scholarly journals Daytime Neurophysiological Hyperarousal in Chronic Insomnia: A Study of qEEG

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3425
Author(s):  
Da Young Oh ◽  
Su Mi Park ◽  
Sung Won Choi
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Chronic Insomnia ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Quantitative Electroencephalogram ◽  
High Beta ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms ◽  
Band Activity

Background: The hyperarousal model demonstrates that instability of sleep-wake regulation leads to insomnia symptoms and various neurophysiological hyperarousal states. Previous studies have shown that hyperarousal states that appear in chronic insomnia patients are not limited to sleep at nighttime but are stable characteristics that extend into the daytime. However, this phenomenon is mainly measured at bedtime, so it hard to determine whether it is maintained throughout a 24 h cycle or if it just appears at bedtime. Methods: We examined the resting state qEEG (quantitative electroencephalogram) and ECG (electrocardiogram) of chronic insomnia patients (n = 24) compared to good sleepers (n = 22) during the daytime. Results: As compared with controls, participants with insomnia showed a clearly high beta band activity in eyes closed condition at all brain areas. They showed a low frequency band at the frontal area; high frequency bands at the central and parietal areas were found in eyes open condition. Significantly higher heart rates were also found in the chronic insomnia group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that chronic insomnia patients were in a state of neurophysiological hyperarousal during the middle of the day due to abnormal arousal regulation.

Effects of Infrasound on Involuntary Eye Movement during Fixation

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 130-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Takigawa ◽  
Fukiko Kawade ◽  
Hiroshi Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Octave Band ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Band Noise ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Healthy Males

This study was undertaken in order to clarify the effects of infrasound on vestibular functions by comparing observations of eye movement under exposure to infrasound and audible noise. Twenty-five healthy males were exposed to a wide octave-band noise, (approx. 125 Hz to 4kHz) or to 16 Hz or 5 Hz at 95 dB for 3 minutes. Their involuntary eye movement with the eyes visually fixed in the horizontal direction was measured before and during exposure with their eyes open and closed. The extent of eye movement before the exposure was significantly greater with eyes closed than with eyes open. This difference was intensified by 5-Hz exposure, but exposure to the noise of 16-Hz infrasound had no effect. The power percentage in the low frequency-band, determined by spectral analysis of the eye movement, was significantly greater with eyes closed than with eyes open before the exposure. This increase in the power percentage in the low frequency-band was reinforced by the 16- and 5-Hz exposures, while no effect was observed upon exposure to the noise. These results suggest that the potential of the vestibulo-ocular reflex was increased upon exposure to infrasound, regardless of whether or not the subjects perceived any sensation.

scholarly journals Electroencephalographic modulations during an open- or closed-eyes motor task

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Rimbert ◽  
Rahaf Al-Chwa ◽  
Manuel Zaepffel ◽  
Laurent Bougrain
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Mu Rhythm ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Simple Motor Task ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Event Related Desynchronisation ◽  
The Right

There is fundamental knowledge that during the resting state cerebral activity recorded by electroencephalography (EEG) is strongly modulated by the eyes-closed condition compared to the eyes-open condition, especially in the occipital lobe. However, little research has demonstrated the influence of the eyes-closed condition on the motor cortex, particularly during a self-paced movement. This prompted the question: How does the motor cortex activity change between the eyes-closed and eyes-open conditions? To answer this question, we recorded EEG signals from 15 voluntary healthy subjects who performed a simple motor task (i.e., a voluntary isometric flexion of the right-hand index) under two conditions: eyes-closed and eyes-open. Our results confirmed strong modulation in the mu rhythm (7–13 Hz) with a large event-related desynchronisation. However, no significant differences have been observed in the beta band (15–30 Hz). Furthermore, evidence suggests that the eyes-closed condition influences the behaviour of subjects. This study gives us greater insight into the motor cortex and could also be useful in the brain-computer interface (BCI) domain.

scholarly journals Frequency shifts and depth dependence of premotor beta band activity during perceptual decision-making

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandramouli Chandrasekaran ◽  
Iliana E. Bray ◽  
Krishna V. Shenoy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Arm Movement ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
High Beta ◽  
Beta Frequency ◽  
Band Activity

ABSTRACTNeural activity in the premotor and motor cortex shows prominent structure in the beta frequency range (13-30 Hz). Currently, the behavioral relevance of beta band activity (BBA) in premotor and motor regions is not well understood. The underlying source of motor BBA and how it changes as a function of cortical depth is also unknown. Here, we addressed these unresolved questions by investigating BBA recorded using laminar electrodes in the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) of two male rhesus macaques performing a visual reaction time (RT) reach discrimination task. We observed robust BBA before and after the onset of the visual stimulus but not during the arm movement. While post-stimulus BBA was positively correlated with RT throughout the beta frequency range, pre-stimulus correlation varied by frequency. Low beta frequencies (~15 to 20 Hz) were positively correlated with RT and high beta frequencies (~25 to 30 Hz) were negatively correlated with RT. Simulations suggested that these frequency-dependent correlations could be due to a shift in the component frequencies of the pre-stimulus BBA as a function of RT, such that faster RTs are accompanied by greater power in high beta frequencies. We also observed a laminar dependence of BBA, with deeper electrodes demonstrating stronger power in low beta frequencies both pre- and post-stimulus. The heterogeneous nature of BBA and the changing relationship between BBA and RT in different task epochs may be a sign of the differential network dynamics involved in expectation, decision-making, and motor preparation.

scholarly journals Specific Posture-Stabilising Effects of Vision and Touch Are Revealed by Distinct Changes of Body Oscillation Frequencies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Sozzi ◽  
Antonio Nardone ◽  
Marco Schieppati
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Spectral Amplitude ◽  
Median Frequency ◽  
High Frequency Range ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Eyes Closed

We addressed postural instability during stance with eyes closed (EC) on a compliant surface in healthy young people. Spectral analysis of the centre of foot pressure oscillations was used to identify the effects of haptic information (light-touch, EC-LT), or vision (eyes open, EO), or both (EO-LT). Spectral median frequency was strongly reduced by EO and EO-LT, while spectral amplitude was reduced by all “stabilising” sensory conditions. Reduction in spectrum level by EO mainly appeared in the high-frequency range. Reduction by LT was much larger than that induced by the vision in the low-frequency range, less so in the high-frequency range. Touch and vision together produced a fall in spectral amplitude across all windows, more so in anteroposterior (AP) direction. Lowermost frequencies contributed poorly to geometric measures (sway path and area) for all sensory conditions. The same subjects participated in control experiments on a solid base of support. Median frequency and amplitude of the spectrum and geometric measures were largely smaller when standing on solid than on foam base but poorly affected by the sensory conditions. Frequency analysis but not geometric measures allowed to disclose unique tuning of the postural control mode by haptic and visual information. During standing on foam, the vision did not reduce low-frequency oscillations, while touch diminished the entire spectrum, except for the medium-high frequencies, as if sway reduction by touch would rely on rapid balance corrections. The combination of frequency analysis with sensory conditions is a promising approach to explore altered postural mechanisms and prospective interventions in subjects with central or peripheral nervous system disorders.

scholarly journals Mirror mode structures and ELF plasma waves in the Giacobini-Zinner magnetosheath

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. T. Tsurutani ◽  
G. S. Lakhina ◽  
E. J. Smith ◽  
B. Buti ◽  
S. L. Moses ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Plasma Waves ◽  
Mode Instability ◽  
Pickup Ions ◽  
Ion Cyclotron ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Mirror Mode ◽  
High Beta

Abstract. We show evidence for mirror mode structures at comet Giacobini-Zinner. These are plasma structures with alternating high ß and low ß regions driven unstable when ß<perp> /ß<parallel> > 1+ 1/<perp>. These structures are detected in a region just adjacent to the magnetic tail and have scale sizes of ≈ 12 H2O group ion cyclotron radii. Calculations are presented to show that mirror mode instability can occur due to the perpendicular pressure associated with H2O+ cometary pickup ions in the region of mirror mode observation. Adjacent regions (in the magnetic tail and further in the sheath) are found to be stable to the mirror mode. Plasma waves are detected in relation with the mirror mode structures. Low frequency 56 to 100 Hz waves are present in the high beta portions, and high frequency, 311 Hz to 10 kHz, waves are present in low beta regions. These may be electromagnetic lion roar waves and electrostatic festoon-shaped waves, respectively, in analogy to plasma waves detected in the Earth's magnetosheath.

Olfactory Recognition Based on EEG Gamma-Band Activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1667-1680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onder Aydemir
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Band ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Accuracy Rate ◽  
Average Classification Accuracy ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Lotus Flower ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Gamma Band Activity ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Band Activity

There are various kinds of brain monitoring techniques, including local field potential, near-infrared spectroscopy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography, functional MRI, electroencephalography (EEG), and magnetoencephalography. Among those techniques, EEG is the most widely used one due to its portability, low setup cost, and noninvasiveness. Apart from other advantages, EEG signals also help to evaluate the ability of the smelling organ. In such studies, EEG signals, which are recorded during smelling, are analyzed to determine the subject lacks any smelling ability or to measure the response of the brain. The main idea of this study is to show the emotional difference in EEG signals during perception of valerian, lotus flower, cheese, and rosewater odors by the EEG gamma wave. The proposed method was applied to the EEG signals, which were taken from five healthy subjects in the conditions of eyes open and eyes closed at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. In order to represent the signals, we extracted features from the gamma band of the EEG trials by continuous wavelet transform with the selection of Morlet as a wavelet function. Then the [Formula: see text]-nearest neighbor algorithm was implemented as the classifier for recognizing the EEG trials as valerian, lotus flower, cheese, and rosewater. We achieved an average classification accuracy rate of 87.50% with the 4.3 standard deviation value for the subjects in eyes-open condition and an average classification accuracy rate of 94.12% with the 2.9 standard deviation value for the subjects in eyes-closed condition. The results prove that the proposed continuous wavelet transform–based feature extraction method has great potential to classify the EEG signals recorded during smelling of the present odors. It has been also established that gamma-band activity of the brain is highly associated with olfaction.

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