scholarly journals Gradient Microstructure Design in Stainless Steel: A Strategy for Uniting Strength-Ductility Synergy and Corrosion Resistance

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2356
Author(s):  
Qiong He ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Ming-Sai Wang ◽  
Feng-Jiao Guo ◽  
Yu Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Back Stress ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Mechanical Attrition ◽  
Gradient Microstructure ◽  
Nano Grains

Martensite transformation and grain refinement can make austenitic stainless steel stronger, but this comes at a dramatic loss of both ductility and corrosion resistance. Here we report a novel gradient structure in 301 stainless steel sheets, which enables an unprecedented combination of high strength, improved ductility and good corrosion resistance. After producing inter-layer microstructure gradient by surface mechanical attrition treatment, the sheet was annealed at high temperature for a short duration, during which partial reverse transformation occurred to form recrystallized austenitic nano-grains in the surface layer, i.e., introducing extra intra-layer heterogeneity. Such 3D microstructure heterogeneity activates inter-layer and inter-phase interactions during deformation, thereby producing back stress for high yield strength and hetero-deformation induced (HDI) hardening for high ductility. Importantly, the recrystallized austenitic nano-grains significantly ameliorates the corrosion resistance. These findings suggest an effective route for evading the strength–ductility and strength–corrosion tradeoffs in stainless steels simultaneously.

scholarly journals Microstructural Investigation of Co-Rolled Nanocrystalline Stainless Steel Sheets

2011 ◽  
Vol 702-703 ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine Retraint ◽  
M. Zakaria Quadir ◽  
Wan Qiang Xu ◽  
Laurent Waltz ◽  
Michael Ferry
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Composite Structure ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment ◽  
Microstructural Investigation ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Mechanical Attrition ◽  
Duplex Process

It is possible to produce a nanocrystalline, multilayered composite structure with enhanced mechanical properties by assembling three 316L surface nanostructured stainless steel plates by roll bonding. The Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment (SMAT) was first used to generate nanocrystalline layers on the elementary plates so that their mechanical properties were improved. They were then assembled through co-rolling. A composite structure of nanocrystalline layers of high strength alternating with more ductile layers was obtained to achieve both high strength and ductility. Microscopy observations and EBSD measurements were carried out and the bonding interfaces were analysed in detail to explore the mechanisms involved during the SMAT/Co-rolling duplex process.

RODFLEX HIGH-YIELD

Alloy Digest ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Very High

Abstract RODFLEX HIGH-YIELD is a stainless steel that develops exceptionally high strength levels by cold rolling. Rodflex 270 and Rodflex 290 are two grades with minimum tensile strengths of 270,000 and 290,000 psi, respectively. They provide a corrosion-resistant 300-type stainless alloy at the very high strength levels now being specified for many springs and related applications. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SS-289. Producer or source: Teledyne Rodney Metals.

scholarly journals Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Austenite Stainless Steel with Gradient Twinned Structure by Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1624
Author(s):  
Aiying Chen ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Jungan Jiang ◽  
Haihui Ruan ◽  
Jian Lu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Gradient Structure ◽  
Mechanical Attrition ◽  
Gradient Microstructure ◽  
Strength And Plasticity

Gradient structures in engineering materials produce an impressive synergy of strength and plasticity, thereafter, have recently attracted extensive attention in the material families. Gradient structured stainless steels (SS) were prepared by surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) with different impacting velocities. The microstructures of the treated samples are characterized by gradient twin fraction and phase constituents. Quantitative relations of gradient microstructure with impacting time and mechanical properties are analyzed according to the observations of SEM, TEM, XRD, and tests of mechanical property. The processed SSs exhibited to be simultaneously stiff, strong, and ductile, which can be attributed to the co-operation of the different spatial distributions of multi-scaled structures. The formation of gradient twinned structure is resolved and the strengthening by gradient structure is explored.

ARMCO 21-6-9

Alloy Digest ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Steel Alloy ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract Armco 21-6-9 is an austenitic stainless steel alloy designed for use in applications where a combination of high strength and corrosion resistance is desired. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance, and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-125. Producer or source: Armco Inc., Eastern Steel Division.

AL 15-7 PRECIPITATION HARDENING ALLOY

Alloy Digest ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Vacuum Arc ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract Allegheny Ludlum AL 15-7 Alloy is a chromium-nickel-molybdenum-aluminum semi-austenitic stainless steel. It is heat treatable to high strength and it has a moderate level of corrosion resistance. It is available both as a conventionally melted product and as vacuum arc or electroslag refined material. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-496. Producer or source: Allegheny Ludlum Corporation.

UNILOY 326

Alloy Digest ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Distinct Advantage ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Stress Corrosion Resistance

Abstract UNILOY 326 is a two-phase, ferromagnetic stainless steel characterized by high strength and very good general and stress corrosion resistance. It has distinct advantage for the fastener industry. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-241. Producer or source: Cyclops.

REPUBLIC 50

Alloy Digest ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Structural Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Bend Strength ◽  
High Yield Strength

Abstract Republic 50 is a high-strength low-alloy structural steel recommended where high yield strength and toughness combined with good weldability and corrosion resistance are required. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive, shear, and bend strength as well as fracture toughness and fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-205. Producer or source: Republic Steel Corporation.

CARPENTER CUSTOM 475

Alloy Digest ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Good Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Technology Corporation ◽  
Peak Aged ◽  
Carpenter Technology Corporation

Abstract Custom 475 stainless is a premium melted, high-strength, martensitic, precipitation-hardenable stainless steel. It provides good corrosion resistance and was designed to achieve a tensile strength up to 2000 MPa (290 ksi), combined with good toughness and ductility when in the H975 condition, peak aged at 525 deg C (975 deg F). Other combinations of strength are possible by applying aging temperatures up to 595 deg C (1100 deg F). The alloy is available in strip, wire, and small diameter bar. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: SS-974. Producer or source: Carpenter Technology Corporation.

ALLEGHENY LUDLUM TYPE 205

Alloy Digest ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Magnetic Permeability ◽  
Cold Working ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Austenitic Steels

Abstract Allegheny Stainless Type 205 is a chromium-manganese nitrogen austenitic high strength stainless steel that maintains its low magnetic permeability even after large amounts of cold working. Annealed Type 205 has higher mechanical properties than any of the conventional austenitic steels-and for any given strength level, the ductility of Type 205 is comparable to that of Type 301. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-640. Producer or source: Allegheny Ludlum Corporation. Originally published March 1996, revised October 1997.

CRUCIBLE 174 SXR

Alloy Digest ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Excellent Corrosion Resistance

Abstract Crucible 174 SXR is a premium-quality precipitation-hardening stainless steel designed for use as rifle barrels. It is a modification of Crucible’s 17Cr-4Ni that offers substantially improved machinability without sacrificing toughness. Its excellent corrosion resistance approaches that of a 300 series austenitic stainless steel, while its high strength is characteristic of 400 series martensitic stainless steels. At similar hardness levels, Crucible 174 SXR offers greater toughness than either the 410 or 416 stainless steels which are commonly used for rifle barrels. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming and heat treating. Filing Code: SS-1034. Producer or source: Crucible Service Centers.

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