scholarly journals Comparison of the Parasitization of Chelonus inanitus L. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Two Spodoptera Pests and Evaluation of the Procedure for Its Production

Insects ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Antonio Jesús Magaña ◽  
Beatriz Dáder ◽  
Gonzalo Sancho ◽  
Ángeles Adán ◽  
Ignacio Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Real Potential ◽  
Reproductive Parasitism ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Factitious Host

Chelonus inanitus (L.) is an egg-larval parasitoid of noctuids Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) and S. littoralis (Boisduval), whose mass rearing or real potential has not been targeted yet. To improve the rearing in the factitious host Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, we investigated the influence of host age and number of females parasitizing simultaneously on the overall rearing success, the influence of host age on the life cycle, and the influence of host species on the parasitoid body size. The proportion of emerging C. inanitus was higher from young host eggs, but more females emerged from mature eggs. Under high parasitoid competition, we observed a reduction in non-parasitized hosts without reducing parasitoid emergence. The parasitoid life cycle was longer in females, but the mismatch between sexes was smaller in mature eggs. The parasitoid size was smaller in the factitious host than in the natural hosts. Under semi-field conditions, we investigated the competition among parasitoid females on the overall parasitism success. The reproductive parasitism was more successful in S. exigua than in S. littoralis, and the maximum emergence was reached with three and four females, respectively. The control of S. littoralis may be attributed to the high developmental mortality, a non-reproductive parasitism that is often underestimated.

Demographic studies of Oomyzus incertus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a larval parasitoid of Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), treated with four organophosphorous insecticides

2005 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-491
Author(s):  
Qodrat Sabahi ◽  
Khalil Talebi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Alfalfa Weevil ◽  
Hypera Postica ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Organophosphorous Insecticides

The alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), can severely damage the first cutting of alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. (Fabaceae), in much of Iran. The pest has been parasitized by several parasitoids including Oomyzus incertus (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a gregarious larval endoparasitoid. This wasp can parasitize up to 30% of weevil larvae in alfalfa fields in northern Iran. It produces three to four generations per year, and the female prefers the fourth instar of the host for oviposition. Each female lays 2 to 22 eggs per host, which hatch within 47–60 h. The life cycle is completed in about 2 weeks, upon pupation inside the host. This species is predominantly present during the summer months in alfalfa fields (Streams and Fuester 1967).

Effects of alternative and natural prey on body size, locomotion and dispersal of Neoseiulus bicaudus (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1579-1591
Author(s):  
Jie Su ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Zhen-Shi Fu ◽  
An-Di Zhu ◽  
Jian Ping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
The Body ◽  
Alternative Prey ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Natural Prey ◽  
Tetranychus Turkestani

Prey are very important for the mass rearing of natural enemies and can affect the efficiency and quality of natural enemy products. Locomotion is important in dispersal of predatory mites on plants, and such activity is affected by body size and prey availability. The study evaluates the effects of prey (alternative prey: Tyrophagus putrescentiae Schrank and natural prey: Tetranychus turkestani Ugarov & Nikolskii) on the body size, locomotion and dispersal of the predatory mite Neoseiulus bicaudus Wainstein. When fed the alternative prey, the body size and locomotion of N. bicaudus were significantly lower than when fed the natural prey. However, the dispersal of N. bicaudus fed the two prey types was similar. The results suggest that long-term feeding on alternative prey could decrease the body size and locomotion of N. bicaudus. Nevertheless, the negative effects of alternative prey did not appear to affect the dispersal of N. bicaudus. The likely reason is that the type of prey does not affect the ability of the predatory mite to locate spider mites. In other words, when it fed alternative prey, N. bicaudus could still successfully disperse and locate spider mite-infested plants in the same way as when fed the natural prey.

scholarly journals Amblyomma nodosum (Neumann, 1899): observations on life cycle under laboratory conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele da Costa Pinheiro ◽  
Elizabete Captivo Lourenço ◽  
Iwine Joyce Barbosa de Sá-Hungaro ◽  
Kátia Maria Famadas
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Natural Hosts

The natural hosts of Amblyomma nodosum in the immature stages are a variety of birds and the anteater in the adult stage. However, so far no data have been published about this tick’s life cycle. To fill this gap, a record was made of its development under laboratory conditions. All the procedures were controlled in a BOD chamber set at 27±1 °C and 80±10% relative humidity and scotophase. The parasitic stages were raised on rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus Linnaeus, 1758), from which more than 50% of larvae and nymphs were recovered, although only a small portion performed ecdysis. The adults did not fixed on the rabbits, which suggests that the experimental conditions were unsuitable for the requirements of this species. The data obtained here indicate that A. nodosum is highly dependent on its host and environment whereas under laboratory conditions and host chosen for the study was not obtained satisfactory results and new studies with different hosts and new environmental conditions should be elaborated.

scholarly journals Performance of Trichogramma japonicum under field conditions as a function of the factitious host species used for mass rearing

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256246
Author(s):  
Basana Gowda G. ◽  
Guru Pirasanna Pandi G. ◽  
Farman Ullah ◽  
Naveenkumar B. Patil ◽  
Madhusmita Sahu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Corcyra Cephalonica ◽  
Sitotroga Cerealella ◽  
Asian Continent ◽  
Mass Rear ◽  
Yellow Stem Borer ◽  
Factitious Host ◽  
Different Parts

Different factitious hosts were used to mass rear Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead in different parts of the globe because thorough details were lacking in both the laboratory and the field. The objective of this study was to compare, parasitoid, T. japonicum reared in different factitious hosts. Three commonly used factitious host eggs, Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton), Ephestia kuehniella Zeller and Sitotroga cerealella Olivier were tested under laboratory conditions and then in the field over a yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulus (Walker) of rice. The highest parasitism by T. japonicum was observed on E. kuehniella eggs. The parasitoid’s highest emergence (88.99%) was observed on S. cerealella eggs at 24 h exposure, whereas at 48 h it was on E. kuehniella eggs (94.66%). Trichogramma japonicum females that emerged from E. kuehniella eggs were significantly long-lived. The days of oviposition by hosts and the host species were significant individually, but not their interaction. Higher proportions of flying T. japonicum were observed when reared on E. kuehniella and C. cephalonica eggs. Field results showed that T. japonicum mass-reared on E. kuehniella showed higher parasitism of its natural host, S. incertulus eggs. Hence, by considering these biological characteristics and field results, E. kuehniella could be leveraged for the mass rearing of quality parasitoids of T. japonicum in India, the Asian continent and beyond.

scholarly journals Development of a Method for Rearing Nezara viridula (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) on a Semi-solid Artificial Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maribel Portilla ◽  
Gadi V P Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Instar Nymph ◽  
Nezara Viridula ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Heteroptera Pentatomidae ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Semi Solid

Abstract A method for rearing the southern green stinkbug, (Nezara viridula L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), using a modified lygus semi-solid artificial diet was developed. First to second-instar nymph were reared in a density of 631.5 ± 125.05 eggs per Petri-dish (4 cm deep × 15 cm diam). Second instar to adult were reared in a density of 535.0 ± 112.46 s instar nymphs per rearing cage (43 × 28 × 9 cm). Mating and oviposition occurred in popup rearing cages (30 × 30 cm), each holding 60–90 mixed sex adults of similar age. Adults emerged 35.88 ± 2.13 d after oviposition and survived for an average of 43.09 ± 9.53 d. On average, adults laid 223.95 ± 69.88 eggs in their lifetime, for a total production of 8,099 ± 1,277 fertile eggs/oviposition cage. Egg fertility was 77.93% ± 16.28. Egg masses held in petri-dishes had a total hatchability of 79.38% ± 20.03. Mortality of early nymphs in petri-dishes was 0.64% ± 0.12 for the first instar and 1.37% ± 0.45 for second instar. Late nymphal mortality in rearing cages was 1.41% ± 0.10, 3.47% ± 1.27, and 4.72% ± 1.29 for the third, fourth, and fifth instars, respectively. Survivorship from nymphs to adults was 88.48% ± 2.76. Using artificial diet for rearing N. viridula could reduce cost by avoiding time-consuming issues with daily feeding fresh natural hosts and insect manipulation. It could increase reliability and simplicity of bug production, which should facilitate mass rearing of its biological control agents.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF VARIOUS NATURAL DIETS FOR MASS REARING OF Spodoptera frugiperda J.E SMITH (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Sempurna Ginting ◽  
Tri Sunardi ◽  
Chaincin Buana Sari ◽  
Risky Hadi Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Cycle Period ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Evaluation of various natural diets for mass rearing of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the pests that attack corn in Indonesia. This study aimed to evaluate the most suitable diet for rearing of S. frugiperda from various natural diets. The study was conducted in vitro. The treatments were consisted of variation on S. frugiperda natural diets, such as maize leaf, green mustard leaf, water spinach, sweet potato leaf, sugar cane leaf, and soybeans leaf. The observed variables were life cycle period, pupa size, and pupa weight. The results showed that the shortest life cycle period was on corn leaves diet (40.92 days), and the longest was on sugarcane leaves (45.01 days). The longest size of pupa were S. frugiperda on mustard leaves diet (12.86 mm) and corn leaves (12.56 mm), The heaviest pupa weights were observed in S. frugiperda on mustard leaves diet (0.18 mg), and corn leaves (0.16 mg). Based on the data, it could be concluded that corn leaves were the most suitable type of diet for the growth and development of S. frugiperda.

scholarly journals Life-cycle parameters of Copitarsia uncilata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on three natural diets

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 7763-7771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Milena Castro Marquez ◽  
Daniel Rodriguez Caicedo
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

This study describes the life cycle of Copitarsia uncilata Burgos & Leiva (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under laboratory conditions without photophase and a second experiment with photophase of 12 hours on three natural diets. The life cycle of C. uncilata was significantly shorter for females (76.46 ± 1.01 days, p=0.033) reared on alstroemeria (Alstroemeria sp.) diet without photophase, and for males (79.78 ± 0.36 days, p=0.046) reared on broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica), with photophase. The emergence of the adults was 100% and 73.33% from larvae fed on alstroemeria, 90.9% and 88.88% for individuals fed on broccoli, 86.2% and 50% for those fed on cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), without and with photophase respectively. The sex ratio (male:female) of individuals reared without photophase, evidenced a higher rate of females on alstroemeria (1:1.3), followed by cauliflower (1:0.6) and broccoli (1:0.5). In the experiment with photophase, the sex ratio was higher on alstroemeria (1:1.5), followed by cauliflower (1:0.9) and broccoli (1:0.6). As a conclusion, the most suitable diet for laboratory mass rearing in terms of life cycle parameters of C. uncilata is broccoli followed by alstroemeria and cauliflower.

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