scholarly journals Cytotoxic Potential of the Novel Horseshoe Crab Peptide Polyphemusin III

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Marggraf ◽  
Pavel Panteleev ◽  
Anna Emelianova ◽  
Maxim Sorokin ◽  
Ilia Bolosov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Horseshoe Crab ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Human Leukemia ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Trypan Blue Exclusion

Biological activity of the new antimicrobial peptide polyphemusin III from the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus was examined against bacterial strains and human cancer, transformed, and normal cell cultures. Polyphemusin III has the amino acid sequence RRGCFRVCYRGFCFQRCR and is homologous to other β-hairpin peptides from the horseshoe crab. Antimicrobial activity of the peptide was evaluated and MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration) values were determined. IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) values measured toward human cells revealed that polyphemusin III showed a potent cytotoxic activity at concentrations of <10 μM. Polyphemusin III caused fast permeabilization of the cytoplasmic membrane of human leukemia cells HL-60, which was measured with trypan blue exclusion assay and lactate dehydrogenase-release assay. Flow cytometry experiments for annexin V-FITC/ propidium iodide double staining revealed that the caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, did not abrogate disruption of the plasma membrane by polyphemusin III. Our data suggest that polyphemusin III disrupts the plasma membrane integrity and induces cell death that is apparently not related to apoptosis. In comparison to known polyphemusins and tachyplesins, polyphemusin III demonstrates a similar or lower antimicrobial effect, but significantly higher cytotoxicity against human cancer and transformed cells in vitro.

scholarly journals In vitro antimicrobial activity of total extracts of the leaves of Petiveria alliacea L. (Anamu)

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ania Ochoa Pacheco ◽  
Jorge Marín Morán ◽  
Zenia González Giro ◽  
Adrian Hidalgo Rodríguez ◽  
Rachel Juliet Mujawimana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Petiveria Alliacea ◽  
Quality Control Parameters

The antimicrobial activity of 13 total extracts was evaluated, 10 soft extracts (B) and 3 blended extracts (E) prepared from dry and fresh leaves of Petiveria alliacea L. Various solvents were used for their preparation: hydroalcoholic solution at 30%, 80% and isopropyl alcohol. The antimicrobial effect of the extracts was tested by means of the method of Kirby-Bauer, using four bacterial strains from the ATCC collection (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and a leveduriform fungus (Candida albicans). The following quality control parameters were determined for most active extracts: physical, physical-chemical and chemical parameters. The results were: nine extracts showed antibacterial activity, being the most concentrated (B8 and E3), the ones with the highest activity in the presence of the bacteria tested; the effect of blended extracts (E1, E2 and E3) was greater in the presence of P. aeruginosa. Blended extracts are considered more potent and active than soft extracts. No antifungal activity was obtained for both types of extracts. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined for both extracts, with the following results: MIC-soft extracts (>100 mg/mL), blended extracts (>50 mg/mL); MBC-soft extracts (≥400 mg/mL), blended extracts (≥200 mg/mL) based on fresh leaves.

scholarly journals Phenotypical studies of raw and nanosystem embedded Eugenia carryophyllata buds essential oil antibacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus strains

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
In Vivo Tests ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Considering the large number of the multiresistant bacterial strains and the increasing need in new antimicrobial formulation, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antipathogenic effect of E. caryophyllata essential oil on collection and recently isolated clinical strains of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Experimental assays were carried out by in vitro and in vivo tests. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of the antimicrobial activity was followed by the analysis of the essential oil influence on enzymatic soluble virulence factors expression. The cytotoxic effect of the vegetal extract was quantified by using HeLa cells. Nanosystem embedded essential oil was used to establish the in vivo antipathogenic effect on mice. Qualitative screening results revealed an early microbicidal effect quantified by low minimum inhibitory concentration values. The in vivo study showed a stabiliziation of the essential oil biological activities when using nanosystem embedding, that could be used for the design of proper formulations for delivery systems with antimicrobial effect.

scholarly journals In Vitro Coliform Resistance to Bioactive Compounds in Urinary Infection, Assessed in a Lab Catheterization Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4315
Author(s):  
Emanuel Vamanu ◽  
Laura Dorina Dinu ◽  
Cristina Mihaela Luntraru ◽  
Alexandru Suciu
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Functional Product ◽  
Tract Infections

Bioactive compounds and phenolic compounds are viable alternatives to antibiotics in recurrent urinary tract infections. This study aimed to use a natural functional product, based on the bioactive compounds’ composition, to inhibit the uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli. E. coli ATCC 25922 was used to characterize the IVCM (new in vitro catheterization model). As support for reducing bacterial proliferation, the cytotoxicity against a strain of Candida albicans was also determined (over 75% at 1 mg/mL). The results were correlated with the analysis of the distribution of biologically active compounds (trans-ferulic acid-268.44 ± 0.001 mg/100 g extract and an equal quantity of Trans-p-coumaric acid and rosmarinic acid). A pronounced inhibitory effect against the uropathogenic strain E. coli 317 (4 log copy no./mL after 72 h) was determined. The results showed a targeted response to the product for tested bacterial strains. The importance of research resulted from the easy and fast characterization of the functional product with antimicrobial effect against uropathogenic strains of E. coli. This study demonstrated that the proposed in vitro model was a valuable tool for assessing urinary tract infections with E. coli.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Plasma: AnIn VitroStudy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Cieślik-Bielecka ◽  
Tadeusz Bold ◽  
Grzegorz Ziółkowski ◽  
Marcin Pierchała ◽  
Aleksandra Królikowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bovine Thrombin ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

The aim of the study was to investigate the leukocyte- and platelet-rich plasma (L-PRP) antimicrobial activity. The studied sample comprised 20 healthy males. The L-PRP gel, liquid L-PRP, and thrombin samples were testedin vitrofor their antibacterial properties against selected bacterial strains using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Two types of thrombin were used (autologous and bovine). Zones of inhibition produced by L-PRP ranged between 6 and 18 mm in diameter. L-PRP inhibited the growth ofStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA and MSSA strains) and was also active againstEnterococcus faecalisandPseudomonas aeruginosa. There was no activity againstEscherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniae. The statistically significant increase of L-PRP antimicrobial effect was noted with the use of major volume of thrombin as an activator. Additionally, in groups where a bovine thrombin mixture was added to L-PRP the zones of inhibition concerning MRSA,Enterococcus faecalis, andPseudomonas aeruginosawere larger than in the groups with autologous thrombin. Based on the conducted studies, it can be determined that L-PRP can evokein vitroantimicrobial effects and might be used to treat selected infections in the clinical field. The major volume of thrombin as an activator increases the strength of the L-PRP antimicrobial effect.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS, SPECTRAL CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF BIS(CYCLOPENTADIENYL)TITANIUM(IV) COMPLEXES WITH SCHIFF BASES DERIVED FROM5-(SUBSTITUTED ARYL)-2-HYDRAZINO-1, 3, 4-OXADIAZOLE AND INDOLINE-2, 3-DIONE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (09) ◽  
pp. 900-909
Author(s):  
Anupama Srivastava ◽  
◽  
Shilpi Srivastava ◽  
Om. P. Pandey ◽  
Soumitra K. Sengupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schiff Bases ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Molar Conductance ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Monoclinic Crystal ◽  
Spectral Techniques ◽  
Concentration Method

Titanium(IV) complexes of type[(η5-C5H5)2TiCl(L)] have been synthesized by the reactions of bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium(IV)dichloride with Schiff bases (LH) derived by the condensation of 5-(substituted aryl)-2-hydrazino-1,3,4-oxadiazole and indoline-2,3-dione in tetrahydrofuranin the presence oftriethylamine. All these complexes are soluble in PhNO2, DMF and DMSO.The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, electrical conductance, magnetic susceptibility, UV-Vis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, XRD and SEM spectral techniques. Low molar conductance values indicate that they are non-electrolytes. The spectral data indicate5-coordinate geometry for the complexes.XRD pattern indicate that the complexes have monoclinic crystal system and particle sizes were found 49.36 nm (nano-size). In vitro antifungal activity of synthesized compounds was evaluated against fungi Aspergillusniger, Aspergillusflavus,ColletotrichumfalcatumandIn vitro antibacterial activity was determined by screening the compounds against gram negative (P. aeruginosa, S.typhi) and gram positive (S. aureus and B.subtilis) bacterial strains using minimum inhibition concentration method (MIC) by serial dilution technique. The titanocene(IV) complexes have higher antimicrobial effect than the parent Schiff bases.

scholarly journals Kefiran Ekstraktının Bazı Bitki Patojeni Bakterilerine Karşı Antimikrobiyal Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-894
Author(s):  
Bilgin Taşkın
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Acetic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Milk Product ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Different Temperatures

Kefir; is a fermented milk product which is produced by granules containing a wide variety of microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria, acetic acid bacteria and yeasts. It is traditionally consumed in many countries. It has been shown in many studies that the polysaccharide structure surrounding the granules which is composed mainly of kefiran molecule has antimicrobial effect against various pathogens as well as many health promoting effects. In this study, 24 h fermented kefir was used with two types of kefir granules for production of kefiran extract. One of them is being sold commercially and the other was collected from private households in a different region of Turkey. Kefiran extraction was carried out from matured kefir granules using three different temperatures, 80°C, 90°C and 100°C. Also, the protein contents of the extracted solutions were determined by Bradford method. Protein content of the extract solutions obtained were measured as 0.001 g/ml. The antibacterial effect of 0.05, 0.1, 1 and 2 mg of this extract against several plant pathogenic bacterial strains belonging to genus Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, Erwinia ve Clavibacter was investigated in vitro for the first time. For this purpose, two methods, disc diffusion method and spreading method were used. The AN and SD kefir supernatants used as the positive controls in the experiments showed an average of 13-17 mm and 10-14 mm inhibition zones on the isolates, respectively, but the antibacterial effect of kefiran extracts was not observed.

Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of Amidine Substituted Monocyclic β-Lactams

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Zhai ◽  
Lili He ◽  
Yuanbai Liu ◽  
Ko Ko Myo ◽  
Zafar Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Lead Target ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Clinical Interest

Background: Mononcyclic β-lactams are regarded as the most resistant class of β-lactams against a series of β-lactamases though possess limited antibacterial activity. Aztreonam being the first clinically approved monobactam needs broad-spectrum efficacy through structural modification. Objective: We strive to synthesize a number of monocyclic β-lactams by varying the substituents at N1, C3 and C4 positions of azetidinone ring and study the antimicrobial effect on variable bacterial strains. Methods: Seven new monobactam derivatives 23a-g, containing substituted-amidine moieties linked to the azetidinone ring via thiazole linker, were synthesized through multistep synthesis. The final compounds were investigated for their in vitro antibacterial activities using broth microdilution method, against ten bacterial strains of clinical interest. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of newly synthesized derivatives were compared with aztreonam, ceftazidime and meropenem, existing clinical antibiotics. Results: All compounds 23a-g showed higher antibacterial activities (MIC 0.25 µg/mL to 64 µg/mL) against tested strains as compared to aztreonam (MIC 16 µg/mL to >64 µg/mL) and ceftazidime (MIC >64 µg/mL). However all compounds, except 23d, exhibited lower antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial strains as compared to meropenem. Conclusion: Compound 23d showed comparable or improved antibacterial activity (MIC 0.25 µg/mL to 2 µg/mL) to meropenem (MIC 1 µg/mL to 2 µg/mL) in case of seven bacterial species. Therefore, compound 23d may be valuable lead target for further investigations against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria.

In vitro antimicrobial and preliminary phytochemical screening of some Samburu Anti‐diarrhoeal medicinal plants ‐ Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 217-226
Author(s):  
E. O. Omwenga ◽  
P. O. Okemo ◽  
P. K. Mbugua
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Local Isolate ◽  
Agar Disc

The antimicrobial effect of some selected Samburu medicinal plants was evaluated on bacterial strains like Staphylococcus aureus ‐ ATCC 20591, Bacillus subtillis ‐ Local isolate, Salmonella typhi‐ATCC 2202, Escherichia coli‐STD. 25922 and Pseudomonas aeroginosa ‐ ATCC 25852 and fungal strains like Candida albicans ATCC EK138, Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404, Aspergillusflavus‐Local isolate, Fusarium lateritium‐Local isolate, and Penicillium spp.‐ local isolate. Methanol was used as solvent for the extraction from the selected medicinal plants used by the Samburu community. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was performed by agar disc diffusion and micro‐dilution technique. The most susceptible Gram‐positive bacterium was S. aureus, while the most susceptible Gram‐negative bacterium was P. aeroginosa. The extracts of Gomphocarpus fruticosus (L) W.T. Aiton showed less activity against the bacterial strains investigated. The most active antibacterial plants were Euphorbia scarlatica S. Carter, and Euclea divinoram Hiern. Incidentally most of the extracts were inactive against the fungal strains with only a few proving to be slightly active against the C. albicans i.e. Loranthus acaciae Zucc., Kedrostis pseudogijef (Gilg) C. Jeffrey, Euclea divinoram Hiern. and Croton macrostachyus (A. Rich). Benths. The significant antimicrobial activity of active extracts was compared with the standard antimicrobials, cefrodoxima, amoxicillin and fluconazole. The MICs of the most active plants ranged from 18.75mg/ml to 37.50mg/ml. The MBCs ranged between 18.75mg/ml to75mg/ml. These results were significant at P< 0.01. The findings show that most of the medicinal plants used by the Samburu community have some significant activity on the bacterial but not fungal pathogens known to cause diarrhoea.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Efficacy of Fruit Peels Eco-Enzyme against Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5107
Author(s):  
Hetal Ashvin Kumar Mavani ◽  
In Meei Tew ◽  
Lishen Wong ◽  
Hsu Zenn Yew ◽  
Alida Mahyuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
The One

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), an effective endodontic irrigant against Enterococcus faecalis (EF), is harmful to periapical tissues. Natural pineapple-orange eco-enzymes (M-EE) and papaya eco-enzyme (P-EE) could be potential alternatives. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of M-EE and P-EE at different concentrations and fermentation periods against EF, compared to 2.5% NaOCl. Fermented M-EE and P-EE (3 and 6 months) at various concentrations were mixed with EF in a 96-well plate incubated for 24 h anaerobically. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of M-EE and P-EE were determined via EF growth observation. EF inhibition was quantitatively measured and compared between different irrigants using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and different fermentation periods using the independent-samples T-test. M-EE and P-EE showed MIC at 50% and MBC at 100% concentrations. There was no significant difference in antimicrobial effect when comparing M-EE and P-EE at 50% and 100% to 2.5% NaOCl. P-EE at 6 months fermentation exhibited higher EF inhibition compared to 3 months at concentrations of 25% (p = 0.017) and 0.78% (p = 0.009). The antimicrobial properties of M-EE and P-EE, at both 100% and 50% concentrations, are comparable to 2.5% NaOCl. They could therefore be potential alternative endodontic irrigants, but further studies are required.

In Vitro Investigation of the Antimicrobial Effect of Three Bisphosphonates Against Different Bacterial Strains

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Ermer ◽  
Simon C. Kottmann ◽  
Jörg-Elard Otten ◽  
Annette Wittmer ◽  
Philipp Poxleitner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
In Vitro Investigation
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