scholarly journals N-Glycomics of Cerebrospinal Fluid: Method Comparison

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1712
Author(s):  
Byeong Gwan Cho ◽  
Cristian D. Gutierrez Reyes ◽  
Yehia Mechref
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Optimal Condition ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Digestion Efficiency ◽  
Sensitive Method

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contains valuable biological and neurological information. However, its glycomics analysis is hampered due to the low amount of protein in the biofluid, as has been demonstrated by other glycomics studies using a substantial amount of CSF. In this work, we investigated different N-glycan sample preparation approaches to develop a more sensitive method. These methods, one with an increased amount of buffer solution during the N-glycan release step with a lower amount of sample volume and the other with Filter-Aided N-Glycan Separation (FANGS), were compared with recent work to demonstrate their effectiveness. It was demonstrated that an increased amount of buffer solution showed higher intensity in comparison to the previously published method and FANGS. This suggested that digestion efficiency during the N-glycan release step was not in an optimal condition from the previously published method, and that there is a substantial loss of sample with FANGS when preparing N-glycans from CSF.

Endo-D-galacturonanase immobilized by adsorption on porous polyethyleneterephthalate

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 2716-2723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubomíra Rexová-Benková ◽  
Jiřina Omelková ◽  
Vladimír Kubánek
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
High Stability ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Operational Stability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fixation Strength ◽  
Action Pattern ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Degradation Degree

Endo-D-galacturonanase of Aspergillus sp. was irreversibly adsorbed on polyethyleneterephthalate in an acetate 0.1 mol l-1 buffer solution of pH 4.2. Immobilization of the enzyme resulted in lowering of its activity, the measure of which depended on the amount of the enzyme fixed on the carrier. The highest relative activity (42.4%) had the preparation containing 5.25 mg of the enzyme per 1 g of the carrier. The velocity and intensity of the sorption of the enzyme depended on the ionic strength of the medium, whilst pH, on the other hand, was of no influence. Endo-D-galacturonanase immobilized in a 0.1 mol l-1 buffer was characteristic a) of its fixation strength in salt solutions of various ionic strength and pH, in a 3 mol l-1 guanidine solution, and also in sodium pectate and pectin solutions, b) of its high stability during a long-lasting storage at 4 °C, c) of its operational stability. The immobilization led to a partial change of the action pattern onto the high-molecular substrate, manifested in lowering the decrease of viscosity to degradation degree ratio.

scholarly journals Feeding Value Assessment of Substituting Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Residue for Concentrate of Dairy Cows Using an In Vitro Gas Test

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Yuhui Zheng ◽  
Yanyan Zhao ◽  
Shenglin Xue ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Yajing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Value Assessment ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Cassava Residue

The feeding value of replacing concentrate with cassava (Manihot esculenta) residue in the feed of Holstein cows was confirmed using an in vitro gas test. The treatments consisted of 0% (control, CON), 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% inclusion of cassava residue in fermentation culture medium composed of buffer solution (50 mL) and filtrated rumen fluid (25 mL). The parameters analyzed included the kinetics of gas production and fermentation indexes. Forty-eight hours later, there were no significant differences on in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD), pH, and microbial crude protein (MCP) content among treatments (p > 0.05). However, the “cumulative gas production at 48 h” (GP48), the “asymptotic gas production” (A), and the “maximum gas production rate” (RmaxG) all increased linearly or quadratically (p < 0.01). The GP48 was significantly higher in the 25% treatment compared to the other treatments, except for the 30% (p < 0.01). The A was significantly larger in the 25% treatment compared to the other treatments, except for the 20% and 30% (p < 0.01). The RmaxG was distinctly larger in the 25% treatment compared to other treatments (p < 0.01); moreover, the “time at which RmaxG is reached” (TRmaxG) and the “time at which the maximum rate of substrate degradation is reached” (TRmaxS) were significantly higher in the 25% treatment than the CON, 20%, and 30% treatments (p < 0.01). Additionally, the content of ammonia-N (NH3-N) in all treatments showed linearly and quadratically decreases (p < 0.01), whereas total volatile fatty acid (VFA), iso-butyrate, butyrate, and iso-valerate contents changed quadratically (p = 0.02, p = 0.05, p = 0.01, and p = 0.02, respectively); all of these values peaked in the 25% treatment. In summary, the 25% treatment was associated with more in vitro gas and VFA production, indicating that this cassava residue inclusion level may be used to replace concentrate in the feed of Holstein cows. However, these results need to be verified in vivo.

Assessing bias, precision, and agreement in method comparison studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 778-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Taffé
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Confidence Bands ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Simultaneous Confidence Bands ◽  
Index Of Agreement

Recently, a new estimation procedure has been developed to assess bias and precision of a new measurement method, relative to a reference standard. However, the author did not develop confidence bands around the bias and standard deviation curves. Therefore, the goal in this paper is to extend this methodology in several important directions. First, by developing simultaneous confidence bands for the various parameters estimated to allow formal comparisons between different measurement methods. Second, by proposing a new index of agreement. Third, by providing a series of new graphs to help the investigator to assess bias, precision, and agreement between the two measurement methods. The methodology requires repeated measurements on each individual for at least one of the two measurement methods. It works very well to estimate the differential and proportional biases, even with as few as two to three measurements by one of the two methods and only one by the other. The repeated measurements need not come from the reference standard but from either measurement methods. This is a great advantage as it may sometimes be more feasible to gather repeated measurements with the new measurement method.

Optimization of Cross Sectioning for Solder Joint using Broad Ar Ion Beam Milling with Temperature Control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natsuko Asano ◽  
Tamae Omoto ◽  
Jinfeng Lu ◽  
Hirobumi Morita ◽  
Natasha Erdman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Solder Joint ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Semiconductor Manufacturing ◽  
Thermal Damage ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
Milling Method ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen Cooling

Abstract Understanding solder joints is very important for failure analysis in semiconductor manufacturing because it is commonly used for mounting semiconductor devices on boards. However, regarding sample preparation for analysis, solder poses challenges in crosssection preparation due to the differences in melting point and hardness of its constituents. Therefore, precision cutting methods such as ion milling are required. On the other hand, ion milling method usually causes thermal damage during cutting. In this paper, we tried to optimize the sample temperature during Ar ion milling using liquid nitrogen cooling [1].

A comparative study of qualitative immunochemical screening assays for the combined measurement of T-2/HT-2 in cereals and cereal-based products

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Meneely ◽  
F. Ricci ◽  
S. Vesco ◽  
M. Abouzied ◽  
M. Sulyok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
The Other ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Cost Implications ◽  
Electrochemical Array ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Preparation Techniques ◽  
Speed Of Analysis

Many different immunochemical platforms exist for the screening of naturally occurring contaminants in food from the low cost enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to the expensive instruments such as optical biosensors based on the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The primary aim of this study was to evaluate and compare a number of these platforms to assess their accuracy and precision when applied to naturally contaminated samples containing HT-2/T-2 mycotoxins. Other important factors considered were the speed of analysis, ease of use (sample preparation techniques and use of the equipment) and ultimately the cost implications. The three screening procedures compared included an SPR biosensor assay, a commercially available ELISA and an enzymelinked immunomagnetic electrochemical array (ELIME array). The qualitative data for all methods demonstrated very good overall agreements with each other, however on comparison with mass spectrometry confirmatory results, the ELISA and SPR assay performed slightly better than the ELIME array, exhibiting an overall agreement of 95.8% compared to 91.7%. Currently, SPR is more costly than the other two platforms and can only be used in the laboratory whereas in theory both the ELISA and ELIME array are portable and can be used in the field, but ultimately this is dependent on the sample preparation techniques employed. Sample preparative techniques varied for all methods evaluated, the ELISA was the most simple to perform followed by that of the SPR method. The ELIME array involved an additional clean-up step thereby increasing both the time and cost of analysis. Therefore in the current format, field use would not be an option for the ELIME array. In relation to speed of analysis, the ELISA outperformed the other methods.

scholarly journals Subarachnoid Fluid Lactate and Paraplegia after Descending Aorta Aneurysmectomy: Two Compared Case Reports

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Enrico Giustiniano ◽  
Silvia Eleonora Malossini ◽  
Francesco Pellegrino ◽  
Franco Cancellieri
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Postoperative Outcome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thoracoabdominal Aorta ◽  
Descending Aorta ◽  
Helpful Tool ◽  
Cord Injury

We report a comparison of two cases regarding subjects who underwent thoracoabdominal aorta aneurysmectomy. During the procedure we monitored cerebrospinal fluid lactate concentration. One patient experienced postoperative paraplegia and his cerebrospinal fluid lactate concentration was much higher than that in the other case, whose postoperative outcome was uneventful. Consequently we consider that monitoring the lactate concentration in cerebrospinal fluid during thoracic aorta surgical procedures may be a helpful tool to predict the ischemic spine-cord injury allowing for trying to recover it precociously.

Effect of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) on the stability of acrylic latex

e-Polymers ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangfeng Wu ◽  
Yue Tao ◽  
Hong Kang ◽  
Huixuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Glycidyl Methacrylate ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Acrylic Latex ◽  
The Core ◽  
Shell Particles ◽  
The Stability

AbstractThe stability of core-shell particles (CSPs) with butyl acrylate (BA) as the core and methyl methacrylate (MMA)/glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) mixture in various compositions as the shell was investigated by turbidity measurements. The experiments demonstrate that lower amount addition of GMA could not improve the latex stability. When the amount of GMA exceeded 2% of the total reactants, it began to improve the stability of the latex. With the increasing content of GMA, the latex became more and more stable. On the other hand, experimental data also show that the stability was improved by increasing the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS).

Automated Sample Depth Targeting with Low kV Cleaning by Focused Ion Beam Microscopy for Atom Probe Tomography

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo Jun Kwon ◽  
Jisu Ryu ◽  
Christopher H. Kang ◽  
Michael B. Schmidt ◽  
Nicholas Croy
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Atom Probe Tomography ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Sample Depth

Abstract Focused ion beam (FIB) microscopy is an essential technique for the site-specific sample preparation of atom probe tomography (APT). The site specific APT and automated APT sample preparation by FIB have allowed increased APT sample volume. In the workflow of APT sampling, it is very critical to control depth of the sample where exact region of interest (ROI) for accurate APT analysis. Very precise depth control is required at low kV cleaning process in order to remove the damaged layer by previous high kV FIB process steps. We found low kV cleaning process with 5 kV and followed by 2kV beam conditions delivers better control to reached exact ROI on Z direction. This understanding is key to make APT sample with fully automated fashion.

Regional effect of naltrexone in the nucleus of the solitary tract in blockade of NPY-induced feeding

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (2) ◽  
pp. R499-R503 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Kotz ◽  
M. J. Glass ◽  
A. S. Levine ◽  
C. J. Billington
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Opioid Receptors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Solitary Tract ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Regional Effect ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid

Naltrexone (NLTX) in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) decreases feeding induced by neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). We sought to determine the NTS region most sensitive to NLTX blockade of PVN NPY-induced feeding. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fitted with two cannulas; one in the PVN and one in a hindbrain region: caudal, medial, or rostral NTS or 1 mm outside the NTS. Animals received NLTX (0, 1, 3, 10, and 30 μg in 0.3 μl) into the hindbrain region just prior to PVN NPY (0.5 μg, 0.3 μl) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (0.3 μl). Food intake was measured at 2 h following injection. PVN NPY stimulated feeding, and NLTX in the medial NTS significantly decreased NPY-induced feeding at 2 h, whereas administration of NLTX in the other hindbrain regions did not significantly influence PVN NPY induced feeding. These data suggest that opioid receptors in the medial NTS are most responsive to feeding signals originating in the PVN after NPY stimulation.

scholarly journals Salmonella spp. in poultry carcass: evaluation of sample preparation methods and effect of storage under refrigeration on pathogen recovery

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Seiti Yamatogi ◽  
Carlos Roberto Padovani ◽  
Julia Arantes Galvão ◽  
Luciano Dos Santos Bersot ◽  
Jose Paes de Almeida Nogueira Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Production Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Pathogen Screening ◽  
Pathogen Recovery ◽  
Poultry Carcass ◽  
Sample Preparation Methods

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of different analytical units and the influence of storage under refrigeration on the detection of <em>Salmonella sp</em>. in naturally contaminated poultry carcasses. One hundred and thirty samples were collected during the production process soon after chilling (postchiller phase). Fifty-five samples were analyzed in up to 2 h after collection and 65 samples were analyzed after 72 h of storage. Pathogen screening was based on three different analytical units and a comparison was made between them. Carcasses were initially rinsed with 400 mL of diluent, and three different analytical units were incubated: total rinsing volume (TRV), a single 30 mL aliquot of the rinsing volume, and 25 g of skin from different areas of the carcass. Of all samples analyzed, 60% were positive for <em>Salmonella sp</em>. From the samples collected at the post-chiller phase, 57% were positive for the pathogen and 52.31% of these were detected by TRV; a better statistical performance (P&lt;0.05) when compared to the other analytical units. Of the refrigerated samples, 63% were contaminated, but there were no significant differences between analytical units (P&gt;0.05). There were no significant differences between the number of positive samples from the post-chiller phase and after 72 h of refrigeration. It was also seen that the use of different analytical units (one for the post-chiller phase and another for the refrigerated samples) in samples coming from the same production lot may give different results.

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