scholarly journals Genome Size, Cytotype Diversity and Reproductive Mode Variation of Cotoneaster integerrimus (Rosaceae) from the Balkans

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2798
Author(s):  
Faruk Bogunić ◽  
Sonja Siljak-Yakovlev ◽  
Irma Mahmutović-Dizdarević ◽  
Alma Hajrudinović-Bogunić ◽  
Mickaël Bourge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Reproductive Mode ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
The South ◽  
Reproduction Mode ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Endosperm Formation ◽  
European Populations

Cotoneaster integerrimus represents a multiploid and facultative apomictic system of widely distributed mountain populations. We used flow cytometry to determine genome size, ploidy level, and reproduction mode variation of the Balkan populations, supplemented by analysis of nuclear microsatellites in order to address: (i) geographic distribution and variation of cytotypes among the populations; (ii) variation of reproduction mode and the frequency of sexuality; (iii) pathways of endosperm formation among the sampled polyploids and their endosperm balance requirements; (iv) genotypic diversity and geographic distribution of clonal lineages of polyploids. The prevalence of apomictic tetraploid cytotype followed by sexual diploids and extremely rare triploids was demonstrated. This prevalence of tetraploids affected the populations’ structure composed from clonal genotypes with varying proportions. The co-occurrence of diploids and tetraploids generated higher cytotype, reproductive mode, and genotypic diversity, but mixed-ploidy sites were extremely rare. The endosperm imbalance facilitates the development and the occurrence of intermediate triploids in mixed-ploidy populations, but also different tetraploid lineages elsewhere with unbalanced endosperm. All these results showed that the South European populations of C. integerrimus have higher levels of cytotype and reproductive diversity compared to the Central European ones. Therefore, the South European populations can be considered as a potential reservoir of regional and global diversity for this species.

scholarly journals Correction: Reproductive Mode and the Evolution of Genome Size and Structure in Caenorhabditis Nematodes

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e1005497
Author(s):  
Janna L. Fierst ◽  
John H. Willis ◽  
Cristel G. Thomas ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Rose M. Reynolds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Reproductive Mode ◽  
Size And Structure

An update to the taxonomy of the genus Macroderes Westwood 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with descriptions of new species from South Africa

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4504 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
ISHTIAG H. ABDALLA ◽  
CHRISTIAN M. DESCHODT ◽  
CLARKE H. SCHOLTZ ◽  
CATHERINE L. SOLE
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Species ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Extreme Points ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
The South ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Incertae Sedis

The genus Macroderes Westwood, 1842 (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae, tribe incertae sedis) is practically endemic to South Africa with only one species that is found little north in southern Namibia. The ranges of the species are limited to the winter-fall and bimodal biomes of South Africa comprising the regions of Richtersveld as extreme points of its northerly distribution, and extending to the south through Namaqualand to Cape Agulhas. The taxonomy of the genus is revised. Fourteen valid species are recognised and three others are of doubtful validity. Seven new species are described, these are: M. cederbergensis Abdalla & Deschodt, new species, M. tortuosus Abdalla & Scholtz, new species, M. gifboomi Abdalla & Scholtz, new species, M. leipoldti Abdalla & Deschodt, new species, M. oreatus Abdalla & Deschodt, new species, M. porselinus Abdalla, new species, and M. soleiana Abdalla & Deschodt, new species. Macroderes nitidus Harold, 1877 is redescribed and its lectotype is designated. The diagnostic characters as well as an updated geographic distribution of each species are summarised. An updated key of the genus, photographs of habitus, sclerites of internal sac, pronotum, pronotal punctures and elytra also are provided. 

Abstract 504: Regional Variations of Ischemic Stroke in The United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prateeth Pati ◽  
Adnan Khalif ◽  
Balaji Shanmugam
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
The South ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Geographic Distribution of Acute Ischemic Stroke admissions in the United States Background: The geographic distribution of acute ischemic stroke in the United States has not been evaluated, unlike the association shown with acute MI by Patel et al., (International Journal of Cardiology, 2014, 172.3). Our study looked at the geographic distribution and seasonal variation of acute ischemic stroke using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2011 - 2013. Methods: Adult admissions with a primary diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke were extracted from the NIS database using the ICD 9 code 434.91 from 2011 - 2013. Admission information included hospital region (West, South, Mid-Atlantic and Northwest) and seasonal admission rates (Winter=December-February, Spring=March-May, Summer=June-August, Fall=September-November). A Chi square analysis was used to analyze differences in categorical variables (we assumed a normal distribution of 25% per region). Results: A total of 120714 admissions were identified (weighted = 603361). There were more cases of acute ischemic stroke in the South (41.52 percent of admissions) compared to the mid Atlantic (21.4), Northwest (17.98) or West (19.08) with a p value < 0.0001. Each year between 2011 to 2013 showed a higher rate of admissions for acute ischemic stroke in the South. Taking the years into summation showed no statistically significant difference in seasonal variation in any of the regions. Conclusion: Our study shows a higher number of admissions for acute ischemic stroke in the South, but failed to show any seasonal differences. However, there are several studies that suggest a preponderance of admissions for acute myocardial infarction during the winter season, Spencer et al., (Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 1998, 31.2.) Further studies are needed to identify why there is a significant regional difference in the admission rates for acute ischemic stroke.

Comparative anatomy of the gut of the South American species of Amitermes, with description of two new species and an identification key based on soldiers and workers

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4751 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-104
Author(s):  
MAURICIO M. ROCHA ◽  
ELIANA M. CANCELLO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Comparative Anatomy ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
First Time

In this contribution we present updates on the taxonomy and morphology of the South American species of Amitermes. Two new species are described: Amitermes bandeirai, sp. n., from Brazil, and Amitermes lilloi, sp. n., from Argentina. Amitermes nordestinus is a junior synonym of Amitermes aporema. The imago of A. aporema is described for the first time. Detailed comparative gut anatomy of the eight species is presented for the first time. The geographic distribution of Amitermes in South America is expanded and the distribution patterns of some species are discussed. 

scholarly journals Reciprocal hybridization between diploid Ficaria calthifolia and tetraploid Ficaria verna subsp. verna: evidence from experimental crossing, genome size and molecular markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 189 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Popelka ◽  
Michal Sochor ◽  
Martin Duchoslav
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Aflp Analysis ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Aflp Data ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Genetic Clusters

Abstract Ficaria is a taxonomically intriguing polyploid complex with high morphological variability. Both hybridization and polyploidization have been suggested as the main evolutionary forces behind the high morphological variability in this genus; however, detailed studies are lacking. In Central Europe, two Ficaria taxa (diploid F. calthifolia and tetraploid F. verna subsp. verna) occasionally co-occur in local sympatry, which might result in hybridization. We investigated sympatric populations of the two Ficaria taxa using flow cytometry, chromosome counts, AFLP analysis and plastid DNA sequencing; we also performed experimental homoploid and heteroploid crosses to determine the frequency and direction of hybrid triploid formation, an alternative route of triploid origin (autopolyploidy) and the possibility of a one-step neoallotetraploid origin. Sympatric populations were composed of three genetic clusters corresponding to diploid F. calthifolia (2n = 16), tetraploid F. verna subsp. verna (2n = 32) and triploid plants (2n = 24). The holoploid genome size and AFLP data suggest a hybrid origin of the triploids, thereby making their formation via autopolyploidization in F. calthifolia unlikely. The triploid populations are monoclonal and of independent origin. In contrast, the parental populations exhibit high genotypic diversity and frequent sexual reproduction, including those of predominantly asexual F. verna subsp. verna. Experimental crossing confirmed that both parental taxa produce fertile seeds via a sexual pathway, but not by apomixis, and that both serve as pollen acceptors in heteroploid crosses, which is consistent with the plastid sequencing. However, hybridization is asymmetric, with maternal-excess crosses being significantly more successful. No signs of neoautotetraploidization or neoallotetraploidization were detected. In summary, recent gene flow between the studied Ficaria taxa is either limited or absent.

The Second Crusade as Seen by Contemporaries

Traditio ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 213-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giles Constable
Keyword(s):  
North Coast ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The North ◽  
River Elbe ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
South Shore ◽  
Naval Force

The years between 1146 and 1148 were signalized in the annals and chronicles of Medieval Europe by Christian campaigns on all fronts against the surrounding pagans and Moslems. The most important of these was directed towards the Holy Land, against the Moslems, who had recently seized Edessa. It consisted of no less than five expeditions. The two largest armies, commanded by the Emperor Conrad III and King Louis VII of France, followed the same route overland across the Balkans to Constantinople; both met with crushing defeats in Asia Minor and finally reached the Holy Land, as best they could, by land and sea. A third force, under Amadeus III of Savoy, moved down Italy, crossed from Brindisi to Durazzo, and joined the army of Louis at Constantinople late in 1147. In August of the same year a naval expedition led by Alfonso of Toulouse left the South of France and arrived in Palestine probably in the spring of 1148. At the same time, a joint Anglo-Flemish naval force sailed along the north coast of Europe, assisted the King of Portugal in the capture of Lisbon, proceeded around the peninsula early in 1148, attacked Faro, and presumably reached the Holy Land later that year. Meanwhile, in the northeast, four armies co-operated in a campaign against the pagan Wends across the river Elbe: a Danish army joined the Saxons under Henry the Lion and Archbishop Adalbero of Bremen in an attack on Dubin; another, larger, army led by Albert the Bear of Brandenburg and many other temporal and spiritual lords advanced against Demmin and Stettin; a fourth expedition, finally, under a brother of the Duke of Poland attacked from the southeast. In 1148, on the south shore of the Mediterranean, a powerful fleet under George of Antioch extended the control of Roger II of Sicily over the entire littoral from Tripoli to Tunis. In the West, four campaigns were directed against the crumbling power of the Almoravides. The Genoese in 1146 sacked Minorca and besieged Almeria. During the following year, the Emperor Alfonso VII of Castile advanced south through Andalusia and captured Almeria with the aid of a strong Genoese fleet, which in 1148 sailed north and joined the Count of Barcelona in his campaign against Tortosa. In the previous year, Alfonso Henriques of Portugal had captured Santarem and secured the assistance of the Anglo-Flemish fleet for an attack on Lisbon, which fell late in 1147.

scholarly journals Evidence of cryptic species in the blenniid Cirripectes alboapicalis species complex, with zoogeographic implications for the South Pacific

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 810 ◽  
pp. 127-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwan Delrieu-Trottin ◽  
Libby Liggins ◽  
Thomas Trnski ◽  
Jeffrey T. Williams ◽  
Valentina Neglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
The South ◽  
Rapa Nui ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Geographic Distributions

Rapa Nui, commonly known as Easter Island (Chile), is one of the most isolated tropical islands of the Pacific Ocean. The island location of Rapa Nui makes it the easternmost point of the geographic ranges for many western Pacific fish species that are restricted to the subtropical islands south of 20°S latitude. The blenniid fish speciesCirripectesalboapicalishas been thought to have one of the most extensive geographic distribution ranges among these southern subtropical fish species, extending from the southern Great Barrier Reef to Rapa Nui. A phylogenetic analysis was conducted to determine the taxonomic status of the species. The results provide genetic evidence that suggests that this formerly South Pacific-wide species comprises at least three cryptic species with allopatric geographic distributions. The analyses reveal the geographic distributions of these clades and their genetic relationships with each other, and with other species within the genusCirripectes. The processes that culminated in the current geographic distribution of this species complex and the zoogeographic implications of this finding for the South Pacific region are discussed.

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