scholarly journals Back to the Roots—An Overview of the Chemical Composition and Bioactivity of Selected Root-Essential Oils

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3155
Author(s):  
Karin Lunz ◽  
Iris Stappen
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Angelica Archangelica ◽  
Sassafras Albidum ◽  
Biological Impacts ◽  
Ancient Times

Since ancient times, plant roots have been widely used in traditional medicine for treating various ailments and diseases due to their beneficial effects. A large number of studies have demonstrated that—besides their aromatic properties—their biological activity can often be attributed to volatile constituents. This review provides a comprehensive overview of investigations into the chemical composition of essential oils and volatile components obtained from selected aromatic roots, including Angelica archangelica, Armoracia rusticana, Carlina sp., Chrysopogon zizanioides, Coleus forskohlii, Inula helenium, Sassafras albidum, Saussurea costus, and Valeriana officinalis. Additionally, their most important associated biological impacts are reported, such as anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, pesticidal, and other miscellaneous properties. Various literature and electronic databases—including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Wiley—were screened and data was obtained accordingly. The results indicate the promising properties of root-essential oils and their potential as a source for natural biologically active products for flavor, pharmaceutical, agricultural, and fragrance industries. However, more research is required to further establish the mechanism of action mediating these bioactivities as well as essential oil standardization because the chemical composition often strongly varies depending on external factors.

Skuteczność i bezpieczeństwo stosowania korzenia Symphytum officinale L. – przegląd danych literaturowych

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kimel ◽  
Mirosława Krauze-Baranowska
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
History Of Use

Comfrey root – Symphyti radix has been present in medicine since ancient times. Nowadays, European Medicine Agency (EMA) restricts its only for external use, in short therapies not exceeding 10 days. The last decade has been characterized by the progress in research on the chemical composition and metabolism of biologically active compounds present in the root and leaves. The result is the presence of herbal medicinal products containing comfrey root extracts with reduced content or free of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids on the European market of herbal products. Moreover, the medicinal properties of leaves from another Symphytum species, namely Russian comfrey, are also in the use. The results of clinical trials indicate the beneficial effects of plant raw materials obtained from comfreys in musculoskeletal system disorders – comfrey root and skin inflammations – leaves of Russian comfrey. The paper presents the history of use, chemical composition, therapeutic effect and toxicity of comfrey, as well as characterizes clinical trials on products containing comfrey extracts from root and leaves.

scholarly journals Chemical composition, antimicrobial activity and biological properties of essential oils

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Saeidnejad ◽  
Peyman Rajaei
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Oil Repellent

Essential oils constitute a heterogeneous collection of chemical compounds. Their main characteristics are that they all synthesized by plants and are volatile and mostly soluble in ethanol. They have traditionally been obtained from plants and they have been widely used for insecticidal, medicinal and cosmetic purposes. Essential oils contains about 20–60 components at quite different concentrations and they are characterized by two or three major components at fairly high concentrations. Lately, the essential oils and various extracts of plants have gained special interest as sources of natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents because of the resistance to antibiotics that some microorganisms have acquired and the possible toxicities of the synthetic antioxidants. Spices consumed daily in different types of food to improve flavors, since ancient times, are well known for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. During recent decades, numerous numbers of plants have been monitored for their possible role as repellents and insecticides. In this review, the chemical composition profile of some important medicinal plants was evaluated, then antimicrobial properties of a number of essential oils was compared. Antioxidant activity of some essential oils was also considered. Finally, essential oil repellent properties an an important characteristics was evaluated. Further investigation for available data related to the other biological properties of medicinal plants essential oil is recommended.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i2.12043 International Journal of Life Sciences 9 (2) : 2015; 9-13

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Volatile Oils from the Pericarps of Indian Sandalwood (Santalum album) by Different Extraction Methods

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Hua Zhang ◽  
Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva ◽  
Yong Xia Jia ◽  
Jie Tang Zhao ◽  
Guo Hua Ma
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Hexane Extraction ◽  
Total Oil ◽  
Santalum Album L

The chemical composition of volatile compounds from pericarp oils of Indian sandalwood, Santalum album L., isolated by hydrodistillation and solvent extraction, were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The pericarps yielded 2.6 and 5.0% volatile oil by hydrodistillation and n-hexane extraction, and they were colorless and yellow in color, respectively. A total of 66 volatile components were detected. The most prominent compounds were palmitic and oleic acids, representing about 40-70% of the total oil. Many fragrant constituents and biologically active components, such as α- and β-santalol, cedrol, esters, aldehydes, phytosterols, and squalene were present in the pericarp oils. This is the first report of the volatile composition of the pericarps of any Santalum species.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of healthy and infected leaves by Forda riccobonii and Geoica swirskii of Pistacia atlantica Desf. collected from Maaziz region in Morocco

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 382-389
Author(s):  
Hazim Harouak ◽  
Jamal Ibijbijen ◽  
Touria Zair ◽  
Laila Nassiri
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Pistacia Atlantica ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
The Family ◽  
Traditional Pharmacopoeia ◽  
Health Field

The Atlas Pistachio, Pistacia atlantica Desf., from the family of Anacardiaceae is a widespread species in Morocco and widely present in traditional pharmacopoeia 1. This species is frequently infected by Forda riccobonii and Geoica swirskii  that are foliar galls-inducing aphids.The aim of this study was to compare the chemical composition of essential oils (EO) of the  infected and healthy leaves of Pistacia atlantica. The extraction of essential oils was performed by hydro-distillation using Clevenger, phytochemical screening was realized by revelations tests and chemical composition was identified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of some biologically active chemical compounds such as tannins, flavonoids, sterols and triterpenes. The infected leaves were richer in tannins than healthy ones, especially in gallic tannins.Also, the results reaveled that the EO yield of leaves with galls was higher (0.71%) than that of healthy ones (0.11%); also, the first type of leaves was predominated by α-Pinene (19.76%) followed by Terpinen-4-ol, Spathulenol and Sabinene with percentages of 11.94%, 8.90% and 7.63%, respectively. Whereas, healthy leaves were predominated by α-Amorphene (15.05%) followed by Terpinen-4-ol, Spathulenol and α-Muurolene with percentages of 7.17%, 6.46% and 6.20%, respectively.So, we arrived to conclude that infected leaves have a higher level of  monoterpenes hydrocarbon than healthy ones that contains interesting molecules useful in differentes domains, especially in the health field.

Biochemical Composition And Medical Value Of Pharmacy Chamomile

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (06) ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
Yuldashev Nasirdjan ◽  
◽  
Tuhtaeva Feruza ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Chamomile has been used in scientific and folk medicine since ancient times and is still widely used in medicine due to its high medicinal properties. The beneficial effects of the flavonoids, essential oils and other biochemicals contained in it prevent and fight many diseases in the body thanks to its positive effects.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition in Essential Oils of Schefflera octophylla L. Harvested in Hai Duong Province, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 2075-2078
Author(s):  
Tran Quoc Toan ◽  
Pham Quoc Long ◽  
Pham Minh Quan ◽  
Tran Thi Kim Gan ◽  
Luu Van Huyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Volatile Substances ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Activities

This study aims to determine the chemical composition of essential oils extracted from Schefflera octophylla L. harvested in Pha Dong commune, Chi Linh district, Hai Duong province, Vietnam. To determine the concentration of volatile components, GC - MS was performed. The results showed that the content of volatile substances occupied 97.07% of essential oils. Some main ingredients having medicinal properties were myrcene (9.0%), cis-β-elemene (6.67%), E-caryophylene (β-caryophylene) (24.91%), α-selinene (6.30%), β-selinene (7.29%). This study opens new potentials in the application of chemical ingredients in the fields of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, agriculture and in some therapeutic activities.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Volatile Components of Essential Oils of Selected Plants in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Lydia G. Mugao ◽  
Bernard M. Gichimu ◽  
Phyllis W. Muturi ◽  
Simon T. Mukono
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Major Chemical ◽  
Scanty Information ◽  
Test Plants

Essential oils are secondary metabolites that plants produce for protection from pests and predators, attraction of pollinators, and seed dispersal. The oils are made up of a mixture of compounds that give a characteristic flavour and odour. Currently, essential oils are receiving great attention in research for their phytochemical and antimicrobial activities. However, there is scanty information on the chemical composition of many plants. This study provides a detailed analysis of the chemical composition of essential oils of ginger, garlic, tick berry, and Mexican marigold in Kenya. The essential oils were extracted by steam distillation and analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The study identified a total of 52 different chemical classes from the essential oils of the four different plants that were analysed. Their percentage composition was also found to vary between the test plants. The essential oils of Mexican marigold constituted the highest composition of the identified chemical classes at 71.2%, followed by ginger at 55.8%, while both tick berry and garlic oils constituted 53.8% of the total classes identified. Terpenes constituted the highest composition in the essential oils of all the four test plants. Other major chemical classes included esters, ketones, organosulfurs, alkanes, cycloalkanes, steroids, aromatic hydrocarbons, and alkanols. Some of these chemical compounds have been shown to have a huge utility potential in biopesticides, pharmaceutical, and food industries, and hence, their industrial extraction and purification from the essential oils of these plants are recommended.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils of Curcuma Species

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noura Dosoky ◽  
William Setzer
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Volatile Chemicals ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Potential Safety ◽  
Health Related

Members of the genus Curcuma L. have been used in traditional medicine for centuries for treating gastrointestinal disorders, pain, inflammatory conditions, wounds, and for cancer prevention and antiaging, among others. Many of the biological activities of Curcuma species can be attributed to nonvolatile curcuminoids, but these plants also produce volatile chemicals. Essential oils, in general, have shown numerous beneficial effects for health maintenance and treatment of diseases. Essential oils from Curcuma spp., particularly C. longa, have demonstrated various health-related biological activities and several essential oil companies have recently marketed Curcuma oils. This review summarizes the volatile components of various Curcuma species, the biological activities of Curcuma essential oils, and potential safety concerns of Curcuma essential oils and their components.

scholarly journals Toxicity of essential oils: A brief overview of bioassays

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Katarina Stepić ◽  
Danijela Kostić ◽  
Jovana Ickovski ◽  
Ivan Palić ◽  
Gordana Stojanović
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
Ancient Times

Since the ancient times, people have used essential oils as a cure because they have noticed their beneficial effects on the human mind and body. What they did not know was how these essential oils actually affected the human body, as well as exactly what component or more of them were responsible for the activity of a particular oil. Therefore, a lot of attention has recently been paid to the detailed identification of the constituents of essential oil and determination of the biological activity of the essential oil itself, as well as of those identified constituents. The aim of this paper is to systematize the most used, most accessible and easily feasible techniques for determining the biological activity of essential oils. For this purpose, the following tests are mentioned in this paper: fumigation, insecticidal, pediculi-cidal, nematicidal, larvicidal, ovicidal, cytotoxic and antinociception bioassay.

scholarly journals Essential Oil Composition, Total Phenolic Content, and Antioxidant Activity - Determined from Leaves, Flowers and Stems of Origanum Vulgare L. Var. Aureum

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 555-561
Author(s):  
Cristian Moisa ◽  
Lucian Copolovici ◽  
Georgeta Pop ◽  
Andreea Lupitu ◽  
Virgiliu Ciutina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Specific Chemical

Abstract Origanum vulgare L. var. aureum is an aromatic medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family, rich in essential oils and antioxidants. Its specific chemical composition represents an important source of biologically active principles with diverse applications in food products and nutraceuticals. The aim of this study was to determine the differences between chemical composition of volatile oils, phenolic content and antioxidant activity of different plants parts: leaves, flowers, and stems. Essential oils from leaves and flowers had similar compositions with only few differences between γ-terpinene and trans-ß-ocimene. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were determined for the hydro-alcoholic extract obtained from post-distillation oregano waste material. The total phenolic content was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and varied from 3173 to 6522 mg GAE/L. The major compounds identified by HPLC were syringic acid, pyrocatechol, and catechin. Furthermore, all extracts showed high antioxidant activity, ranging from 31.3 to 44.5 mg GAE/L, with an inhibition percent varying from 63.1 to 88.6%.

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