzyna Majewska ◽  
Krystyna Żuk-Gołaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Parameters Extraction ◽  
Study Results ◽  
North Eastern

AbstractGrain of the highest hardness was produced from durum wheat grown without the growth regulator, at the lowest sowing density (350 seeds m-2) and nitrogen fertilization dose of 80 kg ha-1. The highest values L* and b* were determined in the grain of wheat cultivated without additional agrotechnical measures (growth regulator and nitrogen fertilization). Study results, supported by correlation analysis, indicated that high-quality grain with desired flour quality parameters (extraction rate, granulation and lightness) can be produced from spring durum wheat grown without the growth regulator and at medium doses of nitrogen fertilization. Additionally, this variant of applied cultivation system can reduce costs of durum wheat production and contamination of the natural environment.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake In Adult Female Coeliac Disease Patients In Slovenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Aja Kocuvan Mijatov ◽  
Dušanka Mičetić-Turk
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Inorganic Substances

Abstract Objectives The aim of the study was to assess dietary intake of coeliac disease (CD) patients and to determine if they are meeting the dietary reference values for a balanced diet. Subjects/Methods 40 women with CD, aged from 23 to 76 participated in our study. Total daily intake was assessed by a three-day food diary. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was calculated using Harris-Benedict equation. Considering physical activity level (PAL) 1.4, the recommended total energy expenditure (TEE) value was determined. The data was evaluated with professional evaluation software Prodi and statistically analysed. Results 40 participants returned the food diary. The average energy intake was significantly too low to ensure the meeting of all-day energy needs (p<0.05). The meals contained a recommended proportion of protein, but a statistically significantly higher proportion of fat (p<0.05), lower proportion of carbohydrates and a significantly lower intake of dietary fibre (p<0.05). Regarding macro-, micro- elements and vitamins, there was a significant lack in the intake of calcium and iodine, folic acid, vitamin D and vitamin A (p<0.05), meanwhile iron intake was at the lower limit of the recommended intake, whereas zinc, potassium and vitamin K intake were significantly higher according to the recommended values, but were comparable with the intake of the general population in the Central European area. Conclusion Even in subjects with adequate or low daily energy intake, their meals contained too much fat, too few carbohydrates and dietary fibre as well as inorganic substances. The patients with CD should get regular nutritional monitoring and education on the quality and balance of a gluten-free diet.

Mineral composition of durum wheat grain and pasta under increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations

2018 ◽  
Vol 242 ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romina Beleggia ◽  
Mariagiovanna Fragasso ◽  
Franco Miglietta ◽  
Luigi Cattivelli ◽  
Valeria Menga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 Concentrations

scholarly journals Cd concentration of durum wheat grain as influenced by soil salinity

2019 ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
Faruk ÖZKUTLU ◽  
Şevket Metin KARA
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Wheat Grain

scholarly journals Wholegrain Durum Wheat Bread Fortified With Citrus Fibers: Evaluation of Quality Parameters During Long Storage

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfio Spina ◽  
Selina Brighina ◽  
Serena Muccilli ◽  
Agata Mazzaglia ◽  
Simona Fabroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Wheat Bread ◽  
Long Storage

scholarly journals Durum Wheat Breeding in the Mediterranean Region: Current Status and Future Prospects

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis N. Xynias ◽  
Ioannis Mylonas ◽  
Evangelos G. Korpetis ◽  
Elissavet Ninou ◽  
Aphrodite Tsaballa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mediterranean

This brief historical review focuses on durum wheat domestication and breeding in the Mediterranean region. Important milestones in durum wheat breeding programs across the countries of the Mediterranean basin before and after the Green Revolution are discussed. Additionally, the main achievements of the classical breeding methodology are presented using a comparison of old and new cultivars. Furthermore, current breeding goals and challenges are analyzed. An overview of classical breeding methods in combination with current molecular techniques and tools for cultivar development is presented. Important issues of seed quality are outlined, focusing on protein and characteristics that affect human health and are connected with the consumption of wheat end-products.

scholarly journals Yield and Quality Performance of Traditional and Improved Bread and Durum Wheat Varieties under Two Conservation Tillage Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Ruiz ◽  
Encarna Zambrana ◽  
Rosario Fite ◽  
Aida Sole ◽  
Jose Luis Tenorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Wheat Varieties

The increasing spread of conservation agriculture demands that the next generation of wheat varieties includes cultivars capable of maintaining satisfactory yields with lower inputs and under uncertain climate scenarios. On the basis of the genetic gains achieved during decades of selection oriented to yield improvements under conventional crop management, it is important that novel breeding targets are defined and addressed. Grain yield, yield-related traits, and phenological and morphological characteristics, as well as functional quality parameters have been analyzed for six varieties each of bread and durum wheat, under minimum tillage and no-tillage. During the three-year experiment, the climatic conditions at the field trial site were characterized by low rainfall, although different degrees of aridity—from moderate to severe—were experienced. Differences were found between these two soil management practices in regard to the varieties’ yield stability. A positive influence of no-tillage on traits related to grain and biomass yield was also evidenced, and some traits among the examined seemed involved in varietal adaptation to a particular non-conventional tillage system. The study also confirmed some breeding targets for improved performance of wheat genotypes in conservation agroecosystems. These traits were represented in the small set of traditional varieties analysed.

scholarly journals Iodine Biofortification of Vegetables Could Improve Iodine Supplementation Status

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1574
Author(s):  
Eva Duborská ◽  
Martin Urík ◽  
Martin Šeda
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Table Salt ◽  
Excess Iodine ◽  
Iodine Supplementation ◽  
The Subject

Iodine is an essential trace element for both humans and animals. It is essential to produce important hormones by the thyroid gland. In most inland areas, the soils are iodine deficient and its amount is insufficient to produce agricultural crops with adequate iodine content to cover the recommended daily intake. In connection with the occurrence of iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs), it has been the subject of intensive research in the past. However, following the introduction of iodized table salt in the food industry, problems related to IDD were not solved and studies on iodine mobility and bioavailability from soils are rare even today and have remained insufficiently investigated. In many countries, mainly in Europe, the prescription rate of medicaments used to treat goiter is still high. Thus, there are a considerable amount of studies looking for alternative methods for iodine supplementation in foodstuffs among the use of iodized table salt. In most cases, the subject of these studies are agricultural crops. This mini review presents the consequences of inadequate and excess iodine intake, the current status of iodine supplementation and the most recent alternative methods of the application of iodine in agriculture and its effect on the quality of used plant species.

scholarly journals Anthocyanins Potentially Contribute to Defense against Alzheimer’s Disease

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 4255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Afzal ◽  
Amina Redha ◽  
Redha AlHasan
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Amyloid Peptides ◽  
Nitrogen Reactive Species ◽  
Relationship Of

Anthocyanins (ANTs) are plant pigments that belong to a flavanol class of polyphenols and have diverse pharmacological properties. These compounds are primarily found in fruits and vegetables, with an average daily intake of 180 mgd−1 of these compounds in the developed world. ANTs are potent antioxidants that might regulate the free radical-mediated generation of amyloid peptides (Abeta-amyloids) in the brain, which causes Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study presents a literature review of ANTs from different berries and their potential therapeutic value, with particular emphasis on neurodegenerative AD, which owing to oxidative stress. This review also highlights reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through energy metabolism, nitrogen reactive species, the role of transition metals in generating ROS, and the radical-quenching mechanisms of natural antioxidants, including ANTs. The current status of the bioavailability, solubility, and structure activity relationship of ANTs is discussed herein.

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