scholarly journals Phloem Exudate Protein Profiles during Drought and Recovery Reveal Abiotic Stress Responses in Tomato Vasculature

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4461
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Ogden ◽  
Jishnu J. Bhatt ◽  
Heather M. Brewer ◽  
Jack Kintigh ◽  
Samwel M. Kariuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
Protein Profiles ◽  
Phloem Exudate ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
Phloem Sap

Drought is the leading cause of agricultural yield loss among all abiotic stresses, and the link between water deficit and phloem protein contents is relatively unexplored. Here we collected phloem exudates from Solanum lycopersicum leaves during periods of drought stress and recovery. Our analysis identified 2558 proteins, the most abundant of which were previously localized to the phloem. Independent of drought, enrichment analysis of the total phloem exudate protein profiles from all samples suggests that the protein content of phloem sap is complex, and includes proteins that function in chaperone systems, branched-chain amino acid synthesis, trehalose metabolism, and RNA silencing. We observed 169 proteins whose abundance changed significantly within the phloem sap, either during drought or recovery. Proteins that became significantly more abundant during drought include members of lipid metabolism, chaperone-mediated protein folding, carboxylic acid metabolism, abscisic acid signaling, cytokinin biosynthesis, and amino acid metabolism. Conversely, proteins involved in lipid signaling, sphingolipid metabolism, cell wall organization, carbohydrate metabolism, and a mitogen-activated protein kinase are decreased during drought. Our experiment has achieved an in-depth profiling of phloem sap protein contents during drought stress and recovery that supports previous findings and provides new evidence that multiple biological processes are involved in drought adaptation.

scholarly journals Role of the DksA-Like Protein in the Pathogenesis and Diverse Metabolic Activity of Campylobacter jejuni

2008 ◽  
Vol 190 (13) ◽  
pp. 4512-4520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiae Yun ◽  
Byeonghwa Jeon ◽  
Yi-Wen Barton ◽  
Paul Plummer ◽  
Qijing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Regulatory Role ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
Metabolic Reactions

ABSTRACT DksA is well known for its regulatory role in the transcription of rRNA and genes involved in amino acid synthesis in many bacteria. DksA has also been reported to control expression of virulence genes in pathogenic bacteria. Here, we elucidated the roles of a DksA-like protein (CJJ81176_0160, Cj0125c) in the pathogenesis of Campylobacter jejuni. As in other bacteria, transcription of stable RNA was repressed by the DksA-like protein under stress conditions in C. jejuni. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of C. jejuni 81-176 and an isogenic mutant lacking the DksA-like protein showed differential expression of many genes involved in amino acid metabolism, iron-related metabolism, and other metabolic reactions. Also, the C. jejuni DksA-like protein mutant exhibited a decreased ability to invade intestinal cells and induce release of interleukin-8 from intestinal cells. These results suggest that the DksA-like protein plays an important regulatory role in diverse metabolic events and the virulence of C. jejuni.

scholarly journals Soybean Toxin (SBTX) Impairs Fungal Growth by Interfering with Molecular Transport, Carbohydrate/Amino Acid Metabolism and Drug/Stress Responses

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e70425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne K. S. Morais ◽  
Oliver Bader ◽  
Michael Weig ◽  
Jose Tadeu A. Oliveira ◽  
Mariana R. Arantes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Molecular Transport

scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen levels on gene expression and amino acid metabolism in Welsh onion

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Zhao ◽  
Guanchu Ma ◽  
Lin Zhou ◽  
Song Zhang ◽  
Le Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Welsh Onion ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis

Abstract Background Welsh onion constitutes an important crop due to its benefits in traditional medicine. Nitrogen is an important nutrient for plant growth and yield; however, little is known about its influence on the mechanisms of Welsh onion regulation genes. In this study, we introduced a gene expression and amino acid analysis of Welsh onion treated with different concentrations of nitrogen (N0, N1, and N2 at 0 kg/ha, 130 kg/ha, and 260 kg/ha, respectively). Results Approximately 1,665 genes were differentially regulated with different concentrations of nitrogen. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that the genes involved in metabolic processes, protein biosynthesis, and transportation of amino acids were highly represented. KEGG analysis indicated that the pathways were related to amino acid metabolism, cysteine, beta-alanine, arginine, proline, and glutathione. Differential gene expression in response to varying nitrogen concentrations resulted in different amino acid content. A close relationship between gene expression and the content of amino acids was observed. Conclusions This work examined the effects of nitrogen on gene expression and amino acid synthesis and provides important evidence on the efficient use of nitrogen in Welsh onion.

scholarly journals Effect of IGF-I on serine metabolism in fetal sheep

2000 ◽  
Vol 165 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
EC Jensen ◽  
P van Zijl ◽  
PC Evans ◽  
JE Harding
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Igf I

Acute infusion of IGF-I to the fetus has been shown to inhibit amino acid oxidation and appears to increase fetoplacental amino acid uptake. This study was designed to investigate further the effects of IGF-I on fetal amino acid metabolism. Radiolabeled serine was used to test the hypothesis that fetal IGF-I infusion enhances serine uptake into the fetus and/or placenta and inhibits serine oxidation. Eight fetal sheep were studied at 127 days of gestation before and during a 4-h infusion of IGF-I (50 microg/h per kg). During the infusion there was no change in uptake of serine or its oxidation by fetus or placenta. However, both uptake and oxidation of serine and glycine decreased in the fetal carcass. There was also a decrease in fetal blood serine and glycine concentrations which could indicate a decrease in protein breakdown, although reduced amino acid synthesis cannot be excluded. Thus IGF-I appeared to influence the distribution of these amino acids as oxidative substrates between different fetal tissues. In addition, fetal IGF-I infusion increased the conversion of serine to glycine which is likely to have increased the availability of one-carbon groups for biosynthesis. Our data provide further evidence that IGF-I plays a role in the regulation of fetoplacental amino acid metabolism.

scholarly journals Effect of Folate Diet on Liver Metabolomics in Wild Type and Aldh1l1 Knockout Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 949-949
Author(s):  
Jaspreet Sharma ◽  
Blake Rushing ◽  
Natalia Krupenko ◽  
Susan Sumner ◽  
Sergey Krupenko
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Dietary Folate ◽  
Mannose Metabolism

Abstract Objectives The goal of the present study was to investigate whether dietary folate restriction exacerbates the metabotype associated with the KO. Methods Hepatic tissues from wildtype (Aldh1l1+/+) and KO (Aldh1l1−/−) mice fed a control (CD), or folate deficient diet (FDD) for 16 weeks were profiled using untargeted metabolomics to identify metabolite changes and affected pathways. Results PCA plots of the 6595 peaks in the preprocessed liver datasets show tight clustering of samples within the groups and clear separation between genotypes, and diets. OPLS-DA analysis showed strong separation between pairwise comparisons of the groups with model statistics (R2X, R2Y, and Q2) all greater than 0.5, indicating that dietary folate and Aldh1l1 alone or in combination have a significant effect on the liver metabolomes in male and female mice. Using MetaboAnalyst for pathway analysis significant differences in bile acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and protein synthesis/amino acid metabolism (aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis; alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis) were observed in males. Similarly, in females many perturbations in amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism (pyruvate metabolism; fructose and mannose metabolism), sphingolipid metabolism, bile acid metabolism and microbiome metabolism (propanoate metabolism; butanoate metabolism) were noted. Conclusions Dietary folate elicits liver metabolome response depending on Aldh1l1 genotype. Funding Sources NIH, R01

Metabolic Profiling Of Obesity With And Without The Metabolic Syndrome – A Multi-Sample Evaluation

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Lind ◽  
Samira Salihovic ◽  
Johan Sundström ◽  
Sölve Elmståhl ◽  
Ulf Hammar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
Benign Condition ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Obese Subjects

Abstract Context There is a dispute whether obesity without major metabolic derangements may represent a benign condition or not. Objective We aimed to compare the plasma metabolome in obese subjects without the metabolic syndrome (MetS) to normal-weight subjects without MetS, as well as to obese subjects with MetS. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Two academic centers in Sweden. Participants Three population-based samples (EpiHealth, n=2342, SCAPIS-Uppsala, n=4985 and SCAPIS-Malmö, n=3978) in which individuals were divided into groups according to their BMI and presence/absence of MetS (NCEP/consensus criteria). Intervention None Main Outcome Measure 791 annotated endogenous metabolites measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry Results We observed major differences in metabolite profiles (427 metabolites) between obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2) and normal-weight (BMI < 25 kg/m 2) subjects without MetS after adjustment for major life-style factors. Pathway enrichment analysis highlighted branch-chained and aromatic amino acid synthesis/metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and sphingolipid metabolism. The same pathways, and similar metabolites, were also highlighted when obese subjects with and without MetS were compared despite adjustment for BMI and waist circumference, or when the metabolites were related to BMI and number of MetS components in a continuous fashion. Similar metabolites and pathways were also related to insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index) in a separate study (POEM, n=501). Conclusion Our data suggest a graded derangement of the circulating metabolite profile from lean to obese to the metabolic syndrome, in particular for metabolites involved in amino acid synthesis/metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism. Insulin resistance is a plausible mediator of this gradual metabolic deterioration.

scholarly journals Chronic Stress Contributes to Cognitive Dysfunction and Hippocampal Metabolic Abnormalities in APP/PS1 Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1766-1776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Han ◽  
Jin-Hua Wang ◽  
Yuan Geng ◽  
Li Shen ◽  
Hua-Long Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation

Background/Aims: Stress response is determined by the brain, and the brain is a sensitive target for stress. Our previous experiments have confirmed that once the stress response is beyond the tolerable limit of the brain, particularly that of the hippocampus, it will have deleterious effects on hippocampal structure and function; however, the metabolic mechanisms for this are not well understood. Methods: Here, we used morris water maze, elisa and gas chromatography-time of flight/mass spectrometry to observe the changes in cognition, neuropathology and metabolomics in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice and wild-type (C57) mice caused by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), we also further explored the correlation between cognition and metabolomics. Results: We found that 4 weeks of CUMS aggravated cognitive impairment and increased amyloid-β deposition in APP/PS1 mice, but did not affect C57 mice. Under non-stress conditions, compared with C57 mice, there were 8 different metabolites in APP/PS1 mice. However, following CUMS, 3 different metabolites were changed compared with untreated C57 mice. Compared to APP/PS1 mice, there were 7 different metabolites in APP/PS1+CUMS mice. Among these alterations, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, valine, serine, beta-alanine and o-phosphorylethanolamine, which are involved in sphingolipid metabolism, synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, and amino acid metabolism. Conclusion: The results indicate that APP/PS1 mice are more vulnerable to stress than C57 mice, and the metabolic mechanisms of stress-related cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice are related to multiple pathways and networks, including sphingolipid metabolism, synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, and amino acid metabolism.

scholarly journals Characterization of Phenotypic Changes inPseudomonas putida in Response to Surface-Associated Growth

2001 ◽  
Vol 183 (22) ◽  
pp. 6579-6589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Sauer ◽  
Anne K. Camper
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Subtractive Hybridization ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Protein Profiles ◽  
Initial Attachment ◽  
Phenotypic Changes

ABSTRACT The formation of complex bacterial communities known as biofilms begins with the interaction of planktonic cells with a surface. A switch between planktonic and sessile growth is believed to result in a phenotypic change in bacteria. In this study, a global analysis of physiological changes of the plant saprophyte Pseudomonas putida following 6 h of attachment to a silicone surface was carried out by analysis of protein profiles and by mRNA expression patterns. Two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis revealed 15 proteins that were up-regulated following bacterial adhesion and 30 proteins that were down-regulated. N-terminal sequence analyses of 11 of the down-regulated proteins identified a protein with homology to the ABC transporter, PotF; an outer membrane lipoprotein, NlpD; and five proteins that were homologous to proteins involved in amino acid metabolism. cDNA subtractive hybridization revealed 40 genes that were differentially expressed following initial attachment ofP. putida. Twenty-eight of these genes had known homologs. As with the 2-D gel analysis, NlpD and genes involved in amino acid metabolism were identified by subtractive hybridization and found to be down-regulated following surface-associated growth. The gene for PotB was up-regulated, suggesting differential expression of ABC transporters following attachment to this surface. Other genes that showed differential regulation were structural components of flagella and type IV pili, as well as genes involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis. Immunoblot analysis of PilA and FliC confirmed the presence of flagella in planktonic cultures but not in 12- or 24-h biofilms. In contrast, PilA was observed in 12-h biofilms but not in planktonic culture. Recent evidence suggests that quorum sensing by bacterial homoserine lactones (HSLs) may play a regulatory role in biofilm development. To determine if similar protein profiles occurred during quorum sensing and during early biofilm formation, HSLs extracted from P.putida and pure C12-HSL were added to 6-h planktonic cultures of P. putida, and cell extracts were analyzed by 2-D gel profiles. Differential expression of 16 proteins was observed following addition of HSLs. One protein, PotF, was found to be down-regulated by both surface-associated growth and by HSL addition. The other 15 proteins did not correspond to proteins differentially expressed by surface-associated growth. The results presented here demonstrate thatP. putida undergoes a global change in gene expression following initial attachment to a surface. Quorum sensing may play a role in the initial attachment process, but other sensory processes must also be involved in these phenotypic changes.

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