scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Exopolysaccharide Encapsulated PCL/Gelatin Skin Substitute for Full-Thickness Wound Regeneration

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 854
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hivechi ◽  
Peiman Brouki Milan ◽  
Khashayar Modabberi ◽  
Moein Amoupour ◽  
Kaveh Ebrahimzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Activity ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Skin Substitute ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Skin Integrity ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
First Time ◽  
Full Thickness Wound

Loss of skin integrity can lead to serious problems and even death. In this study, for the first time, the effect of exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by cold-adapted yeast R. mucilaginosa sp. GUMS16 on a full-thickness wound in rats was evaluated. The GUMS16 strain’s EPS was precipitated by adding cold ethanol and then lyophilized. Afterward, the EPS with polycaprolactone (PCL) and gelatin was fabricated into nanofibers with two single-needle and double-needle procedures. The rats’ full-thickness wounds were treated with nanofibers and Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson’s Trichrome staining was done for studying the wound healing in rats. Obtained results from SEM, DLS, FTIR, and TGA showed that EPS has a carbohydrate chemical structure with an average diameter of 40 nm. Cell viability assessments showed that the 2% EPS loaded sample exhibits the highest cell activity. Moreover, in vivo implantation of nanofiber webs on the full-thickness wound on rat models displayed a faster healing rate when EPS was loaded into a nanofiber. These results suggest that the produced EPS can be used for skin tissue engineering applications.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of molecular interactions between mortalin/mtHsp70 and HSP60

2005 ◽  
Vol 391 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renu Wadhwa ◽  
Syuichi Takano ◽  
Kamaljit Kaur ◽  
Satoshi Aida ◽  
Tomoko Yaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Molecular Interactions ◽  
Heat Shock Protein 60 ◽  
Hsp60 Expression ◽  
Mitochondrial Hsp70 ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
First Time

Mortalin/mtHsp70 (mitochondrial Hsp70) and HSP60 (heat-shock protein 60) are heat-shock proteins that reside in multiple subcellular compartments, with mitochondria being the predominant one. In the present study, we demonstrate that the two proteins interact both in vivo and in vitro, and that the N-terminal region of mortalin is involved in these interactions. Suppression of HSP60 expression by shRNA (short hairpin RNA) plasmids caused the growth arrest of cancer cells similar to that obtained by suppression of mortalin expression by ribozymes. An overexpression of mortalin, but not of HSP60, extended the in vitro lifespan of normal fibroblasts (TIG-1). Taken together, this study for the first time delineates: (i) molecular interactions of HSP60 with mortalin; (ii) their co- and exclusive localizations in vivo; (iii) their involvement in tumorigenesis; and (iv) their functional distinction in pathways involved in senescence.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON CHARACTERIZATION OF THE LYMPHOID TARGET CELL FOR ACTIVITY OF A THYMUS HUMORAL FACTOR

1973 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varda Rotter ◽  
Amiela Globerson ◽  
Ichiro Nakamura ◽  
Nathan Trainin
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Humoral Factor ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Thymus Cells ◽  
Marrow Cells

The immune response to SRBC was measured in the spleens of adult thymectomized, total body irradiated mice injected with various combinations of thymus and bone marrow cells together with thymic humoral factor (THF). It was found that the number of plaque-forming cells was significantly increased when THF was given in vivo immediately after thymus cell administration or when thymus cells were incubated in THF before injection. On the other hand, bone marrow cells equally treated did not manifest any T cell activity, since THF-treated bone marrow cells were not able to substitute thymus cells in the system used. The results accumulated in the present experiments indicate, therefore, that the target cells for THF activity are thymus cells which acquire a higher T helper cell capacity after THF treatment.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Novel Mitochondrial Genome Segregation Factor TAP110 in Trypanosoma brucei

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Amodeo ◽  
Ana Kalichava ◽  
Albert Fradera-Sola ◽  
Eloïse Bertiaux-Lequoy ◽  
Paul Guichard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Eukaryotic Cell ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Detergent Treatment ◽  
Summary Statement ◽  
First Time

AbstractProper mitochondrial genome inheritance is key for eukaryotic cell survival, however little is known about the molecular mechanism controlling this process. Trypanosoma brucei, a protozoan parasite, contains a singular mitochondrial genome aka kinetoplast DNA (kDNA). kDNA segregation requires anchoring of the genome to the basal body via the tripartite attachment complex (TAC). Several components of the TAC as well as their assembly have been described, it however remains elusive how the TAC connects to the kDNA. Here, we characterize the TAC associated protein TAP110 and for the first time use ultrastructure expansion microscopy in trypanosomes to reveal that TAP110 is the currently most proximal kDNA segregation factor. The kDNA proximal positioning is also supported by RNAi depletion of TAC102, which leads to loss of TAP110 at the TAC. Overexpression of TAP110 leads to expression level changes of several mitochondrial proteins and a delay in the separation of the replicated kDNA networks. In contrast to other kDNA segregation factors TAP110 remains only partially attached to the flagellum after DNAse and detergent treatment and can only be solubilized in dyskinetoplastic cells, suggesting that interaction with the kDNA might be important for stability of the TAC association. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the TAC, but not the kDNA, is required for correct TAP110 localization in vivo and suggest that TAP110 might interact with other proteins to form a >669 kDa complex.Summary StatementTAP110 is a novel mitochondrial genome segregation factor in Trypanosoma brucei that associates with the previously described TAC component TAC102. Ultrastructure expansion microscopy reveals its proximal position to the kDNA.

Fabrication and Characterization of Biodegradable Metal Based Microelectrodes for In Vivo Neural Recording

MRS Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (46-47) ◽  
pp. 2471-2477
Author(s):  
Chaoxing Zhang ◽  
Teresa H. Wen ◽  
Khaleel A. Razak ◽  
Jiajia Lin ◽  
Edgar Villafana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Recording ◽  
Neural Signals ◽  
Secondary Surgery ◽  
New Class ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT:Neural electrodes have been widely used to monitor neural signals and/or deliver electrical stimulation in the brain. Currently, biodegradable and biocompatible materials have been actively investigated to create temporary electrodes that could degrade after serving their functions for neural recording and stimulation from days to months. The new class of biodegradable electrodes eliminate the necessity of secondary surgery for electrode removal. In this study, we created biodegradable, biocompatible, and implantable magnesium (Mg)-based microelectrodes for in vivo neural recording for the first time. Specifically, conductive poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) was first deposited onto Mg microwire substrates by electrochemical deposition, and a biodegradable insulating polymer was subsequently sprayed onto the surface of electrodes. The tip of electrodes was designed to be conductive for neural recording and stimulation, while the rest of electrodes was insulated with a polymer that is biocompatible with neural tissue. The impedance of Mg-based microelectrodes and their performance during neural recording in the auditory cortex of a mouse were studied. The results first demonstrated the capability of Mg-based microelectrodes for in vivo recording of multi-unit stimulus-evoked activity in the brain.

scholarly journals Novel Antiplasmodial Agents from Christia vespertilionis

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish C. Upadhyay ◽  
Brijesh S. Sisodia ◽  
Harveer S. Cheema ◽  
Jyoti Agrawal ◽  
Anirban Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Aqueous Methanol ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
First Time ◽  
Detailed Chemical

The roots, leaves and stems of Christia vespertilionis were separately and successively extracted with methanol and aqueous-methanol (1:4, v/v) and were evaluated in vitro for their antiplasmodial potential against Plasmodium falciparum NF-54. The aqueous-methanolic stem (AS) extract was the most active (IC50 7.5 μg/mL) followed by the methanolic leaf (ML) extract (IC50 32.0 μg/mL). The in vivo antimalarial activity of the combined plant extract of C. vespertilionis was also assessed in P. berghei infected mice, which showed 87.8% suppression of parasitaemia as compared with complete suppression by chloroquine on day 8. Finally, detailed chemical investigation of C. vespertilionis resulted in the isolation and characterization of fifteen compounds (1–15), of which two (1 and 4) are being reported for the first time from nature. The novel compound 1 possesses potent antiplasmodial activity (IC50 = 9.0 μg/mL).

scholarly journals Fiber-integrated Brillouin microspectroscopy: Towards Brillouin endoscopy

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (06) ◽  
pp. 1742002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina V. Kabakova ◽  
YuChen Xiang ◽  
Carl Paterson ◽  
Peter Török
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Brillouin Scattering ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
The Body ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Micromechanical Characterization ◽  
First Time

Brillouin imaging (BI) for micromechanical characterization of tissues and biomaterials is a fast-developing field of research with a strong potential for medical diagnosis of disease-modified tissues and cells. Although the principles of BI imply its compatibility with in vivo and in situ measurements, the integration of BI with a flexible catheter, capable of reaching the region of interest within the body, is yet to be reported. Here, for the first time, we experimentally investigate integration of the Brillouin spectroscope with standard optical fiber components to achieve a Brillouin endoscope. The performance of single-fiber and dual-fiber endoscopes are demonstrated and analyzed. We show that a major challenge in construction of Brillouin endoscopes is the strong backward Brillouin scattering in the optical fiber and we present a dual-fiber geometry as a possible solution. Measurements of Brillouin spectra in test liquids (water, ethanol and glycerol) are demonstrated using the dual-fiber endoscope and its performance is analyzed numerically with the help of a beam propagation model.

scholarly journals Expression and Functional Characterization of the First Bacteriophage-Encoded Chaperonin

2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (18) ◽  
pp. 10103-10111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia P. Kurochkina ◽  
Pavel I. Semenyuk ◽  
Victor N. Orlov ◽  
Johan Robben ◽  
Nina N. Sykilinda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chaperonin Groel ◽  
Phage Propagation ◽  
Physicochemical Methods ◽  
First Time

Chaperonins promote protein foldingin vivoand are ubiquitously found in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. The first viral chaperonin GroEL ortholog, gene product 146 (gp146), whose gene was earlier identified in the genome of bacteriophage EL, has been shown to be synthesized during phage propagation inPseudomonas aeruginosacells. The recombinant gp146 has been expressed inEscherichia coliand characterized by different physicochemical methods for the first time. Using serum against the recombinant protein, gp146's native substrate, the phage endolysin gp188, has been immunoprecipitated from the lysate of EL-infected bacteria and identified by mass spectrometry.In vitroexperiments have shown that gp146 has a protective effect against endolysin thermal inactivation and aggregation, providing evidence of its chaperonin function. The phage chaperonin has been found to have the architecture and some properties similar to those of GroEL but not to require cochaperonin for its functional activity.

scholarly journals Characterization of THSD7A-antibodies not binding to glomerular THSD7A in a patient with diabetes mellitus but no membranous nephropathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Reinhard ◽  
Cindy Thomas ◽  
Maya Machalitza ◽  
Erik Lattwein ◽  
Lothar S. Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Membranous Nephropathy ◽  
Kidney Biopsy ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Igg3 Subclass ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
First Time

AbstractMembranous nephropathy (MN) is an autoimmune disease caused by autoantibodies against the podocyte antigens phospholipase A2 receptor 1 (PLA2R1) and thrombospondin type 1 domain containing protein 7A (THSD7A) in 80% and 2–3% of patients, respectively. THSD7A antibodies are considered to be pathogenic and highly specific for MN patients. Using an indirect immunofluorescence test (IIFT) we detected THSD7A-antibodies (titre 1:10) in the serum of a patient with high proteinuria who, however, in the kidney biopsy was diagnosed with diabetic nephropathy and MN was excluded as a possible cause of proteinuria. Different immunofluorescence assays and Western blot techniques using recombinant THSD7A (rTHSD7A) or THSD7A from different human tissues revealed that the circulating THSD7A-autoantibodies were only of the IgG3 subclass. The patient serum reacted exclusively with rTHSD7A and only when the antigen was present in reducing Western blot conditions, or on formaldehyde-fixed cells for the IIFT. Our findings show for the first time the existence of circulating THSD7A-antibodies recognizing denatured/reduced rTHSD7A, which do not react with glomerular THSD7A in vivo and are thus presumptively non-pathogenic. As a consequence, kidney biopsy or Western blot analyses of THSD7A under non-reducing conditions should be performed to confirm the diagnosis of THSD7A-associated MN, especially in cases with low THSD7A-antibody levels in the IIFT.

scholarly journals Highly Adhesive Antibacterial Bioactive Composite Hydrogels With Controllable Flexibility and Swelling as Wound Dressing for Full-Thickness Skin Healing

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanhua Lan ◽  
Suping Zhu ◽  
Dong Chen ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Lijin Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Skin Defect ◽  
Swelling Ratio ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Full Thickness Skin ◽  
Thickness Skin

Polyzwitterionic hydrogels as skin wound dressings have been extensively studied owing to their superior antibacterial properties and skin adhesiveness, but their practical applications still suffer from a low adhesion strength and a high swelling ratio, which hinder the application of hydrogel for cutaneous healing. Here, we developed a novel biocompatible poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide (PolySBMA) composite hydrogel with high stretchability, low swelling, strong skin adhesiveness, and antibacterial effect for enhancing wound healing. Naturally rigid polymers including quaternized chitosan methacrylate (QCSMA) and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) are used as bioactive cross-linkers to endow PolySBMA/QCSMA/GelMA (SQG) hydrogel with a low swelling ratio and high bioactivity. The optimized hydrogel has excellent mechanical flexibility, with the ultimate tensile strength, tensile strain, modulus, and toughness of up to 344.5 kPa, 364%, 14.7 kPa, and 33.4 kJ m−3, respectively. The adhesiveness of the hydrogel to the skin tissue is as high as 38.2 kPa, which is critical for stopping the bleeding from the wound. The synergistic contributions from the PolySBMA and QCSMA endow hydrogel with good antibacterial properties against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. Moreover, the natural polymer cross-linked polyzwitterionic hydrogel shows good cell activity, hemocompatibility, and histocompatibility. The in vivo full-thickness skin defect model demonstrates that the SQG hydrogel efficiently improves the granulation tissue formation and collagen deposition. In summary, such superiorly skin-adhesive antibacterial biocompatible hydrogel with controllable flexibility and swelling holds great promise as wound dressings for acute wounds.

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