scholarly journals Eye Gaze Markers Indicate Visual Attention to Threatening Images in Individuals with Chronic Back Pain

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoë Franklin ◽  
Paul Holmes ◽  
Neil Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Chronic Back Pain ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Attentional Biases ◽  
Dot Probe ◽  
Probe Task

Research into attentional biases and threatening, pain-related information has primarily been investigated using reaction time as the dependent variable. This study aimed to extend previous research to provide a more in depth investigation of chronic back pain and individuals’ attention to emotional stimuli by recording eye movement behavior. Individuals with chronic back pain (n = 18) were recruited from a back rehabilitation program and age and sex matched against 17 non-symptomatic controls. Participants’ eye movements were recorded whilst they completed a dot probe task, which included back pain specific threatening images and neutral images. There were no significant differences between chronic pain and control participants in attentional biases recorded using reaction time from the dot probe task. Chronic pain participants, however, demonstrated a significantly higher percentage of fixations, larger pupil diameter, a longer average fixation duration and faster first fixation to threatening compared to neutral images. They also had a significantly longer average fixation duration and larger pupil diameter to threatening images compared to control participants. The findings of this study suggest eye gaze metrics may provide a more sensitive measure of attentional biases in chronic pain populations. These findings may have important therapeutic implications for the patient and therapist.

Money talks in attention bias modification: Reward in a dot-probe task affects attentional biases

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 118-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ólafía Sigurjónsdóttir ◽  
Andri S. Björnsson ◽  
Sigurbjörg J. Ludvigsdóttir ◽  
Árni Kristjánsson
Keyword(s):  
Attention Bias ◽  
Attentional Biases ◽  
Dot Probe ◽  
Attention Bias Modification ◽  
Probe Task ◽  
Bias Modification

The effects of priming in a cued dot-probe task on appearance-related attentional biases in women

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 817-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben R. Lane ◽  
Kate E. Mulgrew ◽  
Doug Mahar ◽  
Melanie J. White ◽  
Siobhan A. Loughnan
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Biases ◽  
Dot Probe ◽  
Probe Task

The periaqueductal gray and descending pain modulation: why should we study them and what role do they play in chronic pain?

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 2080-2083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasey S. Hemington ◽  
Marie-Andrée Coulombe
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Chronic Back Pain ◽  
Periaqueductal Gray ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Pain Research ◽  
Descending Pain Modulation ◽  
Pain Patients

In this Neuro Forum we discuss the significance of a recent study by Yu et al. ( Neuroimage Clin 6: 100–108, 2014). The authors examined functional connectivity of a key node of the descending pain modulation pathway, the periaqueductal gray (PAG), in chronic back pain patients. Altered PAG connectivity to pain-related regions was found; we place results within the context of recent literature and emphasize the importance of understanding the descending component of pain in pain research.

scholarly journals Feasibility and Acceptability of Mobile Phone–Based Auto-Personalized Physical Activity Recommendations for Chronic Pain Self-Management: Pilot Study on Adults (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashfiqui Rabbi ◽  
Min SH Aung ◽  
Geri Gay ◽  
M Cary Reid ◽  
Tanzeem Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Chronic Back Pain ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Future Improvement ◽  
Physical Activity Recommendations ◽  
Activity Recommendations

BACKGROUND Chronic pain is a globally prevalent condition. It is closely linked with psychological well-being, and it is often concomitant with anxiety, negative affect, and in some cases even depressive disorders. In the case of musculoskeletal chronic pain, frequent physical activity is beneficial. However, reluctance to engage in physical activity is common due to negative psychological associations (eg, fear) between movement and pain. It is known that encouragement, self-efficacy, and positive beliefs are effective to bolster physical activity. However, given that the majority of time is spent away from personnel who can give such encouragement, there is a great need for an automated ubiquitous solution. OBJECTIVE MyBehaviorCBP is a mobile phone app that uses machine learning on sensor-based and self-reported physical activity data to find routine behaviors and automatically generate physical activity recommendations that are similar to existing behaviors. Since the recommendations are based on routine behavior, they are likely to be perceived as familiar and therefore likely to be actualized even in the presence of negative beliefs. In this paper, we report the preliminary efficacy of MyBehaviorCBP based on a pilot trial on individuals with chronic back pain. METHODS A 5-week pilot study was conducted on people with chronic back pain (N=10). After a week long baseline period with no recommendations, participants received generic recommendations from an expert for 2 weeks, which served as the control condition. Then, in the next 2 weeks, MyBehaviorCBP recommendations were issued. An exit survey was conducted to compare acceptance toward the different forms of recommendations and map out future improvement opportunities. RESULTS In all, 90% (9/10) of participants felt positive about trying the MyBehaviorCBP recommendations, and no participant found the recommendations unhelpful. Several significant differences were observed in other outcome measures. Participants found MyBehaviorCBP recommendations easier to adopt compared to the control (βint=0.42, P<.001) on a 5-point Likert scale. The MyBehaviorCBP recommendations were actualized more (βint=0.46, P<.001) with an increase in approximately 5 minutes of further walking per day (βint=4.9 minutes, P=.02) compared to the control. For future improvement opportunities, participants wanted push notifications and adaptation for weather, pain level, or weekend/weekday. CONCLUSIONS In the pilot study, MyBehaviorCBP’s automated approach was found to have positive effects. Specifically, the recommendations were actualized more, and perceived to be easier to follow. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time an automated approach has achieved preliminary success to promote physical activity in a chronic pain context. Further studies are needed to examine MyBehaviorCBP’s efficacy on a larger cohort and over a longer period of time.

scholarly journals Is The Pain Real or Not?

2018 ◽  
pp. 45-46
Author(s):  
Nelson Hendler
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Nerve Conduction Velocity ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Chronic Back Pain ◽  
Organic Basis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Extensive Evaluation ◽  
Constant Pain ◽  
Objective Tests

Chronic pain (constant pain lasting 6 months or longer) is a subjective experience, which is influenced by many pre-morbid (before the onset of pain) psychological problems. However, chronic pain often can produce depression, anxiety, and marital difficulties. Although physical examination and other studies, including x-ray studies, 3D-CT, electromyelograms (EMG), nerve conduction velocity studies and MRI in many cases may document an organic basis of chronic back pain, some organic syndromes defy definition by objective tests. This may be a greater problem for women, where physician prejudice can result in a significantly less extensive evaluation of their complaints of back pain. Also, any litigation may influence symptoms and the type of litigation may influence outcomes [8]. Therefore, there is a need to differentiate between “organic” and “functional” (negative physical and laboratory examination) back pain.

scholarly journals Classification and characterisation of brain network changes in chronic back pain: A multicenter study

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Mano ◽  
Gopal Kotecha ◽  
Kenji Leibnitz ◽  
Takashi Matsubara ◽  
Aya Nakae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Chronic Back Pain ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Brain Network

Background. Chronic pain is a common, often disabling condition thought to involve a combination of peripheral and central neurobiological factors. However, the extent and nature of changes in the brain is poorly understood. Methods. We investigated brain network architecture using resting-state fMRI data in chronic back pain patients in the UK and Japan (41 patients, 56 controls), as well as open data from USA. We applied machine learning and deep learning (conditional variational autoencoder architecture) methods to explore classification of patients/controls based on network connectivity. We then studied the network topology of the data, and developed a multislice modularity method to look for consensus evidence of modular reorganisation in chronic back pain. Results. Machine learning and deep learning allowed reliable classification of patients in a third, independent open data set with an accuracy of 63%, with 68% in cross validation of all data. We identified robust evidence of network hub disruption in chronic pain, most consistently with respect to clustering coefficient and betweenness centrality. We found a consensus pattern of modular reorganisation involving extensive, bilateral regions of sensorimotor cortex, and characterised primarily by negative reorganisation - a tendency for sensorimotor cortex nodes to be less inclined to form pairwise modular links with other brain nodes. In contrast, intraparietal sulcus displayed a propensity towards positive modular reorganisation, suggesting that it might have a role in forming modules associated with the chronic pain state. Conclusion. The results provide evidence of consistent and characteristic brain network changes in chronic pain, characterised primarily by extensive reorganisation of the network architecture of the sensorimotor cortex.

Attributional Style and Depression in Men Receiving Treatment For Chronic Pain

1995 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Boyer McGuigan
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Attributional Style ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Chronic Back Pain ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Attributional Style Questionnaire ◽  
Control Pain ◽  
Negative Attributional Style

This study explored the applicability of Seligman's leamed helplessness theory to men receiving treatment for chronic back pain. Negative attributional style and depression scores for 112 men receiving treatment for chronic pain were obtained. Fifty-four men were receiving worker's compensation; fifty-eight were not. Participants voluntarily completed the Attributional Style Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, and a visual analogue scale measuring perceived ability to control pain. Demographic information was also obtained. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that the groups did not differ in negative attributional style scores, but that they did differ in depression scores. No relationship was found between depression, negative attributional style, and perceived level of pain.

Use of the MMPI with Patients Who Report Chronic Back Pain

1981 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 855-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Adams ◽  
Mary Heilbronn ◽  
Susan D. Silk ◽  
Eve Reider ◽  
Dietrich P. Blumer
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Chronic Back Pain ◽  
Low Back

The report describes previous efforts to develop distinctive MMPI scales or profiles relating to chronic pain. While most efforts are directed towards low back pain, other forms and sites of chronic pain have produced comparable results. Consistency in results across samples may suggest a common series of routes or mechanisms which characterize patients who report chronic pain.

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