scholarly journals Translation or Divination? Sacred Languages and Bilingualism in Judaism and Lucumí Traditions

Religions ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Michael Nosonovsky
Keyword(s):  
Roman Catholicism ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Sacred Texts ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Hebrew Language ◽  
The Status ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Yoruba Language ◽  
The Ideal

I compare the status of a sacred language in two very different religious traditions. In Judaism, the Hebrew language is the language of liturgy, prayer, and the Written Law. The traditional way of reading Torah passages involved translating them into Aramaic, the everyday language of communication in the Middle East in the first half of the first millennium CE. Later, other Jewish languages, such as Yiddish, played a role similar to that of Aramaic in the Talmudic period, constituting a system referred to as the “Traditional Jewish Bilingualism”. Hebrew lexemes had denotations related to the realm of Biblical texts, while Aramaic/Yiddish lexemes had everyday references. Therefore, the act of translation connected the two realms or domains. The Lucumí (Santería) Afro-Cuban religion is a syncretic tradition combining Roman Catholicism with the Ifá tradition, which does not have a corpus of written sacred texts, however, it has its sacred language, the Lucumí (Anagó) language related to the Yoruba language of West Africa. While the Spanish-Lucumí bilingualism plays an important role in Santería rituals, the mechanisms of reference are very different from those of the Hebrew-Yiddish bilingualism in Judaism. In Santería, divinations about the meaning of Lucumí words play a role similar to the translations from Hebrew in Judaism. I further discuss the role of ritual dances in Santería for the transition from the sacred to the secular domain and a function of Hebrew epitaphs to connect the ideal world of Hebrew sacred texts to the everyday life of a Jewish community.

Reflections on the Status and Direction of Psychology: An External Historical Perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amedeo Giorgi
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Gestalt Theory ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Aron Gurwitsch

Abstract Whenever one reads internal histories of psychology what is covered is the establishment of a lab by Wundt in 1879 as the initiating act and then the breakaway movements of the 20th Century are discussed: Behaviorism, Gestalt Theory, Psychoanalysis, and most recently the Cognitive revival. However, Aron Gurwitsch described a perspective noted by Cassirer and first developed by Malebranche, which dates the founding of psychology at the same time as that of physics in the 17th Century. This external perspective shows the dependency of psychology upon the concepts, methods and procedures of physics and the natural sciences in general up until the present time. Gurwitsch argues that this approach has blocked the growth of psychology and has assured its status as a minor science. He argued that the everyday Lifeworld achievements of subjectivity are the true subject matter of psychology and that a phenomenological approach to subjectivity could give psychology the authenticity it has been forever seeking but never finding as a naturalistic science. Some clarifying thoughts concerning this phenomenologically grounded psychology are offered, especially the role of desire. The assumption of an external perspective toward the history of psychology fostered the insights about psychology’s scientific role.

scholarly journals The role of the poet in Plato's ideal cities of Callipolis and Magnesia

2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (116) ◽  
pp. 329-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Naddaf
Keyword(s):  
Practical Realization ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Negative Factors ◽  
The Ideal

Plato's attitude toward the poets and poetry has always been a flashpoint of debate, controversy and notoriety, but most scholars have failed to see their central role in the ideal cities of the Republic and the Laws, that is, Callipolis and Magnesia. In this paper, I argue that in neither dialogue does Plato "exile" the poets, but, instead, believes they must, like all citizens, exercise the expertise proper to their profession, allowing them the right to become full-fledged participants in the productive class. Moreover, attention to certain details reveals that Plato harnesses both positive and negative factors in poetry to bring his ideal cities closer to a practical realization. The status of the poet and his craft in this context has rarely to my knowledge been addressed.

scholarly journals The The Daily Life of Contemporary Mothers – Between Social Expectations, the Sense of Duty and the Individual Experience of Motherhood

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (54) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Monika Lewicka
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Narrative Interview ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Ideal

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to present the dilemmas of everyday life of contemporary mothers related to society’s expectations of motherhood and their individual experiences. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The research problem was the (re)construction of everyday life of modern mothers during a pandemic. The narrative interview technique was used in the research. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: This article analyzes how mothers experience motherhood during a pandemic against the background of social transformations. The issue of everyday life as an important category was presented in the considerations contained in the article below. Then, the methodological assumptions and research results focused on the issues of the multiplicity of choices in the present day and the difficulties associated with them, as well as the everyday life of mothers, were presented. The article ends with reflections on the situation of mothers in the context of contemporary challenges. RESEARCH RESULTS: A conclusion can be drawn about the positioning of motherhood between the traditional and modern pattern of the ideal mother. First of all, mothers feel tired of the seriousness of the role they play, and from fulfilling which many people can “hold them accountable”. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: The conducted research shows interesting conclusions pointing to changes related to the perception of the role of the mother in modern times. They contribute to the undertaking of more extensive research on the need for (re) construction of motherhood.

scholarly journals Diskursus Kajian Gender Dalam Kitab Suci al-Qur'an

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-42
Author(s):  
Siti Masykuroh
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Social Theories ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Ideal

The focus of this study is a study of the theme of the theme presented by the Qur'an about the status and role of women and how to interpret these themes when projected in the frame of gender equality and equality. This research is purely biblical, the data is extracted from books, Tafsir ayat al-Qur'an and al-Hadiś as the main and first source. The analysis used in this study is a gender perspective. To sharpen analysts, social theories are also used, such as; class analysis, cultural analysis and discourse analysis. From the results of the study it was found that the themes displayed by the Qur'an revolved around the theme of the creation of men and women, equality of men and women, leadership, inheritance rights and polygamy. The discussion on the theme of the theme can be understood that the ideal of the Qur'an is actually the upholding of human life that is virtuous and respects universal human values (universal humanism). The universal humanitarian principles are manifested in efforts to uphold justice, equality, togetherness, and respect for the rights of others that are universally applicable.

Strong Democracy, Weak Police

2019 ◽  
pp. 133-148
Author(s):  
Jeffrey T. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Medical Model ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Front Line ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Ideal

This chapter explores the connection between a certain mode of policing, the ideal of democracy, and the nature of Taiwan's sovereignty. These connections were revealed by the Sunflower Movement of 2014. It contradicts Egon Bittner's medical model that states that the Taiwanese police “make available... that, all things being equal, would not be otherwise available” is a bureaucratic route which channel certain forms of political conflict that is corrosive to the status quo. The “paichusuo” is the front line of the system, providing an institutional arena for mediating antagonism between local political powers and articulating the resulting compromises with the demands of central administration. The role of “qing” in the process ensures that the institutional operations of policing serve as a cultural mechanism for aligning individual will and collective solidarity along the axis of imagined cosmic principles.

The Ideal of the Graduate Worker

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerbrand Tholen
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Symbolic Power ◽  
Work Skills ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Ideal

This final chapter concludes the book and reflects on the findings described in the previous chapters. The chapter explains how the idealized version of graduate workers (as being a distinct labour market grouping aligned with high-skilled, high-waged employment) has not really wavered. To understand the status of graduate workers as a group we need to understand the symbolic power graduates hold within the labour market (through symbolic categorization and classification). Yet the case studies also show that the meanings of graduate work, skills, and occupations vary, leaving room for interpretation and contention. The chapter reflects on the role of higher education in the labour market, how we can improve our understanding of graduate work, and what this means for debates about skill policy and social mobility.

Part II Staking Out Theoretical Boundaries and Building the Regime, 9 Duck-Rabbits, a Panel of Monkeys, and the Status of International Arbitrators

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogers Catherine A
Keyword(s):  
Service Provider ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dual Roles ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Ideal

This chapter examines the dual role of arbitrators as service providers and adjudicators. The public conceptualization of international arbitrators has often leaned towards seeing them as either contract providers of sorts or adjudicators, but never both. The arbitrator's status is thus often a conflict between ‘service provider’ and ‘justice provider’. Yet arbitrators are, as discussed in previous chapters, professionals whose ethics are grounded in real-world perspectives. This chapter analyses several ideas and philosophies that corroborate a dual conception of the ideal arbitrator as both service provider and justice provider, and that neither aspect is independent from the other. Several institutions across the world are beginning to recognize this duality, fortunately, as the greatest strength of an international arbitrator is his ability to straddle these dual roles, rather than subject themselves to mere one-dimensional representations.

Holy Book — a Treasury of the Incomprehensible. The Invention of Writing and Religious Cognition

Numen ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilkka Pyysiäinen
Keyword(s):  
Ultimate Reality ◽  
Human Reasoning ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Circular Reasoning ◽  
Conceptual Systems ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Sacred Texts ◽  
Rational Argumentation ◽  
Holy Book

AbstractThis paper provides a theoretical discussion of the role the introduction of writing plays in the development of religious conceptual systems. It is argued that the writing down of religious traditions makes the transmission of radically counter-intuitive ideas possible, and that the formation of Canons introduces the distinction between a foundational text and its philosophical commentary. Defending the foundational role of the sacred texts by rational argumentation either leads to endless regression of arguments, or to circular reasoning and paradoxes. To accept this as natural, would deprive sacred texts of their special status as the foundation. In religions, this deadlock is used to illustrate the limits of human reasoning powers and, by the same token, to prove that there must be an ultimate reality which can only be accessed through "revelation", "enlightenment", and the like.

scholarly journals The Relative Role of the Intellectual and Moral Virtues in Sustainable Management Decisions: The Case of Practical Wisdom and Justice

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natàlia Cugueró-Escofet ◽  
Josep M. Rosanas
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Practical Wisdom ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Moral Virtues ◽  
Wise Person ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Ideal

We analyze the status of virtues in management by going in some depth into the two main virtues, justice and practical wisdom. We next study how ethics requires that all virtues should be present under the ideal concept of a ‘unity of virtues’ for a completely wise person and discuss the practical limitations of this concept. Then, we draw a framework for decision making depending on whether the decision maker possesses justice and practical wisdom or lacks one of them and then discuss which one is better to have. We conclude that justice is more important, as it is about setting objectives and prioritizing, whereas practical wisdom is about attaining these objectives, once listed, in a rationally wise and contextual way. Hence, we conclude that objectives (justice) must come first, because this makes it more likely that, in the end, practical wisdom is developed, and thus we end up having the two virtues.

William Perkins versus William Bishop on the Role of Mary as Mediator

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
W.B. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Virgin Mary ◽  
English Reformation ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Protestant Theologian

William Perkins and William Bishop, two of the leading spokesmen for their respective religious traditions in late sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century England, clashed in print over the status of the Blessed Virgin Mary, as well as a number of other issues. They were formidable adversaries. Perkins, the most widely-read English Protestant theologian of the day, helped to make Cambridge University a centre of Reformed thought and practice. Bishop, an Oxford-trained theologian with extensive experience and associations on the continent, eventually became the first Roman Catholic bishop in England since the death of the last surviving bishop of Mary I’s reign. Though discussions of the Virgin Mary were not major themes in the books of either writer, their views on this subject are significant in showing how the two traditions developed, in competition with each other, during this phase of the long English Reformation.

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