scholarly journals A Widely Metabolomic Analysis Revealed Metabolic Alterations of Epimedium Pubescens Leaves at Different Growth Stages

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Zhenxian Qin ◽  
Dengqun Liao ◽  
Yalan Chen ◽  
Chenyang Zhang ◽  
Ruipeng An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Cultivation Condition ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Metabolomic Level ◽  
First Time

Epimedium folium is the major medicinally-used organ of Epimedium species and its metabolic changes during the leaf growth have not been studied at the metabolomic level. E. pubescens is one of five recorded species in the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China and widely grows in China. A UPLC-ESI-MS/MS-based targeted metabolomic analysis was implemented to explore the metabolite composition in E. pubescens leaves under the cultivation condition and further to investigate their temporal variations among four representative growth stages. A total of 403 metabolites, including 32 hitherto known in Epimedium species, were identified in E. pubescens leaf, of which 302 metabolites showed the growth/development-dependent alterations. Flavonoid-type compounds were the major composition of the metabolites identified in this study. Most flavonoids, together with tannin-type and lignans and coumarin-type compounds, were up-regulated with E. pubescens leaf growth and maturation after the full flowering stage. Our results not only greatly enriched the existing Epimedium phytochemical composition database and also, for the first time, provided the metabolomics-wide information on metabolic changes during E. pubescens leaf growth and development, which would facilitate in the choice of an optimum harvest time to balance a higher biomass yield of Epimedium folium with its better medicinal quality.

scholarly journals Hydrostatic Densitometer for Monitoring Density in Freshwater to Hypersaline Water Bodies

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1842
Author(s):  
Ziv Mor ◽  
Hallel Lutzky ◽  
Eyal Shalev ◽  
Nadav G. Lensky
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
Lake Levels ◽  
Density Profiles ◽  
Water Column Stratification ◽  
Hypersaline Water ◽  
First Time

Density, temperature, salinity, and hydraulic head are physical scalars governing the dynamics of aquatic systems. In coastal aquifers, lakes, and oceans, salinity is measured with conductivity sensors, temperature is measured with thermistors, and density is calculated. However, in hypersaline brines, the salinity (and density) cannot be determined by conductivity measurements due to its high ionic strength. Here, we resolve density measurements using a hydrostatic densitometer as a function of an array of pressure sensors and hydrostatic relations. This system was tested in the laboratory and was applied in the Dead Sea and adjacent aquifer. In the field, we measured temporal variations of vertical profiles of density and temperature in two cases, where water density varied vertically from 1.0 × 103 kg·m−3 to 1.24 × 103 kg·m−3: (i) a borehole in the coastal aquifer, and (ii) an offshore buoy in a region with a diluted plume. The density profile in the borehole evolved with time, responding to the lowering of groundwater and lake levels; that in the lake demonstrated the dynamics of water-column stratification under the influence of freshwater discharge and atmospheric forcing. This method allowed, for the first time, continuous monitoring of density profiles in hypersaline bodies, and it captured the dynamics of density and temperature stratification.

scholarly journals Integrated Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal a Regulatory Network of Anthocyanin Metabolism Contributing to the Ornamental Value in a Novel Hybrid Cultivar of Camellia japonica

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1724
Author(s):  
Liqin Pan ◽  
Jiyuan Li ◽  
Hengfu Yin ◽  
Zhengqi Fan ◽  
Xinlei Li
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Camellia Japonica ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Hybrid Cultivar

Camellia japonica is a plant species with great ornamental and gardening values. A novel hybrid cultivar Chunjiang Hongxia (Camellia japonica cv. Chunjiang Hongxia, CH) possesses vivid red leaves from an early growth stage to a prolonged period and is, therefore, commercially valuable. The molecular mechanism underlying this red-leaf phenotype in C. japonica cv. CH is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the leaf coloration process, photosynthetic pigments contents, and different types of anthocyanin compounds in three growth stages of the hybrid cultivar CH and its parental cultivars. The gene co-expression network and differential expression analysis from the transcriptome data indicated that the changes of leaf color were strongly correlated to the anthocyanin metabolic processes in different leaf growth stages. Genes with expression patterns associated with leaf color changes were also discussed. Together, physiological and transcriptomic analyses uncovered the regulatory network of metabolism processes involved in the modulation of the ornamentally valuable red-leaf phenotype and provided the potential candidate genes for future molecular breeding of ornamental plants such as Camellia japonica.

The growth and development of the leaf in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). I. The plastochron index, a suitable basis for description

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (21) ◽  
pp. 2421-2428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren K. Coleman ◽  
Richard I. Greyson
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Morphological Status ◽  
Plastochron Index

Growth analysis indicates that the plastochron index (PI) is consistently applicable for describing the morphological status of the vegetative tomato shoot in quantitative terms, and pronounced seasonal variability in the growth habit is minimized. However, the PI is not applicable to tomato shoots after flower buds are produced at the vegetative apex. True leaf no. 3 goes through four growth stages which can be characterized in terms of the leaf plastochron index (LPI3). A basipetal trend in leaf growth and development is evident.

scholarly journals Impact of VOCs on the formation of ozone in a central China city during severe pollution periods

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bowei Li ◽  
Steven Sai Hang Ho ◽  
Sunling Gong ◽  
Jingwei Ni ◽  
Huairui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Central China ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Pmf Model ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Ozone Formation Potential ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
First Time

Abstract. In this work, a five-month sampling campaign was conducted for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for the first time in Zhengzhou City, Henan province, China, where ozone (O3) pollution has shown an increasing trend in recent years. Fifty-seven VOCs defined by the Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS) were sampled using canister method. Meanwhile, other O3 precursor gases were monitored online at four different sites between the time period of May–September, 2017. The results indicated that the average mixing ratio of ΣPAMS (31.57 ± 23.35 ppbv) in Zhengzhou was lower than the other megacities in China, while alkyne was in a significantly higher proportion. The abundances, compositions and ratios of PAMS showed strong spatial and temporal variations. Alkenes were the largest contributors to the ozone formation potential (OFP). On clear days, higher O3 levels were often accompanied with high ΣPAMS/NOx ratio at each site, demonstrating that the VOCs were more sensitive during the O3 formation period in Zhengzhou. Furthermore, source apportionmemt was conducted with Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model, and it was found that the use of compressed natural gas (CNG), the evaporation of gasoline and the exhaust from vehicles were the important sources for ambient VOCs at all four sites. Besides, the meterological conditions and long-range transport from other surrounding provinces also had an impact on the air quality determined using the cluster analysis. It is worth mentioning that the reduction in VOCs' emissions is necessary to suppress the O3 pollution.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and Lipidomic Analysis of Lipids in Forsythia suspensa

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Wu ◽  
Yinping Li ◽  
Wenjia Zhao ◽  
Zhiqiang Meng ◽  
Wen Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Dynamic Regulation ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Reference Information ◽  
Forsythia Suspensa ◽  
First Time ◽  
Differential Genes ◽  
Lipid Components

Forsythiae Fructus (Lianqiao in Chinese) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. The lipid components in Forsythiae Fructus are the basis of plant growth and active metabolism. Samples were collected at two growth stages for a comprehensive study. Transcriptome and lipidomics were performed by using the RNA-seq and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS techniques separately. For the first time, it was reported that there were 5802 lipid components in Lianqiao comprised of 31.7% glycerolipids, 16.57% phospholipids, 13.18% sphingolipids, and 10.54% fatty acids. Lipid components such as terpenes and flavonoids have pharmacological activity, but their content was low. Among these lipids which were isolated from Forsythiae Fructus, 139 showed significant differences from the May and July harvest periods. The lipids of natural products are mainly concentrated in pregnenolones and polyvinyl lipids. RNA-Seq analysis revealed 92,294 unigenes, and 1533 of these were differentially expressed. There were 551 differential genes enriched in 119 KEGG pathways. The de novo synthesis pathways of terpenoids and flavonoids were explored. Combined with the results of lipidomics and transcriptomics, it is hypothesized that in the synthesis of abscisic acid, a terpenoid, may be under the dynamic regulation of genes EC: 1.1.1.288, EC: 1.14.14.137 and EC: 1.13.11.51 in balanced state. In the synthesis of gibberellin, GA20-oxidase (GA20ox, EC: 1.14.11.12), and GA3-oxidase (GA3ox, EC: 1.14.11.15) catalyze the production of active GAs, and EC: 1.14.11.13 is the metabolic enzymes of active GAs. In the synthesis of flavonoids, MF (multifunctional), PAL (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase), CHS (chalcone synthase), ANS (anthocyanidin synthase), FLS (flavonol synthase) are all key enzymes. The results of the present study provide valuable reference information for further research on the metabolic pathways of the secondary metabolites of Forsythia suspensa.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal variations of CO<sub>2</sub> mole fractions observed at Beijing, Xianghe and Xinglong in North China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Minqiang Zhou ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
Bo Yao ◽  
Pengfei Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
North China ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variations ◽  
Boundary Layer Height ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Atmospheric CO2 mole fractions are observed at Beijing (BJ), Xianghe (XH), and Xinglong (XL) in North China using the Picarro G2301 Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy instruments. The measurement system is described comprehensively for the first time. The geo-distances among these three sites are within 200 km, but they have very different surrounding environments: BJ is inside the megacity; XH is in the suburban area; XL is in the countryside on a mountain. The mean and standard deviation of CO2 mole fractions at BJ, XH, and XL between October 2018 and September 2019 are 448.4 ± 12.8 ppm, 436.0 ± 9.2 ppm and 420.6 ± 8.2 ppm, respectively. The seasonal variations of CO2 at these three sites are similar, with a maximum in winter and a minimum in summer, which is dominated by the terrestrial ecosystem. However, the seasonal variations of CO2 at BJ and XH are more affected by human activities as compared to XL. By using CO2 at XL as the background, CO2 enhancements are observed simultaneously at BJ and XH. The diurnal variations of CO2 are driven by the boundary layer height, photosynthesis and human activities at BJ, XH and XL. Moreover, we address the impact of the wind on the CO2 mole fractions at BJ and XL. This study provides an insight into the spatial and temporal variations of CO2 mole fractions in North China.

scholarly journals Evaluation and prospect of scientific research capacity ranking for community healthcare centres in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000298
Author(s):  
Qian Liu ◽  
Jianwei Shi ◽  
Dehua Yu ◽  
Hua Jin ◽  
Xuhua Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Health Reform ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Research Capacity ◽  
Planning Commission ◽  
Community Healthcare ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
First Time

The National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China has proposed to improve the medical capacity of general practitioners and the establishment of general practice in recent health reform. For the first time, the ability to conduct scientific research was included in this reform, which demands community healthcare centres (CHCs) to strengthen their research capacity. The evaluation of community scientific research capacity has become an important endeavour to promote the implementation of research in CHCs. Since 2016, our research team has been working on an evaluation system and has published the scientific research capacity ranking for the top 100 CHCs in China. The latest released ranking of scientific research capacities of China CHCs has aroused great attention in the country.

scholarly journals Comparison of allelopathic effects of some brassica species in two growth stages on germination and growth of sunflower

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jafariehyazdi ◽  
F. Javidfar
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Brassica Spp ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Stages

Members of Brassicaceae have been frequently cited as allelopathic crop. The toxic effect of Brassica spp. may be caused by hydrolysis products of glucosinolates that occur in substantial amounts in the vegetative parts of Brassica spp. This study investigated the allelopathic potential of Brassica napus, B. rapa and B. juncea on the sunflower seed germination and seedling growth. Aqueous extracts of three species from two stages (full flowering and straw) of sampling were separately made with 0 (distilled water), 10, 20, 30 and 40% concentrations. This experiment was conducted in 2 &times; 3 &times; 5 factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design with five replications. There was a highly significant difference among different concentrations of extracts and also between two stages of extraction. All aqueous extracts significantly affected sunflower germination, germination rate, seedling root and hypocotyl length, fresh and dry matter weight when compared with distilled water control. The greatest concentration showed a stronger inhibitory effect. Root length was more sensitive to extracts than hypocotyl length.

scholarly journals CBMS-05 COMPREHENSIVE METABOLOMIC ANALYSIS OF IDH1R132H CLINICAL GLIOMA SAMPLES REVEALS SUPPRESSION OF Β-OXIDATION DUE TO CARNITINE DEFICIENCY

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii6-ii6
Author(s):  
Satsuki Miyata ◽  
Kaoru Tominaga ◽  
Eiji Sakashita ◽  
Masashi Urabe ◽  
Yoshiyuki Onuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Carnitine Deficiency ◽  
Idh1 Mutation ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Idh Mutation ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis ◽  
Human Gliomas ◽  
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry

Abstract BACKGROUND Gliomas with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation have alterations in several enzyme activities, resulting in various metabolic changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism for the better prognosis of gliomas with IDH mutation by performing metabolomic analysis. METHODS To comprehensively understand the metabolic state of human gliomas, we analyzed clinical samples obtained from surgical resection of glioma patients (grades II-IV) with or without the IDH1 mutation, and compared them with U87 glioblastoma cells overexpressing IDH1 or IDH1R132H cDNA. We used capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry for these analyses. RESULTS In clinical samples of gliomas with IDH1 mutation, levels of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) were significantly increased compared with gliomas without IDH mutation. Gliomas with IDH mutation also showed decreased 2-oxoglutarate and downstream intermediates in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and pathways involved in production of energy, amino acids, and nucleic acids. The marked difference in the metabolic profile in IDH mutant clinical glioma samples compared with that of mutant IDH expressing cells includes a decrease in β-oxidation due to acyl-carnitine and carnitine deficiencies. CONCLUSIONS These metabolic changes may explain the lower cell division observed in IDH mutant gliomas and may be one mechanism of the better prognosis in IDH mutant gliomas.

scholarly journals Spaceborne GNSS-R Observation of Global Lake Level: First Results from the TechDemoSat-1 Mission

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwen Xu ◽  
Wei Wan ◽  
Xiuwan Chen ◽  
Siyu Zhu ◽  
Baojian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite System ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Lake Levels ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
First Results ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Inland Water Bodies ◽  
First Time

Spaceborne global navigation satellite system reflectometry (GNSS-R) data collected by the UK TechDemoSat-1 (TDS-1) satellite is applied to retrieve global lake levels for the first time. Lake levels of 351 global lakes (area greater than 500 km2 and elevation lower than 3000 m each) are estimated using TDS-1 Level 1b data over 2015–2017. Strong correlations (overall R2 greater than 0.95) are observed among lake levels derived from TDS-1 and other altimetry satellites such as CryoSat-2, Jason, and Envisat (the latter two are collected by Hydroweb), although with large root-mean-square error (RMSE) (tens of meters) mainly due to the fact that TDS-1 is not dedicated for altimetry measuring purpose. Examples of the Caspian Sea and the Poyang Lake show consistent spatial and temporal variations between TDS-1 and other data sources. The results in this paper provide supportive information for further application of GNSS-R constellations to measure altimetry of inland water bodies.

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