scholarly journals Quantitative Visualization of the Nanomechanical Young’s Modulus of Soft Materials by Atomic Force Microscopy

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1593
Author(s):  
Seongoh Kim ◽  
Yunkyung Lee ◽  
Manhee Lee ◽  
Sangmin An ◽  
Sang-Joon Cho
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Quantitative Visualization ◽  
Tip Radius

The accurate measurement of nanoscale mechanical characteristics is crucial in the emerging field of soft condensed matter for industrial applications. An atomic force microscope (AFM) can be used to conduct nanoscale evaluation of the Young’s modulus on the target surface based on site-specific force spectroscopy. However, there is still a lack of well-organized study about the nanomechanical interpretation model dependence along with cantilever stiffness and radius of the tip apex for the Young’s modulus measurement on the soft materials. Here, we present the fast and accurate measurement of the Young’s modulus of a sample’s entire scan surface using the AFM in a newly developed PinPointTM nanomechanical mode. This approach enables simultaneous measurements of topographical data and forcedistance data at each pixel within the scan area, from which quantitative visualization of the pixel-by-pixel topographical height and Young’s modulus of the entire scan surface was realized. We examined several models of contact mechanics and showed that cantilevers with proper mechanical characteristics such as stiffness and tip radius can be used with the PinPointTM mode to accurately evaluate the Young’s modulus depending on the sample type.

scholarly journals Multi-material direct ink writing of photocurable elastomeric foams

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Dogan Yirmibesoglu ◽  
Leif Erik Simonsen ◽  
Robert Manson ◽  
Joseph Davidson ◽  
Katherine Healy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Transient Behavior ◽  
Soft Materials ◽  
Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Direct Ink Writing ◽  
Material Chemistry ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Double Networks

AbstractDevelopments in additive manufacturing have enabled the fabrication of soft machines that can safely interface with humans, creating new applications in soft robotics, wearable technologies, and haptics. However, designing custom inks for the 3D printing of soft materials with Young’s modulus less than 100 kPa remains a challenge due to highly coupled structure-property-process relationship in polymers. Here, we show a three-stage material chemistry process based on interpenetrating silicone double networks and ammonium bicarbonate particles that decouples the transient behavior during processing from the final properties of the material. Evaporation of ammonium bicarbonate particles at the final stage creates gaseous voids to produce foams with a low effective Young’s modulus in the 25 kPa −90 kPa range. Our photoirradiation-assisted direct ink writing system demonstrates the ability to maintain high resolution while enabling controlled loading of ammonium bicarbonate particles. The resultant multi-material possesses programmed porosity and related properties such as density, stiffness, Shore hardness, and ultimate strength in a monolithic object. Our multi-hardness synthetic hand and self-righting buoyant structure highlight these capabilities.

scholarly journals Dynamic Radiation Effects Induced by Short-Pulsed GeV U-Ion Beams in Graphite and h-BN Targets

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Philipp Bolz ◽  
Philipp Drechsel ◽  
Alexey Prosvetov ◽  
Pascal Simon ◽  
Christina Trautmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hexagonal Boron Nitride ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Target Surface ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Velocity Signal ◽  
Isotropic Graphite

Targets of isotropic graphite and hexagonal boron nitride were exposed to short pulses of uranium ions with ∼1 GeV kinetic energy. The deposited power density of ∼3 MW/cm³ generates thermal stress in the samples leading to pressure waves. The velocity of the respective motion of the target surface was measured by laser Doppler vibrometry. The bending modes are identified as the dominant components in the velocity signal recorded as a function of time. With accumulated radiation damage, the bending mode frequency shifts towards higher values. Based on this shift, Young’s modulus of irradiated isotropic graphite is determined by comparison with ANSYS simulations. The increase of Young’s modulus up to 3 times the pristine value for the highest accumulated fluence of 3 × 1013 ions/cm2 is attributed to the beam-induced microstructural evolution into a disordered structure similar to glassy carbon. Young’s modulus values deduced from microindentation measurements are similar, confirming the validity of the method. Beam-induced stress waves remain in the elastic regime, and no large-scale damage can be observed in graphite. Hexagonal boron nitride shows lower radiation resistance. Circular cracks are generated already at low fluences, risking material failure when applied in high-dose environment.

Ultrasonically synthesized organic liquid-filled chitosan microcapsules: part 2: characterization using AFM (atomic force microscopy) and combined AFM–confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy

Soft Matter ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 3192-3201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas Mettu ◽  
Qianyu Ye ◽  
Meifang Zhou ◽  
Raymond Dagastine ◽  
Muthupandian Ashokkumar
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is used to measure the stiffness and Young's modulus of individual microcapsules that have a chitosan cross-linked shell encapsulating tetradecane.

Measuring Young’s modulus of biological objects in a liquid medium using an atomic force microscope with a special probe

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Lebedev ◽  
A. P. Chuklanov ◽  
A. A. Bukharaev ◽  
O. S. Druzhinina
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscope ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
Atomic Force

scholarly journals Characterisation of the Material and Mechanical Properties of Atomic Force Microscope Cantilevers with a Plan-View Trapezoidal Geometry

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 2604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley D. Slattery ◽  
Adam J. Blanch ◽  
Cameron J. Shearer ◽  
Andrew J. Stapleton ◽  
Renee V. Goreham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Atomic Force Microscope ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Correction Factor ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Spring Constant ◽  
Beam Equation ◽  
Euler Beam ◽  
Plan View ◽  
Atomic Force

Cantilever devices have found applications in numerous scientific fields and instruments, including the atomic force microscope (AFM), and as sensors to detect a wide range of chemical and biological species. The mechanical properties, in particular, the spring constant of these devices is crucial when quantifying adhesive forces, material properties of surfaces, and in determining deposited mass for sensing applications. A key component in the spring constant of a cantilever is the plan-view shape. In recent years, the trapezoidal plan-view shape has become available since it offers certain advantages to fast-scanning AFM and can improve sensor performance in fluid environments. Euler beam equations relating cantilever stiffness to the cantilever dimensions and Young’s modulus have been proven useful and are used extensively to model cantilever mechanical behaviour and calibrate the spring constant. In this work, we derive a simple correction factor to the Euler beam equation for a beam-shaped cantilever that is applicable to any cantilever with a trapezoidal plan-view shape. This correction factor is based upon previous analytical work and simplifies the application of the previous researchers formula. A correction factor to the spring constant of an AFM cantilever is also required to calculate the torque produced by the tip when it contacts the sample surface, which is also dependent on the plan-view shape. In this work, we also derive a simple expression for the torque for triangular plan-view shaped cantilevers and show that for the current generation of trapezoidal plan-view shaped AFM cantilevers, this will be a good approximation. We shall apply both these correction factors to determine Young’s modulus for a range of trapezoidal-shaped AFM cantilevers, which are specially designed for fast-scanning. These types of AFM probes are much smaller in size when compared to standard AFM probes. In the process of analysing the mechanical properties of these cantilevers, important insights are also gained into their spring constant calibration and dimensional factors that contribute to the variability in their spring constant.

Evaluation of WB Coatings by Scanned Imaging Microscopy

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jikai Du ◽  
Bernhard R. Tittmann
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Attenuation Coefficients ◽  
High Attenuation ◽  
Nano Indentation ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Acoustic Evaluation ◽  
Acoustic Velocities ◽  
Thick Coatings ◽  
Scanning Acoustic Microscope

Organic thick coatings (epoxy, polyurethane, and acrylic-urethane) have been widely applied to high modulus substrates (e.g., steel) for anticorrosion protection. To improve performance, reinforced components (clay, bochmite, nanopaticles, etc.) are usually added to these coatings. However, the acoustic evaluation of these coatings is difficult due to their low acoustic velocities and high attenuation coefficients. In this paper, first, the scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) is used to image sub-surfaces, coating/substrate interfaces, and to measure acoustic velocities. Different phases can be observed on some coatings and defects can be found at some interfaces. Secondly, the atomic force microscope (AFM) is applied to image surfaces at high resolution (compared to SAM). These results agree with SAM images. Thirdly, a nano-indentation technique is utilized to measure the reduced Young’s modulus and absolute hardness of the coatings. The results show that epoxy has the highest Young’s modulus and acrylic-urethane has the lowest. Reinforced components can either increase or decrease Young’s modulus, and hardness depending on the coating material. Finally, results from the SAM, AFM and nano-indentation are compared and analyzed to optimize the evaluation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document