scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds from Marine Sponges: Fundamentals and Applications

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Disha Varijakzhan ◽  
Jiun-Yan Loh ◽  
Wai-Sum Yap ◽  
Khatijah Yusoff ◽  
Rabiha Seboussi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Fish Pathogens ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Theonella Swinhoei ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Sessile Invertebrates

Marine sponges are sessile invertebrates that can be found in temperate, polar and tropical regions. They are known to be major contributors of bioactive compounds, which are discovered in and extracted from the marine environment. The compounds extracted from these sponges are known to exhibit various bioactivities, such as antimicrobial, antitumor and general cytotoxicity. For example, various compounds isolated from Theonella swinhoei have showcased various bioactivities, such as those that are antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal. In this review, we discuss bioactive compounds that have been identified from marine sponges that showcase the ability to act as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-malarial and antifungal agents against human pathogens and fish pathogens in the aquaculture industry. Moreover, the application of such compounds as antimicrobial agents in other veterinary commodities, such as poultry, cattle farming and domesticated cats, is discussed, along with a brief discussion regarding the mode of action of these compounds on the targeted sites in various pathogens. The bioactivity of the compounds discussed in this review is focused mainly on compounds that have been identified between 2000 and 2020 and includes the novel compounds discovered from 2018 to 2021.

Production of Novel Bioactive Compounds by the Bacteria Associated with Some Marine Sponges of Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay, Southeast Coast of India

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
V. Ramadas ◽  
G. Chandralega
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Gulf Of Mannar ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Palk Bay ◽  
Excellent Source

Sponges, exclusively are aquatic and mostly marine, are found from the deepest oceans to the edge of the sea. There are approximately 15,000 species of sponges in the world, of which, 150 occur in freshwater, but only about 17 are of commercial value. A total of 486 species of sponges have been identified in India. In the Gulf of Mannar and Palk Bay a maximum of 319 species of sponges have been recorded. It has been proved that marine organisms are excellent source of bioactive secondary metabolites and number of compounds of originated from marine organisms had been reported to possess in-vitro and in-vivo immuno stimulatory activity. Extracts from 20 sponge species were tested for bacterial symbionts and bioactive compounds were isolated from such associated bacterial species in the present study.

scholarly journals Facile Use of ZnO Nanopowders to Protect Old Manual Paper Documents

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 5452
Author(s):  
Ludmila Motelica ◽  
Aurelian Popescu ◽  
Anca-Gabriela Răzvan ◽  
Ovidiu Oprea ◽  
Roxana-Doina Truşcă ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Accessible Method

One of the main problems faced by libraries, archives and collectors is the mold degradation of the paper-based documents, books, artworks etc. Microfungi (molds) emerge in regular storage conditions of such items (humidity, usually over 50%, and temperatures under 21 °C). If the removal of the visible mycelium is relatively easy, there is always the problem of the subsequent appearance of mold as the spores remain trapped in the cellulosic, fibrillary texture, which acts as a net. Moreover, due to improper hand hygiene bacteria contamination, old books could represent a source of biohazard, being colonized with human pathogens. An easy and accessible method of decontamination, which could offer long term protection is therefore needed. Here, we present a facile use of the ZnO nanopowders as antimicrobial agents, suitable for cellulose-based products, conferring an extended antibacterial and anti-microfungal effect. The proposed method does not adversely impact on the quality of the cellulose documents and could be efficiently used for biodegradation protection.

scholarly journals Microalgal Cell Biofactory—Therapeutic, Nutraceutical and Functional Food Applications

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 836
Author(s):  
Boda Ravi Kiran ◽  
S. Venkata Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Aquaculture Feed ◽  
Biological Extracts ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Food Applications ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Health And Well Being

Microalgae are multifaceted photosynthetic microorganisms with emerging business potential. They are present ubiquitously in terrestrial and aquatic environments with rich species diversity and are capable of producing significant biomass. Traditionally, microalgal biomass is being used as food and feed in many countries around the globe. The production of microalgal-based bioactive compounds at an industrial scale through biotechnological interventions is gaining interest more recently. The present review provides a detailed overview of the key algal metabolites, which plays a crucial role in nutraceutical, functional foods, and animal/aquaculture feed industries. Bioactive compounds of microalgae known to exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor, and immunomodulatory effects were comprehensively reviewed. The potential microalgal species and biological extracts against human pathogens were also discussed. Further, current technologies involved in upstream and downstream bioprocessing including cultivation, harvesting, and cell disruption were documented. Establishing microalgae as an alternative supplement would complement the sustainable and environmental requirements in the framework of human health and well-being.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activities of Marine Sponge-Associated Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Yitayal S. Anteneh ◽  
Qi Yang ◽  
Melissa H. Brown ◽  
Christopher M. M. Franco
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Sponge Associated Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Symbionts ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

The misuse and overuse of antibiotics have led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms, which decreases the chance of treating those infected with existing antibiotics. This resistance calls for the search of new antimicrobials from prolific producers of novel natural products including marine sponges. Many of the novel active compounds reported from sponges have originated from their microbial symbionts. Therefore, this study aims to screen for bioactive metabolites from bacteria isolated from sponges. Twelve sponge samples were collected from South Australian marine environments and grown on seven isolation media under four incubation conditions; a total of 1234 bacterial isolates were obtained. Of these, 169 bacteria were tested in media optimized for production of antimicrobial metabolites and screened against eleven human pathogens. Seventy bacteria were found to be active against at least one test bacterial or fungal pathogen, while 37% of the tested bacteria showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus including methicillin-resistant strains and antifungal activity was produced by 21% the isolates. A potential novel active compound was purified possessing inhibitory activity against S. aureus. Using 16S rRNA, the strain was identified as Streptomyces sp. Our study highlights that the marine sponges of South Australia are a rich source of abundant and diverse bacteria producing metabolites with antimicrobial activities against human pathogenic bacteria and fungi.

Bioactive compounds from marine sponges

1994 ◽  
Vol 66 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 2227-2230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuo Higa ◽  
J.-I. Tanaka ◽  
Atsushi Kitamura ◽  
Tomoyuki Koyama ◽  
M. Takahashia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Marine Sponges

Implant Infections Due to Enterococci: Role of Capsular Polysaccharides and Biofilm

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1079-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Fabretti ◽  
J. Huebner
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Teichoic Acid ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharides ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Artificial Joints ◽  
Artificial Hearts ◽  
Intravascular Catheters ◽  
Enterococcal Infections

Enterococci are natural inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract and of the female genital tract of humans and many animals. In recent years, enterococci have been increasingly recognized as important human pathogens causing infections associated with medical devices. Their resistance to most antimicrobial agents and their ability to form biofilm has contributed to the increasing incidence of nosocomial enterococcal infections. Enterococci possess a capsular polysaccharide composed of a glycerol-teichoic acid-like molecule consisting of repeating units of 6-α-D-glucose-1-2-glycerol-3-PO4, substituted on carbon 2 with a α-2,1-linked molecule of glucose. Using both immunologic and genetic data E. faecalis can be assigned to specific serotypes based on capsular polysaccharides. Clinical examples of foreign-body infections due to enterococci are described, comprising infections of artificial joints, implanted intravascular catheters, artificial hearts and artificial valves, stents, liquor shunt devices, and intraocular infections. Methods to prevent and/or treat enterococcal infections are presented.

Fluorinated s-Triazinyl Piperazines as Antimicrobial Agents

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul V. Patel ◽  
Premlata Kumari ◽  
Kishor H. Chikhalia
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
Aspergillus Clavatus ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Triazine Derivatives ◽  
C Nmr

A series of 1,3,5-triazine derivatives that contain 4-amino-2-trifl uoromethyl-benzonitrile, 8-hydroxyquinoline, and different piperazines as substituents at the carbon atoms of the triazine ring have been synthesized by a simple and efficient synthetic protocol. The chemical structures of the compounds were elucidated with the aid of IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The antimicrobial activity of the compounds was tested against seven bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96, Bacillus cereus MTCC 619, Escherichia coli MTCC 739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 741, Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC 109, Salmonella typhi MTCC 733, Proteus vulgaris MTCC 1771) and four fungi (Aspergillus niger MTCC 282, Aspergillus fumigatus MTCC 343, Aspergillus clavatus MTCC 1323, Candida albicans MTCC 183). The results indicate that some of the novel s-triazines have noteworthy activity in minimum inhibitory concentration as well as agar diffusion tests.

Disease Changes: Microbial and Vector Adaptation

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Cliff ◽  
M.R. Smallman-Raynor ◽  
P. Haggett ◽  
D.F. Stroup ◽  
S.B. Thacker
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ecological Change ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Continuous State ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Microbial Change

In this and the next four chapters, we examine five change agents which have facilitated the emergence and re-emergence of infectious human diseases. Each agent—microbial and genetic adaptation, technology and industry, changes in host populations, environmental and ecological change, and war as a disease amplifier—has underpinned over the centuries both the appearance of new diseases and the waxing and waning of familiar infections. As shown in Figure II.1, the agents are not independent and commonly interact in complex ways to facilitate microbe emergence and re-emergence at different times and in different geographical locations. Accordingly, we also explore these interactions in our account. We begin here with microbial and vector adaptation. Disease microbes are in a continuous state of evolution, responding and adapting to the challenges and opportunities afforded by their hosts and their environments (Morse 1995). New pathogens are evolving, old pathogens are developing enhanced virulence and new clinical expressions, and susceptible pathogens are acquiring resistance to antimicrobial agents. In parallel, the environmental tolerance bands of both old and new pathogens are also changing (Cohen 1998). Not only are disease microbes in a continuous state of evolution. So, too, are the arthropod vectors that transmit many human pathogens. In the second half of the twentieth century, many of these vectors have developed tolerance to an expanding range of insecticides, larvicides, pupicides, and other chemical agents used in their control (World Health Organization 1992c). Against this background, our examination of microbial change and vector adaptation is structured around the three interlinked themes shown in Figure 4.1. We begin in Section 4.2 by examining the issue of natural variation in pathogens and illustrate this with special reference to the emergence and spread of novel subtypes of influenza A virus. We then examine the topic of selective pressure and genetic change in the context of the man-made problems of pathogen resistance to antimicrobials (Section 4.3) and vector resistance to insecticides (Section 4.4). The processes of microbial change and vector adaptation are not intrinsically geographical but they take place within, and are inextricably linked to, specific geographical environments. This gives a strong geographical emphasis to our discussion.

scholarly journals Lesson from Ecotoxicity: Revisiting the Microbial Lipopeptides for the Management of Emerging Diseases for Crop Protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1434
Author(s):  
Deepti Malviya ◽  
Pramod Kumar Sahu ◽  
Udai B. Singh ◽  
Surinder Paul ◽  
Amrita Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Biological Pest Control ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition

Microorganisms area treasure in terms of theproduction of various bioactive compounds which are being explored in different arenas of applied sciences. In agriculture, microbes and their bioactive compounds are being utilized in growth promotion and health promotion withnutrient fortification and its acquisition. Exhaustive explorations are unraveling the vast diversity of microbialcompounds with their potential usage in solving multiferous problems incrop production. Lipopeptides are one of such microbial compounds which havestrong antimicrobial properties against different plant pathogens. These compounds are reported to be produced by bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, and few other microorganisms; however, genus Bacillus alone produces a majority of diverse lipopeptides. Lipopeptides are low molecular weight compounds which havemultiple industrial roles apart from being usedas biosurfactants and antimicrobials. In plant protection, lipopeptides have wide prospects owing totheirpore-forming ability in pathogens, siderophore activity, biofilm inhibition, and dislodging activity, preventing colonization bypathogens, antiviral activity, etc. Microbes with lipopeptides that haveall these actions are good biocontrol agents. Exploring these antimicrobial compounds could widen the vistasof biological pest control for existing and emerging plant pathogens. The broader diversity and strong antimicrobial behavior of lipopeptides could be a boon for dealing withcomplex pathosystems and controlling diseases of greater economic importance. Understanding which and how these compounds modulate the synthesis and production of defense-related biomolecules in the plants is a key question—the answer of whichneeds in-depth investigation. The present reviewprovides a comprehensive picture of important lipopeptides produced by plant microbiome, their isolation, characterization, mechanisms of disease control, behavior against phytopathogens to understand different aspects of antagonism, and potential prospects for future explorations as antimicrobial agents. Understanding and exploring the antimicrobial lipopeptides from bacteria and fungi could also open upan entire new arena of biopesticides for effective control of devastating plant diseases.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus rhamnosus OSU-PECh-69, a Cheese Isolate with Antibacterial Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (37) ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel García-Cano ◽  
Walaa E. Hussein ◽  
Diana Rocha-Mendoza ◽  
Ahmed E. Yousef ◽  
Rafael Jiménez-Flores
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
A Genome

ABSTRACT The novel strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus OSU-PECh-69 was isolated from provolone cheese. It produces antimicrobial agents having a molecular mass of 5 to 10 kDa that are active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The strain has a genome sequence of 3,057,669 bp, a GC content of 46.6%, and up to two gene clusters encoding bacteriocins.

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