scholarly journals Indigenous Labor and Land Resources: Guarani–Kaiowa’s Politico–Economic and Ethnic Challenges

Resources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Antonio A. R. Ioris
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Complex Situation ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Spatial Asymmetries ◽  
Lived Spaces ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

The article deals with the meaning and the management of land-based resources by indigenous peoples, which are analyzed through an assessment of the lived spaces of the Guarani–Kaiowa indigenous people in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The discussion follows an analytical framework that is focused on land, labor and ethnicity. These interconnected politico-economic categories provide the basis for understanding the violence and exploitation perpetrated against indigenous groups, as well as their capacity to reclaim ancestral territories lost to extractivism and agribusiness development. Empirical results indicate that ethnicity is integral to labor and land management processes. In the case of the Guarani–Kaiowa, not only have they become refugees in their own lands due to racist discrimination, but also their labor has been incorporated in the regional economy through interrelated peasantification and proleterianization tendencies. The result is a complex situation that combines major socio-spatial asymmetries with the strategic, exploitative use of land and labor and the growing political contestation by the indigenous groups.

scholarly journals Indigeneity and political economy: Class and ethnicity of the Guarani-Kaiowa

2020 ◽  
pp. 030981682095982
Author(s):  
Antonio Augusto Rossotto Ioris
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Spatial Trajectory ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

Ontological and identitary questions affecting indigenous peoples are discussed through an assessment of the socio-spatial trajectory of the Guarani-Kaiowa of South America, employing an analytical framework centred around land, labour and ethnicity. These enhanced politico-economic categories provide important entry points for understanding the violence and exploitation perpetrated against indigenous groups, as well as their capacity to reclaim ancestral territory lost to development. Evidence indicates that ethnicity is integral to class-based processes, given that the advance of capitalist relations both presumes and produces difference and subordination. The case study in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul demonstrates that the Guarani-Kaiowa became refugees in their own land due to ethnic differences, but at the same time their labour has underpinned the regional economy to a considerable extent through interrelated mechanisms of peasantification and proleterianisation. Trends of exploitation and alienation have intensified in recent decades due to racism and socio-spatial segregation, but the action/reaction of subordinate groups has also been reinforced through references to their ethnicity.

scholarly journals Epidemiological aspects of HIV infection and AIDS among indigenous populations

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Samara Vilas-Bôas Graeff ◽  
Renata Palópoli Pícolli ◽  
Rui Arantes ◽  
Vivianne De Oliveira Landgraf de Castro ◽  
Rivaldo Venâncio da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The State ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological aspects of HIV infection and AIDS among indigenous peoples of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: This is a descriptive epidemiological study on the occurrence and distribution of HIV infection and AIDS in the indigenous population assisted by the Distrito Sanitário Especial Indígena (Indigenous Special Health District) Mato Grosso do Sul between 2001 and 2014, based on three secondary databases. Annual rates of HIV and AIDS detection and prevalence were calculated, considering case distribution according to village, Health Base Pole and sociodemographic variables. Accumulated rates of detection, mortality and case fatality were calculated by ethnic group and for the Health Base Pole with the highest number of cases. RESULTS: The HIV detection rate fluctuated between 0.0 and 18.0/100 thousand people in the study period. For AIDS, there was no notification before 2007, but in 2012 its rate reached 16.6/100 thousand. HIV prevalence grew between 2001 and 2011, and it continuously grew for AIDS starting from 2007. The highest HIV detection rates occurred among Guarani peoples (167.1/100 thousand) and for AIDS, among the Kaiowá peoples (79.3/100 thousand); mortality and fatality rates were higher among the Kaiowá. Regarding the Dourados Health Base Pole, the AIDS detection rate increased, and the mortality and fatality rates decreased. CONCLUSIONS: HIV infection and AIDS have been increasing among indigenous peoples, with distribution of the disease mainly in the Health Base Poles of the southern region of the state, where greater economic and social vulnerability are also observed. The endemic character of HIV and AIDS can become epidemic in some years given the existence of cases in other villages in the state. Its occurrence among the Guarani and Kaiowá populations indicates the need for expanded diagnosis, access to treatment and prevention measures.

scholarly journals Sugarcane Industry Expansion and Changing Rural Labour Regimes in Mato Grosso do Sul (2000–2016)

2021 ◽  
pp. 217-238
Author(s):  
Kristina Lorenzen
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Global Dynamics ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Green Development ◽  
Land Relations ◽  
Development Discourses ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
Sugarcane Industry

AbstractThe objective of this chapter is to assess how the expanding production of biofuels as part of an emerging bioeconomy affects existing social inequalities in labour and land relations. A case study method was applied to investigate the growth of the sugarcane industry in Mato Grosso do Sul between 2000 and 2016. The analytical framework of social inequalities and a rural labour regime approach guided the research and data analysis. This chapter shows that the expansion of biofuels was propelled by an entanglement of global dynamics such as land grabbing and green development discourses, as well as national policies that fostered bioethanol production. The expansion of the sugarcane industry in Mato Grosso do Sul led to changes in existing labour regimes. The most striking changes were the increased but temporal semi-proletarianisation of peasants in agrarian reform settlements and the double exclusion of the Guarani-Kaiowá Indigenous people.

scholarly journals Nomes e sobrenomes dos guarani e kaiowá de Mato Grosso do Sul

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-66
Author(s):  
Andérbio Márcio Silva Martins ◽  
Neimar Machado de Sousa ◽  
Hemerson Vargas Catão ◽  
Fábio Conscianza
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Southern Cone ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Social Facts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Historical Origin ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

Nomes e sobrenomes guarani e kaiowá possuem uma origem histórica a partir do contato com os colonizadores europeus. Aos poucos, os nomes tradicionais estão entrando em desuso, do ponto de vista social, mas têm insistido a sua permanência do ponto de vista religioso, como uma espécie de proteção. Neste artigo, apresentamos um levantamento dos nomes civis de professores indígenas guarani e kaiowá que passaram pela Licenciatura Intercultural Indígena – Teko Arandu, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados – UFGD, Mato Grosso do Sul. O levantamento foi realizado a partir do Sistema de Controle de Turmas do Professor. Em seguida, à luz de fatos históricos e sociais, apresentamos as funções sociais dos nomes na atualidade e postulamos as possíveis origens dos sobrenomes, considerando o processo de colonização pelo qual passaram esses povos. Os resultados do estudo não abrangem a origem dos sobrenomes na sua individualidade, mas apresentam um panorama das condições históricas e sociais que puderam dar condições à existência dessa nova forma de nomear e de indicar pertencimento familiar entre os indígenas guarani e kaiowá do cone sul de Mato Grosso do Sul.First names and surnames of the Guarani and Kaiowá from Mato Grosso do Sul   AbstractGuarani and Kaiowá names and surnames have a historical origin from contact with European settlers. Gradually, traditional names are going into disuse from a social point of view, but their permanence from a religious point of view as a kind of protection remain. In this article, we present a survey of the civil names of indigenous guarani and kaiowá teachers who passed through the Indigenous Intercultural Degree – Teko Arandu, Federal University of Grande Dourados - UFGD, Mato Grosso do Sul. The survey was conducted from the Teacher's Class Control System. Then, in the light of historical and social facts, we present the social functions of the names today and postulate the possible origins of surnames, considering the process of colonization that these peoples went through. The results of the study do not cover the origin of surnames in their individuality, but present an overview of the historical and social conditions that could give conditions to the existence of this new way of naming and indicating family belonging among the Guarani and Kaiowá indigenous peoples of the southern cone of Mato Grosso do Sul.Keywords: Guarani; Kaiowá; Anthroponomical, Socioanthropomonatic.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic status of indigenous peoples with active tuberculosis in Brazil: a principal components analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís P. Freitas ◽  
Reinaldo Souza-Santos ◽  
Ida V. Kolte ◽  
Jocieli Malacarne ◽  
Paulo C. Basta
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Durable Goods ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Household Characteristics ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

ABSTRACTIndigenous people usually live in precarious conditions and suffer a disproportionally burden of tuberculosis in Brazil. To characterize the socioeconomic status of indigenous peoples with active tuberculosis in Brazil, this cross-sectional study included all Amerindians that started tuberculosis treatment between March 2011 and December 2012 in four municipalities of Mato Grosso do Sul state (Central-Western region). We tested the approach using principal components analysis (PCA) to create three socioeconomic indexes (SEI) using groups of variables: household characteristics, ownership of durable goods, and both. Cases were then classified into tertiles, with the 1st tertile representing the most disadvantaged. A total of 166 indigenous cases of tuberculosis were included. 31.9% did not have durable goods. 25.9% had family bathroom, 9.0% piped water inside the house and 53.0% electricity, with higher proportions in Miranda and Aquidauana. Houses were predominantly made using natural materials in Amambai and Caarapó. Miranda and Aquidauana had more cases in the 3rd tertile (92.3%) and Amambai, in the 1st tertile (37.7%). The indexes showed similar results and consistency for socioeconomic characterization. The percentage of people in the 3rd tertile increased with years of schooling. The majority in the 3rd tertile received Bolsa Família, a social welfare programme. This study confirmed the applicability of the PCA using information on household characteristics and ownership of durable goods for socioeconomic characterization of indigenous groups and provided important evidence of the unfavorable living conditions of Amerindians with tuberculosis in Mato Grosso do Sul.

A Synopsis of Dicliptera (Acanthaceae) in Brazil, with the Description of Two New Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-348
Author(s):  
James Lucas da Costa-Lima ◽  
Earl Celestino de Oliveira Chagas
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
The North ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
A New Species

Abstract—A synopsis of Dicliptera (Acanthaceae) for Brazil is presented. Six species are recognized: Dicliptera ciliaris, D. sexangularis, and D. squarrosa, widely distributed in South America; D. purpurascens, which ranges from the North Region of Brazil (in the state of Acre) to eastern Bolivia; D. gracilirama, a new species from the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil; and D. granchaquenha, a new species recorded in dry and semideciduous forests in Bolivia and western Brazil, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Furthermore, we propose new synonyms and designate lectotypes for eleven names. An identification key to the six accepted Dicliptera species in Brazil is provided.

LUGARES E NÃO LUGARES DO ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO EM UNIVERSIDADES PÚBLICAS DE MATO GROSSO DO SUL: UEMS e UFGD Coleção Licenciaturas - Volume 1

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. PERBONI ◽  
Carla Regina de Souza FIGUEIREDO ◽  
A. MARQUES ◽  
A. N. MILITÃO ◽  
C. N. JESUS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

O desafio do espaço platino às tendências de integração do antigo sul de Mato Grosso ao mercado nacional brasileiro: um hiato em dois tempos

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Roberto Cimo Queiroz
Keyword(s):  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

O espaço correspondente ao atual Estado brasileiro de Mato Grosso do Sul foi incorporado, no século XVI, aos circuitos do Paraguai colonial, mas, já no século XVII, no contexto que S. B. de Holanda denomina refluxo assuncenho, a presença espanhola foi sendo substituída pela luso-brasileira, passando, portanto, essa região a vincular-se, ainda que de m o do inicialmente tênue, ao sudeste da América portuguesa. Em meados d o século XIX, c om a liberação da navegação brasileira pelo rio Paraguai, essa região voltou, de certo modo, a fazer parte do espaço platino. O presente trabalho busca evidenciar que, a despeito das notáveis mudanças induzidas pela livre navegação, esse último período de vinculação ao espaço platino constituiu, na verdade, uma espécie de "hiato", no interior do processo mais longo, representado pela vinculação com o mercado nacional brasileiro.

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