scholarly journals Activated Carbon Modification towards Efficient Catalyst for High Value-Added Products Synthesis from Alpha-Pinene

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7811
Author(s):  
Joanna Sreńscek-Nazzal ◽  
Adrianna Kamińska ◽  
Piotr Miądlicki ◽  
Agnieszka Wróblewska ◽  
Karolina Kiełbasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Isomerization Reaction ◽  
Efficient Catalyst ◽  
Alpha Pinene ◽  
Carbon Modification ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Catalyst Content

DT0-activated carbons modified with HCl and HNO3 acids, which were used for the first time in the catalytic process of alpha-pinene isomerization, are presented in this study. The carbon materials DT0, DT0_HCl, DT0_HNO3, and DT0_HCl_HNO3 were examined with the following methods: XRF, SEM, EDX, XPS, FT-IR, XRD, and N2 adsorption at −196 °C. It was shown that DT0_HCl_HNO3-activated carbon was the most active material in the alpha-pinene isomerization process. Detailed studies of alpha-pinene isomerization were carried out over this carbon by changing the reaction parameters such as time (5–180 min) and temperature (60–175 °C). The 100% conversion of alpha-pinene was achieved at the temperature of 160 °C and catalyst content of 5 wt% after 3 h over the DT0_HCl_HNO3 catalyst. Camphene and limonene were the main products of the alpha-pinene isomerization reaction.

scholarly journals Oxytetracycline Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions on Commercial and High-Temperature Modified Activated Carbons

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3481
Author(s):  
Joanna Lach ◽  
Agnieszka Ociepa-Kubicka ◽  
Maciej Mrowiec
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Carbon Modification ◽  
Modification Method ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Proposed Modification ◽  
Modified Activated Carbons

The aim of the work was to evaluate the possibility of using commercial and modified activated carbons for the removal of oxytetracycline from aqueous solutions. The kinetics and statics of adsorption as well as the effect of the activated carbon dose and solution pH on the efficiency of the oxytetracycline adsorption were analyzed. Based on the study of oxytetracycline adsorption isotherms, the activated carbons were ranked in the following order: F-300 > WG-12 > Picabiol > ROW08 > WACC 8 × 30 > F-100 > WAZ 0.6–2.4. The most effective activated carbons were characterized by large specific surfaces. The best matching results were obtained for: Redlich–Peterson, Thot and Jovanovic models, and lower for the most frequently used Freundlich and Langmuir models. The adsorption proceeded better from solutions with pH = 6 than with pH = 3 and 10. Two ways of modifying activated carbon were also assessed. A proprietary method of activated carbon modification was proposed. It uses the heating of activated carbon as a result of current flow through its bed. Both carbons modified at 400 °C in the rotary kiln and on the proprietary SEOW (Joule-heat) modification stand enabled to obtain adsorbents with higher and comparable monolayer capacities. The advantage of the proposed modification method is low electricity consumption.

scholarly journals β-Cyclodextrin-Calcium Complex Intercalated Hydrotalcites as Efficient Catalyst for Transesterification of Glycerol

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1307
Author(s):  
Guanhao Liu ◽  
Jingyi Yang ◽  
Xinru Xu
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Collision Probability ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Efficient Catalyst ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Basic Strength

β-cyclodextrin derivative intercalated MgAl-hydrotalcites (β-CD-Ca/LDH) was synthesized to convert glycerol into high value-added glycerol carbonate(GC) by transesterification of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and glycerol in this paper. β-cyclodextrin-metal complexes and β-CD-Ca/LDH was characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, XPS and nitrogen adsorption-desorption. The enrichment of organic reactants in the hydrophobic cavity of β-cyclodextrin improved the collision probability of reactants. The intercalation of β-cyclodextrin-calcium complex (β-CD-Ca) increased the pore size and basic strength of catalyst. The experiment results showed that the glycerol conversion was 93.7% and the GC yield was 91.8% catalyzed by β-CD-Ca/LDH when the molar ratio of DMC and glycerol was 3:1, the catalyst dosage was 4 wt.%, the reaction temperature was 75 °C and the reaction time was 100 min while the glycerol conversion was 49.4% and the GC yield was 48.6% catalyzed by MgAl-LDH under the same conditions.

The Characteristics of Oil Palm Shell Biochar and Activated Carbon Produced via Microwave Heating

2014 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 12-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Abioye ◽  
Farid Nasir Ani
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Oil Palm Shell

Biochar was produced from oil palm shell via microwave-induced pyrolysis. The biochar was subsequently activated via microwave assisted CO2 activation. A simple single layer arrangement of the microwave absorber (coconut shell based activated carbon) and oil palm shell in the reactor was adopted during pyrolysis. In recent times, the treatment of oil palm biomass using microwave heating technology has been on the increase. Value added products such as bio-oil, gas, biochar and activated carbon are being produced while at the same time serving as waste management control. Biochar is seen as a promising climate mitigation tool. Activated carbons can be used as absorbent for the removal of pollutants from wastewaters, as air pollution control and as electrode for supercapacitor. This paper presents comparative study between the characteristics of oil palm shell biochar and oil palm shell activated carbon. BET surface area and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were analyzed to establish the characteristics of the biochar and activated carbon.

Valorization of agricultural waste into activated carbons and its adsorption characteristics for heavy metals

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bachar Koubaissy ◽  
Joumana Toufaily ◽  
Safaa Cheikh ◽  
Malak Hassan ◽  
Tayssir Hamieh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Xrd Study ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Pine Cones ◽  
Removal Fraction

AbstractActivated carbon derived from pine cones waste was prepared by carbonization at 450°C, activated by different activating agents: ZnCl 2, H 2 SO 4 and NaOH, and then pyrolyzed at 600°C. Adsorption of Cr VI and other heavy metals (Mn II, Fe II, Cu II) on activated carbons was investigated to evaluate the adsorption properties. Special attention was paid to the effects of carbon surface functionalities that were analyzed by FT-IR and zeta potential study. Moreover, XRD study of activated carbon was also carried out. Results had shown that activated carbon by NaOH was the best adsorbent for removal of chromium VI from wastewater. The solid-solution interaction was determined by analyzing the adsorption isotherms at room temperature at different pH. When pH is above 4, the removal fraction of Cr (VI) ions decreased with the increase of pH. The removal fraction of Cr (VI) ions decreased below pH 4. The preferable removal of Cu (II) over Mn(II) and Fe (II) could be due to its lower affinity to solvent.Pseudo-second order equation provided the better correlation for the adsorption kinetics data. Equilibrium isotherms were determined by Fowler-Guggenheim model.

Optimized Preparation of High Value-Added Activated Carbon and Its Adsorption Properties for Methylene Blue

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Yu ◽  
Zhijing Han ◽  
Shuqi Fang ◽  
Chun Chang ◽  
Xiuli Han
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Endothermic Process ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Iodine Adsorption

AbstractThe optimal preparation conditions of activated carbon (AC) derived from corncob (CC) by steam activation were investigated using response surface methodology. In response to iodine adsorption capacity, experimental design was established using three synthetic variables based on the Box–Behnken central composite design. The optimum conditions of 892 °C activation temperature, 40 min residence time, and 1:1.6 the mass ratio of char to H2O gave 1216.74 mg/g iodine adsorption value. AC was characterized using instrumental analyses consist of Brunauere-Emmette-Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of experimental parameters such as adsorption time, adsorbent dosage and pH on the uptake of methylene blue (MB) were studied. Experimental equilibrium data was analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips and Koble–Corrigan isotherm models. The results showed that the Freundlich and Koble–Corrigan models could properly represent the adsorption behavior of MB on AC. In addition, it was known that the adsorption of MB was a spontaneous and endothermic process from the thermodynamic parameters of ΔG, ΔHand ΔS.

scholarly journals Research on Powdered Activated Carbon Modification Using Chosen Chemical Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Remigiusz Guminski ◽  
Iwona Skoczko
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Wood Material ◽  
Control Activity ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
Carbon Modification ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Efficiency Control

Activated carbon has many applications in the environment, cosmetology, medicine and industry. The surface of each activated carbon can be modified to obtain the desired adsorption properties. Chemical activation can greatly affect the adsorption efficiency, control activity and application of the activated carbon. The aim of the study was to modify the selected activated carbon by chemical and physical methods, while maintaining these parameters so that it could be used in medicine. Powdered activated carbons with higher mechanical strength, large specific surface area and large macro-, meso- and micropore volume were prepared using natural waste wood material. This was followed by the digestion process and the washing of activated carbon. The study results indicate a significant influence of the centrifugal washing of activated carbon on the changes in the ash content and methylene index in the final product.

scholarly journals Production and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Baobab Fruit Shells by Chemical Activation Using ZnCl2, H3PO4 and KOH

2021 ◽  
Vol 2129 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
R Nedjai ◽  
N A Kabbashi ◽  
M Z Alam ◽  
M F R Al-Khatib
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Surface Characteristic ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Characterization Of Activated Carbon

Abstract Chemical agents have a good influence on the formation of activated carbons, surface characteristic, and its adsorption properties. In this study, the effect of activating agents (ZnCl2, KOH, and H3PO4) on baobab fruit shell (BFS) were evaluated. The characteristics of the baobab fruit shell based activated carbon (BF-ACs) were evaluated through the yield and iodine number. BF-ACs were also characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and nitrogen (N2) adsorption. SEM analysis illustrates those porous structures formed on the surface of BF-ACs were with different sizes. The XRD analysis show that the main structures of BF-ACs are amorphous. FT-IR data demonstrates the presence of different surface groups on the produced BF-ACs. Among activating agent, the KOH was observed to the most appropriate for the production of activated carbon with a large surface area (1029.44 m2/g) from baobab fruit shell.

scholarly journals Rice Straw: A Major Renewable Lignocellulosic Biomass for Value-Added Carbonaceous Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-303
Author(s):  
Mayanglambam Manolata Devi ◽  
Nidhi Aggarwal ◽  
Shunmugavel Saravanamurugan
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Carbonaceous Material ◽  
Carbonaceous Materials ◽  
Technology Applications

: Carbonaceous materials are proven to be vital in day-to-day life as well as in advanced science and technology applications. Rice straw, a secondary agricultural lignocellulosic biomass, has drawn great attention for the production of value-added carbonaceous material. Because, it can provide an alternative economic, greener and sustainable resource of carbon to non-renewable fossil fuelbased precursors while controlling the worsening situation of environmental pollution due to improper disposal and stubble burning. In this review, recent developments in the production of carbonaceous materials from rice straw are presented. Biochar and activated carbon were reported to be the prime carbonaceous materials prepared from the rice straw. Thus, pyrogenic preparation of biochar and the influence of its pyrolysis temperature to the yield, composition, surface area, porosity and morphology are preliminarily discussed. This is followed by a detailed discussion on the preparation of activated carbon with an emphasis on the influencing reaction factors for improving the characteristic properties of the activated carbons. Additionally, the major characterization techniques dealing with determining the surface area and porosity (BET analyzer) and microstructure (secondary electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM)) for both the carbonaceous materials are also discussed. Finally, major applications of both the carbonaceous materials are briefly reviewed. Thus, the present review clearly highlights the usefulness of agricultural lignocellulosic waste rice straw for the conversion of waste to value-added carbonaceous materials.

A Preliminary Study on the Preparation of Activated Carbon from Cyrtosperma chamissonis Petioles via Single Step H3PO4 Activation

2015 ◽  
Vol 799-800 ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
M.S. Mohammed Yahya ◽  
Jeyashelly Andas ◽  
Ghani Zaidi Ab
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Impregnation Temperature ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Highly Porous

In this study, highly porous activated carbon was prepared fromCyrtospermachamissonispetioles via single step H3PO4activation. The effect of impregnation temperature (RT – 90 °C) on the yield, porosity and surface area was investigated. The synthesized activated carbons were characterized by Na2S2O3volumetric method, SEM/EDX and N2adsorption-desorption analyses. The optimization investigation clearly showed that the impregnation temperature affected on the yield and the specific surface area of the materials. Under the optimum impregnation temperature of 75 °C, the registered iodine number and BET surface area were 1129.23 mgg-1and 1390.41 m2g-1respectively with yield percentage of 35.82. This preliminary study proves the successful conversion of plant waste into value added porous materials.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical Characterization of Agricultural Residues as Precursors for Activated Carbon Preparation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Antonio Canales Flores ◽  
Francisco Prieto García ◽  
Elena María Otazo Sánchez ◽  
Ana María Bolarín Miró ◽  
Otilio Arturo Acevedo Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Cellulose Decomposition ◽  
Pyrolysis Characteristics ◽  
Barley Husk

Biomass is a promising alternative and renewable energy source that can be transformed into other value-added products such as activated carbon. In this research, barley husk, corn cob and Agave salmiana leaves were characterized to determine their chemical composition and morphology to evaluate their potentiality as precursors of activated carbons. Based on the main composition results obtained, the biomass samples have suitable chemical and physical characteristics to be considered as good precursors of activated carbons, such as carbon contents greater than 40%, ash content less than 10%, moisture content less than 30%, high volatile contents with values from 75 to 80% and a porous and fibrous morphology. The results indicate that the main compositions in the biomass were cellulose and lignin. The cellulose content was more than lignin (15–26%) for the residues selected. Specifically, a-cellulose contents with values from 52% to 79%, β-cellulose contents of 13–44%, γ-cellulose contents less than 11%, and holocellulose contents of 82–83% were determined. The thermal decomposition for the biomass samples proceeded with five stages attributed to the evaporation of some volatile compounds (70–150 ºC), to the degradation of hemicellulose (180–230 ºC), to the cellulose volatilization (250–350 ºC), to the lignin decomposition (380–550 ºC), and to the degradation of complex polymers and inorganic salts, respectively. The stage corresponding to the cellulose decomposition showed rapid mass decreased in the three residues. This results show that the cellulose and lignin content is another important parameter to evaluate the pyrolysis characteristics of a good precursor of activated carbon.

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