scholarly journals Neuroprotective Potential of Limonene and Limonene Containing Natural Products

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4535
Author(s):  
Lujain Eddin ◽  
Niraj Jha ◽  
M. F. Nagoor Meeran ◽  
Kavindra Kumar Kesari ◽  
Rami Beiram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
The Family ◽  
Alternative Agent ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Limonene is a monoterpene confined to the family of Rutaceae, showing several biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antinociceptive and gastroprotective characteristics. Recently, there is notable interest in investigating the pharmacological effects of limonene in various chronic diseases due to its mitigating effect on oxidative stress and inflammation and regulating apoptotic cell death. There are several available studies demonstrating the neuroprotective role of limonene in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, anxiety, and stroke. The high abundance of limonene in nature, its safety profile, and various mechanisms of action make this monoterpene a favorable molecule to be developed as a nutraceutical for preventive purposes and as an alternative agent or adjuvant to modern therapeutic drugs in curbing the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. This manuscript presents a comprehensive review of the available scientific literature discussing the pharmacological activities of limonene or plant products containing limonene which attribute to the protective and therapeutic ability in neurodegenerative disorders. This review has been compiled based on the existing published articles confined to limonene or limonene-containing natural products investigated for their neurotherapeutic or neuroprotective potential. All the articles available in English or the abstract in English were extracted from different databases that offer an access to diverse journals. These databases are PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Collectively, this review emphasizes the neuroprotective potential of limonene against neurodegenerative and other neuroinflammatory diseases. The available data are indicative of the nutritional use of products containing limonene and the pharmacological actions and mechanisms of limonene and may direct future preclinical and clinical studies for the development of limonene as an alternative or complementary phytomedicine. The pharmacophore can also provide a blueprint for further drug discovery using numerous drug discovery tools.

scholarly journals Nuclear Receptors as Therapeutic Targets for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Lost in Translation

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Moutinho ◽  
Juan F. Codocedo ◽  
Shweta S. Puntambekar ◽  
Gary E. Landreth
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Lost In Translation

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by a progressive loss of neurons that leads to a broad range of disabilities, including severe cognitive decline and motor impairment, for which there are no effective therapies. Several lines of evidence support a putative therapeutic role of nuclear receptors (NRs) in these types of disorders. NRs are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate the expression of a wide range of genes linked to metabolism and inflammation. Although the activation of NRs in animal models of neurodegenerative disease exhibits promising results, the translation of this strategy to clinical practice has been unsuccessful. In this review we discuss the role of NRs in neurodegenerative diseases in light of preclinical and clinical studies, as well as new findings derived from the analysis of transcriptomic databases from humans and animal models. We discuss the failure in the translation of NR-based therapeutic approaches and consider alternative and novel research avenues in the development of effective therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.

New Therapeutic Drugs from Bioactive Natural Molecules: The Role of Gut Microbiota Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 478-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Di Meo ◽  
Stella Donato ◽  
Alba Di Pardo ◽  
Vittorio Maglione ◽  
Stefania Filosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs

scholarly journals Inhibition of Microglia Activation as a Phenotypic Assay in Early Drug Discovery

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Figuera-Losada ◽  
Camilo Rojas ◽  
Barbara S. Slusher
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Microglia Activation ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Disproportionate Number ◽  
Early Drug

Complex biological processes such as inflammation, cell death, migration, proliferation, and the release of biologically active molecules can be used as outcomes in phenotypic assays during early stages of drug discovery. Although target-based approaches have been widely used over the past decades, a disproportionate number of first-in-class drugs have been identified using phenotypic screening. This review details phenotypic assays based on inhibition of microglial activation and their utility in primary and secondary screening, target validation, and pathway elucidation. The role of microglia, both in normal as well as in pathological conditions such as chronic neurodegenerative diseases, is reviewed. Methodologies to assess microglia activation in vitro are discussed in detail, and classes of therapeutic drugs known to decrease the proinflammatory and cytotoxic responses of activated microglia are appraised, including inhibitors of glutaminase, cystine/glutamate antiporter, nuclear factor κB, and mitogen-activated protein kinases.

scholarly journals The role of Rho GTPases’ substrates Rac and Cdc42 in osteoclastogenesis and relevant natural medicinal products study

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Yusheng Dou ◽  
Liang Yan ◽  
Xiaobin Yang ◽  
Baorong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Rho Gtpases ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Recent Advancement ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cytoskeleton Rearrangements

Abstract Recently, Rho GTPases substrates include Rac (Rac1 and Rac2) and Cdc42 that have been reported to exert multiple cellular functions in osteoclasts, the most prominent of which includes regulating the dynamic actin cytoskeleton rearrangements. In addition, natural products and their molecular frameworks have a long tradition as valuable starting points for medicinal chemistry and drug discovery. Although currently, there are reports about the natural product, which could play a therapeutic role in bone loss diseases (osteoporosis and osteolysis) through the regulation of Rac1/2 and Cdc42 during osteoclasts cytoskeletal structuring. There have been several excellent studies for exploring the therapeutic potentials of various natural products for their role in inhibiting cancer cells migration and function via regulating the Rac1/2 and Cdc42. Herein in this review, we try to focus on recent advancement studies for extensively understanding the role of Rho GTPases substrates Rac1, Rac2 and Cdc42 in osteoclastogenesis, as well as therapeutic potentials of natural medicinal products for their properties on the regulation of Rac1, and/or Rac2 and Cdc42, which is in order to inspire drug discovery in regulating osteoclastogenesis.

Ethnobotany and the Role of Plant Natural Products in Antibiotic Drug Discovery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Porras ◽  
François Chassagne ◽  
James T. Lyles ◽  
Lewis Marquez ◽  
Micah Dettweiler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Plant Natural Products ◽  
Antibiotic Drug
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