scholarly journals Effect of Bread Structure and In Vitro Oral Processing Methods in Bolus Disintegration and Glycemic Index

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleixandre ◽  
Benavent-Gil ◽  
Rosell
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Starch Hydrolysis ◽  
Wheat Bread ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Intestinal Phase ◽  
Oral Processing

The growing interest in controlling the glycemic index of starchy-rich food has encouraged research about the role of the physical structure of food. The aim of this research was to understand the impact of the structure and the in vitro oral processing methods on bolus behavior and starch hydrolysis of wheat bread. Two different bread structures (loaf bread and bread roll) were obtained using different shaping methods. Starch hydrolysis during in vitro oro-gastro-intestinal digestion using the INFOGEST protocol was analyzed and oral processing was simulated by applying two different disintegration processes (basic homogenizer, crystal balls). The bread structure, and thus the shaping method during breadmaking, significantly affected the bolus particle size during all digestion stages. The different in vitro oral processing methods affected the bolus particle sizes after the oral phase in both breads, but they affected the particle size distribution after the gastric and intestinal phase only in the case of loaf bread. Aggregates were observed in the gastric phase, which were significantly reduced in the intestinal phase. When simulated oral processing with crystal balls led to bigger particle size distribution, bread rolls presented the highest in vitro starch hydrolysis. The type of in vitro oral processing allowed discrimination of the performance of the structures of the two breads during starch hydrolysis. Overall, crumb structure significantly affected texture properties, but also had a significant impact on particle size during digestion and starch digestibility.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF EFFECT OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS ON PHYSICAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PACLITAXEL LIPOSOMES

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Amol A. Tatode ◽  
Arun T. Patil ◽  
Milind J. Umekar ◽  
Darshan R. Telange
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Stoichiometric Ratio ◽  
Hemolytic Toxicity ◽  
Vitro Release

Objective: Aim of the present investigation was to determine the effect of various synthetic grades of phospholipids on paclitaxel liposomes (PTL).Methods: The PTL formulations using various grades of phospholipids were prepared by film hydration method. The prepared PTL formulations were physicochemically characterized by entrapment efficiency (EE, %w/w), vesicular size and particle size distribution. These formulations were also characterized for function parameters such as in vitro release and hemolytic toxicity assay.Results: The synthetic grades of phospholipids significantly influenced PTL formulations. The stoichiometric ratio (1:1) between CH and various synthetic phospholipids was found to be optimized one, from rest of the ratios. The characterization confirmed the formation of PTL. The EE was observed to be high (86.67%) as increasing the ratios between CH and phospholipids but then declined suddenly as further increasing the ratio. The best liposomal formulations showed that the spherical shape was found to be within size ranging from<10 µm, with a higher rate and extent of the release, ~86.22% of paclitaxel from PTL formulation. The results of the hemolytic toxicity study demonstrated that PTL formulations with a ratio (1:1) exhibited a significantly lower hemolytic toxicity (2.70%), compared to all formulations.Conclusion: The result revealed the excellent effect of phospholipids on paclitaxel liposomes. The paclitaxel liposomes prepared with CH: PL90G ratio (1:1) was found to be optimized one. The entrapment efficiency, particle size distribution, in vitro release and hemolytic activity with this ratio shown to be excellent as compared to other ratios.

scholarly journals Folate Receptor-Targeted Albumin Nanoparticles Based on Microfluidic Technology to Deliver Cabazitaxel

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanchao Meng ◽  
Yating Sun ◽  
Robert J. Lee ◽  
Guiyuan Wang ◽  
Xiaolong Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Mixing Efficiency ◽  
Microfluidic Technology ◽  
Delivery Efficiency

Microfluidic technology (MF) has improved the formulation of nanoparticles (NPs) by achieving uniform particle size distribution, controllable particle size, and consistency. Moreover, because liquid mixing can be precisely controlled in the pores of the microfluidic chip, maintaining high mixing efficiency, MF exerts higher of NP encapsulation efficiency (EE) than conventional methods. MF-NPs-cabazitaxel (CTX) particles (MF-NPs-CTX) were first prepared by encapsulating CTX according to MF. Folate (FA)- Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-NPs-CTX particles (FA-PEG-NPs-CTX) were formulated by connecting FA to MF-NPs-CTX to endow NPs with targeted delivery capability. Accordingly, the mean particle size of FA-PEG-NPs-CTX increased by approximately 25 nm, as compared with MF-NPs-CTX. Upon morphological observation of FA-PEG-NPs-CTX and MF-NPs-CTX by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), all NPs were spherical and particle size distribution was uniform. Moreover, the increased delivery efficiency of CTX in vitro and its strong tumor inhibition in vivo indicated that FA-PEG-NPs-CTX had a powerful tumor-suppressive effect both in vitro and in vivo. In vivo imaging and pharmacokinetic data confirmed that FA-PEG-NPs-CTX had good drug delivery efficiency. Taken together, FA-PEG-NPs-CTX particles prepared using MF showed high efficient and targeted drug delivery and may have a considerable driving effect on the clinical application of targeting albumin NPs.

scholarly journals Comparative in vitro evaluation of four corticosteroid metered dose inhalers: Consistency of delivered dose and particle size distribution

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 1167-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tjalling W. de Vries ◽  
Bart L. Rottier ◽  
Doetie Gjaltema ◽  
Paul Hagedoorn ◽  
Henderik W. Frijlink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Metered Dose Inhalers ◽  
In Vitro Evaluation ◽  
Metered Dose ◽  
Delivered Dose

The particle size distribution in colombian rice polishings and its effect on gas production by rumen micro-organisms in vitro

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 202-202
Author(s):  
D. Cardenas Garcia ◽  
H. Galbraith ◽  
C.J. Newbold ◽  
J.A. Rooke
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Microbial Numbers

Rice polishings (RP) which are produced as a by-product during the pearling of hulled rice have been successfully used as a supplementary food for ruminants. However, information on the effects of feeding RP on rumen fermentation is contradictory. Valdez et al. (1977) found RP had little effect on rumen fermentation in bulls and suggested that the stimulation in growth rate observed, with RP may be mediated by the provision of nutrients postruminally. In contrast, Cardenas et al. (1992) reported that RP stimulated volatile fatty acid concentrations and microbial numbers when added to a rumen simulating fermentor (Rusitec). One reason for these differences might be that changes in the milling process, used to produce RP, have resulted in a by-product with different physical characteristics to that used in earlier studies. The experiment described here was designed to investigate the particle size distribution in Colombian rice polishings and the effect of these fractions on the rumen fermentation in vitro.

scholarly journals Curcumin-loaded sterically stabilized nanodispersion based on non-ionic colloidal system induced by ultrasound and solvent diffusion-evaporation

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 43-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khang Wei Tan ◽  
Siah Ying Tang ◽  
Renjan Thomas ◽  
Neela Vasanthakumari ◽  
Sivakumar Manickam
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Narrow Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Colloidal System ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Solution Ph

AbstractCurcumin has been found to possess significant pharmaceutical activities. However, owing to its low bioavailability, there is a limitation of employing it towards clinical application. In an attempt to surmount this implication, often the choice is designing novel drug delivery systems. Herein, sterically stabilized nanoscale dispersion loaded with curcumin (nanodispersion) based on non-ionic colloidal system has been proposed. In this study, the process conditions were effectively optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) with Box–Behnken design (BBD). The suggested optimum formulation proved to be an excellent fit to the actual experimental output. STEM images illustrate that the optimal curcumin-loaded nanodispersion has spherical morphology with narrow particle size distribution. Particle size distribution study confirms that the solution pH does not affect the nanodispersion, and physical stability study shows that the colloidal system is stable over 90 days of storage at ambient conditions. More importantly, controlled release profile was achieved over 72 h and the in vitro drug release data fit well to Higuchi model (R2=0.9654).

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