scholarly journals Enhanced Autophagic Activity Improved the Root Growth and Nitrogen Utilization Ability of Apple Plants under Nitrogen Starvation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8085
Author(s):  
Liuqing Huo ◽  
Zijian Guo ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Li Cheng ◽  
Xin Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Starvation ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrients ◽  
Autophagic Activity

Autophagy is a conserved degradation pathway for recycling damaged organelles and aberrant proteins, and its important roles in plant adaptation to nutrient starvation have been generally reported. Previous studies found that overexpression of autophagy-related (ATG) gene MdATG10 enhanced the autophagic activity in apple roots and promoted their salt tolerance. The MdATG10 expression was induced by nitrogen depletion condition in both leaves and roots of apple plants. This study aimed to investigate the differences in the growth and physiological status between wild type and MdATG10-overexpressing apple plants in response to nitrogen starvation. A hydroponic system containing different nitrogen levels was used. The study found that the reduction in growth and nitrogen concentrations in different tissues caused by nitrogen starvation was relieved by MdATG10 overexpression. Further studies demonstrated the increased root growth and the higher nitrogen absorption and assimilation ability of transgenic plants. These characteristics contributed to the increased uptake of limited nitrogen nutrients by transgenic plants, which also reduced the starvation damage to the chloroplasts. Therefore, the MdATG10-overexpressing apple plants could maintain higher photosynthetic ability and possess better growth under nitrogen starvation stress.

scholarly journals Response of Rice Nitrogen Physiology to High Nighttime Temperature during Vegetative Stage

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Chen ◽  
Xiaoguo Zhang ◽  
Xia Zhao ◽  
Danying Wang ◽  
Chunmei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Soluble Leaf Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Positive Effect

The effects of night temperature on plant morphology and nitrogen accumulation were examined in rice (Oryza sativaL.) during vegetative growth. The results showed that the shoot biomass of the plants was greater at 27°C (high nighttime temperature, HNT) than at 22°C (CK). However, the increase in both shoot and root biomasses was not significant under 10 mg N/L. The shoot nitrogen concentrations were 16.1% and 16.7% higher in HNT than in CK under 160 and 40 mg N/L. These results suggest that plant N uptake was enhanced under HNT; however, the positive effect might be limited by the N status of the plants. In addition, leaf area, plant height, root maximum length, root and shoot nitrogen concentrations, soluble leaf protein content, and soluble leaf carbohydrate content were greater in HNT than in CK under 40 and 160 mg N/L, while fresh root volume, root number, and the content of free amino acid in leaf were not significantly different between HNT and CK regardless of nitrogen levels. Moreover, leaf GS activity under HNT was increased at 160 mg N/L compared with that under CK, which might partly explain the positive effect of HNT on soluble protein and carbohydrate content.

Contribution of the TROLC gene to the regulation of tobacco growth in response to stress factors.

Biomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-367
Author(s):  
B.R. Kuluev ◽  
Kh.G. Musin ◽  
E.A. Baimuhametova
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Cadmium Acetate ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Response To Stress

The trolC gene refers to plast genes that have entered the genome of Nicotiana tabacum as a probable result of horizontal transfer from Agrobacterium rhizogenes. It was shown that the trolC gene is expressed in young tissues of wild type tobacco; however, the physiological functions of the product of this gene remain largely unknown. The aim of our work was to obtain transgenic tobacco plants expressing a fragment of the trolC gene under the control of the 35SCaMV promoter in an antisense orientation and to assess the growth parameters of their roots under the action of abiotic stress factors. For morphometric analysis, 8 lines of transgenic plants were used. The analysis of root growth under the action of sodium chloride (100 mM), cadmium acetate (100 μM) and hypothermia (12°C) was conducted. Transgenic plants were characterized by improved shoot growth parameters under normal conditions. The roots of transgenic plants grew more slowly under normal conditions and under the action of cadmium and hypothermia than in wild type plants. The product of trolC gene has a negative effect on shoot growth, a positive effect on root growth, and also participates in the regulation and maintenance of root growth under the action of cadmium and hypothermia.

scholarly journals A novel transcription factor-like gene SbSDR1 acts as a molecular switch and confers salt and osmotic endurance to transgenic tobacco

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar Singh ◽  
Avinash Mishra ◽  
Intesaful Haque ◽  
Bhavanath Jha
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Molecular Switch ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Potential Candidate

Abstract A salt- and drought-responsive novel gene SbSDR1 is predominantly localised to the nucleus, up-regulated under abiotic stresses and is involved in the regulation of metabolic processes. SbSDR1 showed DNA-binding activity to genomic DNA, microarray analysis revealed the upregulation of host stress-responsive genes and the results suggest that SbSDR1 acts as a transcription factor. Overexpression of SbSDR1 did not affect the growth and yield of transgenic plants in non-stress conditions. Moreover, the overexpression of SbSDR1 stimulates the growth of plants and enhances their physiological status by modulating the physiology and inhibiting the accumulation of reactive oxygen species under salt and osmotic stress. Transgenic plants that overexpressed SbSDR1 had a higher relative water content, membrane integrity and concentration of proline and total soluble sugars, whereas they showed less electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation than wild type plants under stress conditions. In field conditions, SbSDR1 plants recovered from stress-induced injuries and could complete their life cycle. This study suggests that SbSDR1 functions as a molecular switch and contributes to salt and osmotic tolerance at different growth stages. Overall, SbSDR1 is a potential candidate to be used for engineering salt and drought tolerance in crops without adverse effects on growth and yield.

scholarly journals Expression of the Pseudomonas putida OCT Plasmid Alkane Degradation Pathway Is Modulated by Two Different Global Control Signals: Evidence from Continuous Cultures

2003 ◽  
Vol 185 (16) ◽  
pp. 4772-4778 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Alejandro Dinamarca ◽  
Isabel Aranda-Olmedo ◽  
Antonio Puyet ◽  
Fernando Rojo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Catabolite Repression ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Carbon Limitation ◽  
Alkane Degradation ◽  
Global Control ◽  
Ubiquinol Oxidase

ABSTRACT Expression of the genes of the alkane degradation pathway encoded in the Pseudomonas putida OCT plasmid are subject to negative and dominant global control depending on the carbon source used and on the physiological status of the cell. We investigated the signals responsible for this control in chemostat cultures under conditions of nutrient or oxygen limitation. Our results show that this global control is not related to the growth rate and responds to two different signals. One signal is the concentration of the carbon source that generates the repressing effect (true catabolite repression control). The second signal is influenced by the level of expression of the cytochome o ubiquinol oxidase, which in turn depends on factors such as oxygen availability or the carbon source used. Since under carbon limitation conditions the first signal is relieved but the second signal is not, we propose that modulation mediated by the cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase is not classical catabolite repression control but rather a more general physiological control mechanism. The two signals have an additive, but independent, effect, inhibiting induction of the alkane degradation pathway.

Influence of Host Nitrogen Levels on Development, Survival, Size and Population-Dynamics of Sugarcane Mealybug, Saccharicoccus-Sacchari (Cockerell) (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Rae ◽  
RE Jones
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Saccharicoccus Sacchari

Nitrogen levels in commercial plots of sugarcane varied over the cane-growing season. However, when adjusted for seasonal effects, nitrogen did not have a detectable effect on the size of mealybug populations on cane. In laboratory experiments, the survival of immature Saccharicoccus sacchari and the size attained at the onset of the oviposition period was influenced by the level of nitrogen fertiliser applied to potted sugarcane. Survival of S. sacchari increased to a maximum at 320 mg L-1 soluble nitrogen in sugarcane and decreased at higher levels, while size increased with increased nitrogen over the whole range of concentrations tested. Nitrogen-driven changes in the abundance of S. sacchari predicted from laboratory data indicate that normal variations in nitrogen concentrations of field-grown sugarcane have little effect on the population dynamics of S. sacchari.

Soil Development on Recent End Moraines of the Klutlan Glacier, Yukon Territory, Canada

1980 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Jacobson ◽  
H. J. B. Birks
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Development ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Glacier Bay ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Successional Stages

AbstractData on soils with six Neoglacial moraines of the Klutlan Glacier have been compared with those from moraines at the warm, moist coastal site of Glacier Bay, 160 km south. Percentage organic matter increases rapidly for the first 100 to 150 yr of soil development and then continues to rise gradually for the next 100 yr. Soil pH falls from 8.0 in recent till to approximately 6.0 in 200-yr-old soils. Nitrogen levels in the mineral soil increase from near zero in recent tills to 0.7% in soils 175–200 yr old; organic horizons of soils associated with spruce forests in later successional stages contain approximately 1% nitrogen. Concentrations of certain inorganic phosphate ions in the different-aged soils increase continually throughout the succession. Data for nine chemical variables were subjected to a principal components analysis; the major pattern in the data reflects the differences between soils of low organic content and high pH present in early successional stages, and nutrient-rich soils with high organic content and low pH present after succession has progressed toward the spruce forest. These trends in soil development with time are strikingly similar to those reported from Glacier Bay, except that the changes in soil properties appear to be delayed by 50–100 yr at the Klutlan terminus. Although numerous signs of nitrogen deficiency have been identified in plants growing on new soils at Glacier Bay, none was observed visually in living plants or in nutrients measured in samples of foliage from three plant taxa (Epilobium latifolium, Salix spp., and Populus balsamifera) taken from the Klutlan moraines. Concentrations of nitrogen and other nutrients (Ca, Mg, K, total P) in the foliage samples show no clear trends with increasing soil development. Low temperatures, a short growing season, and very low mean annual precipitation probably limit plant growth and account for the delayed soil development on the Klutlan moraines.

scholarly journals Co-option of an extracellular protease for transcriptional control of nutrient degradation in the fungus Aspergillus nidulans

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ang Li ◽  
Chirag Parsania ◽  
Kaeling Tan ◽  
Richard B. Todd ◽  
Koon Ho Wong
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Nitrogen Starvation ◽  
Protease Gene ◽  
Nitrogen Acquisition ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Gata Transcription Factor ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrients ◽  
Regulatory Loop

AbstractNutrient acquisition is essential for all organisms. Fungi regulate their metabolism according to environmental nutrient availability through elaborate transcription regulatory programs. In filamentous fungi, a highly conserved GATA transcription factor AreA and its co-repressor NmrA govern expression of genes involved in extracellular breakdown, uptake, and metabolism of nitrogen nutrients. Here, we show that the Aspergillus nidulans PnmB protease is a moonlighting protein with extracellular and intracellular functions for nitrogen acquisition and metabolism. PnmB serves not only as a secreted protease to degrade extracellular nutrients, but also as an intracellular protease to control the turnover of the co-repressor NmrA, accelerating AreA transcriptional activation upon nitrogen starvation. PnmB expression is controlled by AreA, which activates a positive feedback regulatory loop. Hence, we uncover a regulatory mechanism in the well-established controls determining the response to nitrogen starvation, revealing functional evolution of a protease gene for transcriptional regulation and extracellular nutrient breakdown.

Temporal genetic patterns of root growth in Brassica napus L. revealed by a low-cost, high-efficiency hydroponic system

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 (8) ◽  
pp. 2309-2323
Author(s):  
Jie Wang ◽  
Lieqiong Kuang ◽  
Xinfa Wang ◽  
Guihua Liu ◽  
Xiaoling Dun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Genetic Patterns

Assessment of photosynthetic activity of nursery-grown Piceaglauca seedlings using an integrating fluorometer to monitor variable chlorophyll fluorescence

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1478-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Vidaver ◽  
Wolfgang Binder ◽  
R. C. Brooke ◽  
G. R. Lister ◽  
P. M. A. Toivonen
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Fluorescence Emission ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Growth Capacity ◽  
Root Growth Capacity ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Variable Chlorophyll Fluorescence

Photosynthetic activity of intact nursery-grown white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) seedlings was assessed by measuring CO2 exchange (apparent photosynthesis) and normalized, integrated variable chlorophyll fluorescence emission. Agreement between fluorescence and apparent photosynthesis indicated that photosynthetic inactivation of seedlings from selected seedlots began in mid-August and approached completion in late October. Inactivation occurred somewhat earlier in northern seedlot seedlings than in those from a more southerly provenance. Seedlings tested in late October showed significant photosynthetic inactivation, as indicated by both fluorescence and apparent photosynthesis. These seedlings also had passed the −18 °C frost hardiness test currently used in British Columbia as an indicator for safe lifting. On removal from −2 °C storage, seedlings lifted and stored according to nursery practises showed fluorescence emission indicative of photosynthetic reactivation and also had high root growth capacity scores. Low root growth capacity scores were associated with delayed or incomplete photosynthetic reactivation. These results show that fluorescence assessment provides information about the physiological status of white spruce seedlings. Variable fluorescence assays are nondestructive and can be made and interpreted within minutes. As an indicator of shoot metabolic activity, fluorescence assessment provides information useful in selecting lifting dates and in evaluating the effects of dark cold storage on white spruce seedlings.

scholarly journals Intercropping effect on root growth and nitrogen uptake at different nitrogen levels

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Ramirez-Garcia ◽  
Helle J. Martens ◽  
Miguel Quemada ◽  
Kristian Thorup-Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Levels
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