scholarly journals Preparation of Maleic Anhydride Grafted Poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT-g-MA) by Reactive Extrusion Processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália F. Braga ◽  
Henrique M. Zaggo ◽  
Thaís L. A. Montanheiro ◽  
Fabio R. Passador
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Reactive Extrusion ◽  
Processing Route ◽  
Parallel Plates ◽  
Reactive Processing ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Trimethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Compatibilizing Agent

Maleic anhydride (MA) grafted with poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)—abbreviated as PTT-g-MA—can be used as a compatibilizing agent to improve the compatibility and dispersion of nanofillers and a dispersed polymer phase into PTT matrix. This work suggests the preparation of PTT-g-MA using a mixture of PTT, MA, and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) by a reactive extrusion process. PTT-g-MA was characterized to confirm the grafting reaction of maleic anhydride on PTT chains by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Thermal properties (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)) and rheological analysis (parallel plates rheology) were used to prove the changes that occurred after the graphitization reaction. The reactive processing route allowed the production of the compatibilizing agent (PTT-g-MA) with good thermal properties and with lower viscosity compared to neat PTT, and this could be an alternative for the compatibilization of polymer blends, as example for PTT/ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) blends and nanocomposites based on PTT matrix.

Dynamic Mechanical and Crystallization Properties of PTT/EPDM-g-MA/OMMT Blends

2012 ◽  
Vol 466-467 ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Kun Yan Wang ◽  
Ying Ye ◽  
Xiao Qing Zhu ◽  
Feng Cao
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Ethylene Propylene ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Crystallization Properties ◽  
Trimethylene Terephthalate

The blends of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) with ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer grafted with maleic anhydride (EPDM-g-MA) and organoclay(OMMT) were prepared by melt blending.The composites were characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results suggest that the PTT is immiscible with EPDM-g-MA when OMMT was added to the blends. Strorage modulus of the PTT/EPDM-g-MA/OMMT are higher than those of pure PTT. The melting point of pure PTT and blends was almost constant. The crystallinity of the blends with OMMT were higher than that of pure PTT.

Silane-Treated Muscovite as Reinforcement for 3D-Printed ABS via Fused Deposition Modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 877 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Niño B. Felices ◽  
Bryan B. Pajarito
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Mechanical Reinforcement ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed

Epoxysilane-treated muscovite (ETM) was used as reinforcing filler to 3D-printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) via fused deposition modeling (FDM). Its effects to the mechanical and thermal properties of ABS were investigated. ETM was loaded at 1, 3, and 5wt%. ABS/ETM composites were characterized via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile test, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Mechanical reinforcement of ABS was observed for ABS/ETM composites loaded at 1 and 3 wt% wherein it was noted that the tensile strength and elastic modulus increased by up to 83.6% and 76.6%, respectively. Reinforcement was brought by interfacial adhesion of ETM with the ABS matrix. There was a sharp decline in mechanical properties for ABS/ETM composites loaded at 5wt% due to agglomeration of ETM in the matrix and discontinuities in the printed layers. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of ABS increased and the onset of its degradation shifted towards higher temperatures with the addition of ETM. It can be concluded that the addition of ETM to ABS for FDM 3D printing improved its mechanical and thermal properties.

Effects of Calcium Carbonate on the Thermal Properties of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene/Calcium Carbonate Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 834-836 ◽  
pp. 276-280
Author(s):  
Xiao Juan Bai ◽  
Ling Wang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Mixed Gas ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Weight Loss Rate ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Maximum Weight Loss

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is a filler widely used in plastics. In this study, the effects of CaCO3content and size on the thermal properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)/CaCO3composites were determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). TGA results in nitrogen showed that the maximum weight loss rate of the composites gradually decreased with increasing CaCO3content. TGA results in a mixed gas containing oxygen showed that CaCO3addition facilitated the degradation of ABS, and ABS degradation was completed at relatively low temperatures. The effect of nano-CaCO3on the thermal stability of the composites was similar to that of microsized CaCO3.

Potential use of cotton dust as filler in the production of thermoplastic composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (30) ◽  
pp. 4147-4155
Author(s):  
Nadir Ayrilmis ◽  
Türker Güleç ◽  
Emrah Peşman ◽  
Alperen Kaymakci
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Cotton Dust ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Significant Difference

The effect of cotton dust as filler on the mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene composites was investigated and the results were compared with the properties of wood plastic composites. Cotton dust was obtained from the dust filtration system located in a textile manufacturing unit. Different mixtures of cotton dust (30 to 60 wt%) or wood flour (30 to 60 wt%) were compounded with polypropylene with a coupling agent (maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene 3 wt%) in a twin-screw co-rotating extruder. The test specimens were produced by injection molding machine. The tensile strength and flexural modulus of the specimens improved with the increase in the filler content. There was no significant difference in the strength and modulus values between the cotton dust and wood flour filled composites. The highest thermal stability was found to be in the composites produced with 40 wt% of cotton dust according to the results of differential scanning calorimetry analysis. Based on the findings obtained from the present study, the optimum mechanical and thermal properties for the filled polypropylene composites were found to be a 50/50/3 formulation of cotton dust, polypropylene, and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, respectively.

Effect of Silane-Treated Wollastonite on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of 3D-Printed ABS via Fused Deposition Modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 877 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Niño B. Felices ◽  
Bryan B. Pajarito
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Uniform Dispersion ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed

The effect of the addition of epoxysilane-treated wollastonite (ETW) to the mechanical and thermal properties of 3D-printed acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) via fused deposition modeling (FDM) was investigated. The loading of ETW was varied at 1, 3, and 5wt%. The 3D-printed composites were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tensile test, shore D hardness, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The addition of ETW increases the tensile strength, elastic modulus, and toughness of ABS by up to 46.6, 56.2, and 53.7 %, respectively. The shore D hardness increases with increasing ETW. Morphological analysis show that this improvement in mechanical properties is a result of the high aspect ratio of the fillers, the uniform dispersion of ETW in the ABS matrix, and the orientation of ETW particles toward the direction of tensile stress. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the composites increases and the onset of degradation slightly shifted to higher temperature with an increase in filler loading. The addition of ETW to ABS matrix in FDM 3D printing improved the mechanical and thermal properties of ABS.

scholarly journals Polypropylene/Graphene Nanocomposites: Effects of GNP Loading and Compatibilizers on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 3924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. Al-Saleh ◽  
Abdirahman A. Yussuf ◽  
Salah Al-Enezi ◽  
Roaya Kazemi ◽  
Mat Uzir Wahit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

In this research work, graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) were selected as alternative reinforcing nanofillers to enhance the properties of polypropylene (PP) using different compatibilizers called polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) and ethylene-octene elastomer grafted maleic anhydride (POE-g-MA). A twin screw extruder was used to compound PP, GNP, and either the PP-g-MA or POE-g-MA compatibilizer. The effect of GNP loading on mechanical and thermal properties of neat PP was investigated. Furthermore, the influence and performance of different compatibilizers on the final properties, such as mechanical and thermal, were discussed and reported. Tensile, flexural, impact, melting temperature, crystallization temperature, and thermal stability were evaluated by using a universal testing system, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). For mechanical properties, it was found that increasing GNP content from 1 wt.% to 5 wt.% increased tensile strength of the neat PP up to 4 MPa. The influence of compatibilizers on the mechanical properties had been discussed and reported. For instance, the addition of PP-g-MA compatibilizer improved tensile strength of neat PP with GNP loading. However, the addition of compatibilizer POE-g-MA slightly decreased the tensile strength of neat PP. A similar trend of behavior was observed for flexural strength. For thermal properties, it was found that both GNP loading and compatibilizers have no significant influence on both crystallization and melting temperature of neat PP. For thermal stability, however, it was found that increasing the GNP loading had a significant influence on improving the thermal behavior of neat PP. Furthermore, the addition of compatibilizers into the PP/GNP nanocomposite had slightly improved the thermal stability of neat PP.

Characterization of Nostoc muscorum NCCU-442 Derived Poly-3- hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Blends

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-207
Author(s):  
Sabbir Ansari ◽  
Tasneem Fatma
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Morphological Alteration ◽  
Nostoc Muscorum ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
Mixed Microbial Culture ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Casting Technique

Background: Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) has attracted much consideration as biodegradable biocompatible polymer. This thermoplastic polymer has comparable material properties to polypropylene. Materials with more valuable properties may result from blending, a common practice in polymer science. Objective: In this paper, blends of PHB (extracted from cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum NCCU- 442 with polyethylene glycol (PEG) were investigated for their thermal, tensile, hydrophilic and biodegradation properties. Methods: Blends were prepared in different proportions of PHB/PEG viz. 100/0, 98/2, 95/5, 90/10, 80/20, and 70/30 (wt %) using solvent casting technique. Morphological properties were investigated by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were done for thermal properties determination whereas the mechanical and hydrophilic properties of the blends were studied by means of an automated material testing system and contact angle analyser respectively. Biodegradability potential of the blended films was tested as percent weight loss by mixed microbial culture within 60 days. Results: The blends showed good misciblity between PEG and PHB, however increasing concentrations of plasticizer caused morphological alteration as evidenced by SEM micrographs. PEG addition (10 % and above) showed significant alternations in the thermal properties of the blends. Increase in the PEG content increased the elongation at break ratio i.e enhanced the required plasticity of PHB. Rate of microbial facilitated degradation of the blends was greater with increasing PEG concentrations. Conclusion: Blending with PEG increased the crucial polymeric properties of cyanobacterial PHB.

scholarly journals Improved Processing and Properties for Polyphenylene Oxide Modified by Diallyl Orthophthalate Prepolymer

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2016
Author(s):  
Honghua Wang ◽  
Qilin Mei ◽  
Yujie Ding ◽  
Zhixiong Huang ◽  
Minxian Shi
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Gradual Decrease ◽  
Gel Point ◽  
Dynamic Mode ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Polyphenylene Oxide

Diallyl orthophthalate (DAOP) prepolymer was investigated as a reactive plasticizer to improve the processability of thermoplastics. The rheology of blends of DAOP prepolymer initiated by 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-diphenylbutane (DMDPB) and polyphenylene oxide (PPO) was monitored during the curing process, and their thermal properties and morphology in separated phases were also studied. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that the cure degree of the reactively plasticized DAOP prepolymer was reduced with increasing PPO due to the dilution effect. The increasing amount of the DAOP prepolymer led to a gradual decrease in the viscosity of the blends and the rheology behavior was consistent with the chemical gelation of DAOP prepolymer in blends. This indicated that the addition of the DAOP prepolymer effectively improved processability. The phase separation occurring during curing of the blend and the transition from the static to dynamic mode significantly influences the development of the morphology of the blend corresponding to limited evolution of the conversion around the gel point.

Mechanical and thermal characterization of grafted PP-NCC nanocomposites

2019 ◽  
pp. 089270571987822
Author(s):  
Saud Aldajah ◽  
Mohammad Y Al-Haik ◽  
Waseem Siddique ◽  
Mohammad M Kabir ◽  
Yousef Haik
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

This study reveals the enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PP- g-MA) with the addition of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). A nanocomposite was manufactured by blending various percentages of PP, MA, and NCC nanoparticles by means of a twin-screw extruder. The influence of varying the percentages of NCC on the mechanical and thermal behavior of the nanocomposite was studied by performing three-point bending, nanoindentation, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy tests. The novelty of this study stems on the NCC nanoparticles and their ability to enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of PP. Three-point bending and nanoindentation tests revealed improvement in the mechanical properties in terms of strength, modulus, and hardness of the PP- g-MA nanocomposites as the addition of NCC increased. SEM showed homogeneity between the mixtures which proved the presence of interfacial adhesion between the PP- g-MA incorporated with NCC nanoparticles that was confirmed by the FTIR results. DSC and TGA measurements showed that the thermal stability of the nanocomposites was not compromised due to the addition of the coupling agent and reinforced nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Demonstration of Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage in Zinc Oxide Microencapsulated Sodium Nitrate

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6234
Author(s):  
Ciprian Neagoe ◽  
Ioan Albert Tudor ◽  
Cristina Florentina Ciobota ◽  
Cristian Bogdanescu ◽  
Paul Stanciu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Metal Corrosion ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

Microencapsulation of sodium nitrate (NaNO3) as phase change material for high temperature thermal energy storage aims to reduce costs related to metal corrosion in storage tanks. The goal of this work was to test in a prototype thermal energy storage tank (16.7 L internal volume) the thermal properties of NaNO3 microencapsulated in zinc oxide shells, and estimate the potential of NaNO3–ZnO microcapsules for thermal storage applications. A fast and scalable microencapsulation procedure was developed, a flow calorimetry method was adapted, and a template document created to perform tank thermal transfer simulation by the finite element method (FEM) was set in Microsoft Excel. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transient plane source (TPS) methods were used to measure, in small samples, the temperature dependency of melting/solidification heat, specific heat, and thermal conductivity of the NaNO3–ZnO microcapsules. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical analysis demonstrated the stability of microcapsules over multiple tank charge–discharge cycles. The energy stored as latent heat is available for a temperature interval from 303 to 285 °C, corresponding to onset–offset for NaNO3 solidification. Charge–self-discharge experiments on the pilot tank showed that the amount of thermal energy stored in this interval largely corresponds to the NaNO3 content of the microcapsules; the high temperature energy density of microcapsules is estimated in the range from 145 to 179 MJ/m3. Comparison between real tank experiments and FEM simulations demonstrated that DSC and TPS laboratory measurements on microcapsule thermal properties may reliably be used to design applications for thermal energy storage.

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