scholarly journals Sensing the Same Fishing Fleet with AIS and VIIRS: A Seven-Year Assessment of Squid Jiggers in FAO Major Fishing Area 41

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Javier Ruiz ◽  
Isabel Caballero ◽  
Gabriel Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Fishing Area

Global Fishing Watch and VIIRS-DNB (visible infrared imaging radiometer suite day/night band) signals are compared for the jigger fleet in FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) Major Fishing Area 41 during the maximum feasible time span (2012–2018). Both signals have shown a high degree of consistency at all temporal and spatial scales analyzed, including seasonal cycles, lack of signal for some years and interannual tendencies. This indicates that both signals are a fair representation of the fishing effort exerted by the jigger fleet in this zone. The high degree of consistency does not support views questioning satellite AIS (automatic identification system) as a reliable tool to survey fishing activities. Instead, our results add evidence supporting the value of remote sensing, in particular, when independent sources of information (such as VIIRS-DNB and AIS) are combined, as a relevant tool to add transparency and support compliance of fishing activities in vast and distant regions of the ocean.

scholarly journals The global network of ports supporting high seas fishing

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. eabe3470
Author(s):  
Jorge P. Rodríguez ◽  
Juan Fernández-Gracia ◽  
Carlos M. Duarte ◽  
Xabier Irigoien ◽  
Víctor M. Eguíluz
Keyword(s):  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
The Commons ◽  
High Seas

Fisheries in waters beyond national jurisdiction (“high seas”) are difficult to monitor and manage. Their regulation for sustainability requires critical information on how fishing effort is distributed across fishing and landing areas, including possible border effects at the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) limits. We infer the global network linking harbors supporting fishing vessels to fishing areas in high seas from automatic identification system tracking data in 2014, observing a modular structure, with vessels departing from a given harbor fishing mostly in a single province. The top 16% of these harbors support 84% of fishing effort in high seas, with harbors in low- and middle-income countries ranked among the top supporters. Fishing effort concentrates along narrow strips attached to the boundaries of EEZs with productive fisheries, identifying a free-riding behavior that jeopardizes efforts by nations to sustainably manage their fisheries, perpetuating the tragedy of the commons affecting global fishery resources.

scholarly journals Verification of the image processing system in real conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Piotr Wołejsza ◽  
Jolanta Koszelew ◽  
Krzysztof Matuk ◽  
Oskar Świda
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Autonomous Navigation ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Image Processing System ◽  
Automatic Identification System ◽  
Autonomous Vessel

Autonomous Vessel with an Air Look, is a research project that aims to develop autonomous navigation of ships. The system uses three independent sources of information i.e. radar, AIS ? Automatic Identification System and cameras, which can be located on a drone or ship?s superstructure. The article presents the results of testing of an image processing system in real conditions on m/f Wolin.

scholarly journals Defining high-resolution dredge fishing grounds with Automatic Identification System (AIS) data

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Le Guyader ◽  
Cyril Ray ◽  
Françoise Gourmelon ◽  
David Brosset
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Automatic Identification System ◽  
Local Decision ◽  
Bay Of Brest ◽  
Maritime Spatial Planning

High resolution estimates of bottom towed fishing gears are needed to provide relevant information for natural resource management, impact assessment and maritime spatial planning. The use of satellite-based vessel monitoring system (VMS) data is constrained by data access restrictions as well as rather coarse data resolution. This study focuses on mapping dredge gear fishing grounds using fishing effort estimates at the métier level based on automatic identification system (AIS) data. The performance of the approach was evaluated in terms of correct discrimination between fishing and non-fishing activities for known fishing positions as well as appropriate error propagation. The test was conducted in the Bay of Brest (France) in partnership with a committee of local fishers. The results identified dredge fishing grounds for great scallop (Pecten maximus) in the western part of the Bay of Brest and provided high-resolution information for scientists and local decision makers on the spatial and temporal seasonal variability of fishing effort. The proposed method is semi-automatic and generic making it suitable for other applications.

scholarly journals Lockdown: How the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected the Fishing Activities in the Adriatic Sea (Central Mediterranean Sea)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Russo ◽  
Marco Anelli Monti ◽  
Giacomo Toninato ◽  
Claudio Silvestri ◽  
Alessandra Raffaetà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venice Lagoon ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Otter Trawl ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Strong Reduction ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Almost All

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought a global socio-economic crisis to almost all sectors including the fishery. To limit the infection, governments adopted several containment measures. In Italy, Croatia, and Slovenia, a lockdown period was imposed from March to May 2020, during which many activities, including restaurants had to close or limit their business. All of this caused a strong reduction in seafood requests and consequently, a decrease in fishing activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 in the Northern and Central Adriatic fleet, by comparing the fishing activities in three periods (before, during, and after the lockdown) of 2019 and 2020. The use of the Automatic Identification System (AIS) data allowed us to highlight the redistribution of the fishing grounds of the trawlers, mainly located near the coasts during the 2020 lockdown period, as well as a reduction of about 50% of fishing effort. This reduction resulted higher for the Chioggia trawlers (−80%) and, in terms of fishing effort decrease, the large bottom otter trawl was the fishing segment mainly affected by the COVID-19 event. Moreover, by analysing the landings of the Chioggia fleet and the Venice lagoon fleets, it was possible to point out a strong reduction both in landings and profits ranging from −30%, for the small-scale fishery operating at sea, to −85%, for the small bottom otter trawl.

scholarly journals Global Diagnostic on Groundwater Governance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Rubio
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Association ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Groundwater Governance ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World

Five international organisations cooperated in the project ‘Groundwater Governance: A Global Framework for Action’ (2011-2016): Global Environment Fund (GEF), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Economic, Social and Cultural Organization International Hydrological Program (UNESCO IHP), International Association of Hydrogeologists (IAH) and World Bank. The project included a wide range of activities aiming to take stock of groundwater governance conditions and practices around the world and to enable diagnostic analysis at different spatial scales on groundwater governance. Five Regional Consultation Meetings were conducted in different parts of the world, with the aim to collect as much information as possible on groundwater governance in different regions and countries, and to capture the related perceptions and opinions of the more than five hundred participants. On top of this, five regional diagnostic reports on groundwater were prepared by knowledgeable professionals from each of these regions. The present Global Diagnostic on Groundwater Governance builds on all these activities and produced outputs, in particular on the five regional diagnostics and the reports on the Consultation Meetings. Governance Groundwater

scholarly journals Global Fisheries Responses to Culture, Policy and COVID-19 from 2017 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 4507
Author(s):  
Bin He ◽  
Fengqin Yan ◽  
Hao Yu ◽  
Fenzhen Su ◽  
Vincent Lyne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Data ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Open Source Data ◽  
The Us

Global Fishing Watch (GFW) provides global open-source data collected via automated monitoring of vessels to help with sustainable management of fisheries. Limited previous global fishing effort analyses, based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data (2017–2020), suggest economic and environmental factors have less influence on fisheries than cultural and political events, such as holidays and closures, respectively. As such, restrictions from COVID-19 during 2020 provided an unprecedented opportunity to explore added impacts from COVID-19 restrictions on fishing effort. We analyzed global fishing effort and fishing gear changes (2017–2019) for policy and cultural impacts, and then compared impacts of COVID-19 lockdowns across several countries (i.e., China, Spain, the US, and Japan) in 2020. Our findings showed global fishing effort increased from 2017 to 2019 but decreased by 5.2% in 2020. We found policy had a greater impact on monthly global fishing effort than culture, with Chinese longlines decreasing annually. During the lockdown in 2020, trawling activities dropped sharply, particularly in the coastal areas of China and Spain. Although Japan did not implement an official lockdown, its fishing effort in the coastal areas also decreased sharply. In contrast, fishing in the Gulf of Mexico, not subject to lockdown, reduced its scope of fishing activities, but fishing effort was higher. Our study demonstrates, by including the dimensions of policy and culture in fisheries, that large data may materially assist decision-makers to understand factors influencing fisheries’ efforts, and encourage further marine interdisciplinary research. We recommend the lack of data for small-scale Southeast Asian fisheries be addressed to enable future studies of fishing drivers and impacts in this region.

scholarly journals ALTERNATIF LANGKAH PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA PERIKANAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Budi Iskandar Prisantoso
Keyword(s):  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Fish Resources ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Management Measure ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
And Control

Pengelolaan adalah semua upaya, termasuk proses yang terintegrasi dalam pengumpulan informasi, analisis, perencanaan, konsultasi, pembuatan keputusan, alokasi sumber daya ikan dan implementasi, serta penegakan hukum dari peraturan perundang-undangan di bidang perikanan, yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah atau otoritas lain yang diarahkan untuk mencapai kelangsungan produktivitas sumber daya hayati perairan dan tujuan yang telah disepakati. Pada dasarnya langkah pengelolaan sumber daya ikan dapat dikatagorikan sebagai pengendalian kegiatan penangkapan (control of fishing) dan pengendalian upaya penangkapan (control of fishing effort). Keseluruhan langkah pengelolaan akan bermuara kepada salah satu opsi langkah tersebut. Dari inventarisasi opsi langkah-langkah pengelolaan (management measures) sumber daya ikan yang bersifat multi species multi gear, yang dapat diterapkan di Indonesia terdapat enam belas langkah (measures) yang diuraikan secara umum. Pelarangan penangkapan komersial dengan trawl di kawasan baratIndonesia melalui Keputusan Presiden No.39 Tahun 1980 merupakan salah satu contoh lengkap baik dari bentuk pengendalian kegiatan penangkapan dan pengendalian upaya penangkapan. Following the Food and Agriculture Organization, fisheries management isdefine as the integrated process of information gathering, analysis, planning, consultation, decision making, allocation of resources, and formulation and implementation, with enforcement as necessary, of regulations or rules which govern fisheries activities in order to ensure the continued productivity of the resources and accomplishment of other fisheries objectives. Basically, management measures can be grouped into control of fishing and control of fishing effort. All measures intended to manage the fish resources can be directed toward one of the two options. From the inventory of the alternative measures available in the literature there are fifteen options of resources management measure in Indonesian multi species multi gear fisheries have been generally elaborated. The inactment of the Presidental Decree No.39-1980 concerning trawl ban in the western Indonesian waters provide a good example for the implementation of both control of fishing and control of fishing effort.

scholarly journals AIS and VMS Ensemble Can Address Data Gaps on Fisheries for Marine Spatial Planning

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3769
Author(s):  
Pascal Thoya ◽  
Joseph Maina ◽  
Christian Möllmann ◽  
Kerstin S. Schiele
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Marine Spatial Planning ◽  
The North ◽  
Address Data ◽  
The Baltic

Spatially explicit records of fishing activities’ distribution are fundamental for effective marine spatial planning (MSP) because they can help to identify principal fishing areas. However, in numerous case studies, MSP has ignored fishing activities due to data scarcity. The vessel monitoring system (VMS) and the automatic identification system (AIS) are two commonly known technologies used to observe fishing activities. However, both technologies generate data that have several limitations, making them ineffective when used in isolation. Here, we evaluate both datasets’ limitations and strengths, measure the drawbacks of using any single dataset and propose a method for combining both technologies for a more precise estimation of the distribution of fishing activities. Using the Baltic Sea and the North Sea–Celtic Sea regions as case studies, we compare the spatial distribution of fishing effort from International Council for the Exploration of the Seas (ICES) VMS data and global fishing watch AIS data. We show that using either dataset in isolation can lead to a significant underestimation of fishing effort. We also demonstrate that integrating both datasets in an ensemble approach can provide more accurate fisheries information for MSP. Given the rapid expansion of MSP activities globally, our approach can be utilised in data-limited regions to improve cross border spatial planning.

A Cloud Computing Architecture to Map Trawling Activities Using Positioning Data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Galdelli ◽  
A. Mancini ◽  
A. N. Tassetti ◽  
C. Ferrà Vega ◽  
E. Armelloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Major Development

Abstract Descriptive and spatially-explicit information on fisheries plays a key role for an efficient integrated management of the maritime activities and the sustainable use of marine resources. However, this information is today still hard to obtain and, consequently, is a major issue for implementing Marine Spatial Planning (MSP). Since 2002, the Automatic Identification System (AIS) has been undergoing a major development allowing now for a real time geo-tracking and identification of equipped vessels of more than 15m in length overall (LOA) and, if properly processed, for the production of adequate information for MSP. Such monitoring systems or other low-cost and low-burden solutions are still missing for small vessels (LOA < 12m), whose catches and fishing effort remain spatially unassessed and, hence, unregulated. In this context, we propose an architecture to process vessel tracking data, understand the behaviour of trawling fleets and map related fishing activities. It could be used to process not only AIS data but also positioning data from other low cost systems as IoT sensors that share their position over LoRa and 2G/3G/4G links. Analysis gives back important and verified data (overall accuracy of 92% for trawlers) and opens up development perspectives for monitoring small scale fisheries, helping hence to fill fishery data gaps and obtain a clearer picture of the fishing grounds as a whole.

scholarly journals Mapping Maize Evapotranspiration at Field Scale Using SEBAL: A Comparison with the FAO Method and Soil-Plant Model Simulations

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Grosso ◽  
Gabriele Manoli ◽  
Marco Martello ◽  
Yann Chemin ◽  
Diego Pons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Venice Lagoon ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Plant Model ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Good Agreement

The surface energy balance algorithm for land (SEBAL) has been successfully applied to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) and yield at different spatial scales. However, ET and yield patterns have never been investigated under highly heterogeneous conditions. We applied SEBAL in a salt-affected and water-stressed maize field located at the margin of the Venice Lagoon, Italy, using Landsat images. SEBAL results were compared with estimates of evapotranspiration by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) method (ETc) and three-dimensional soil-plant simulations. The biomass production routine in SEBAL was then tested using spatially distributed crop yield measurements and the outcomes of a soil-plant numerical model. The results show good agreement between SEBAL evapotranspiration and ETc. Instantaneous ET simulated by SEBAL is also consistent with the soil-plant model results (R2 = 0.7047 for 2011 and R2 = 0.6689 for 2012). Conversely, yield predictions (6.4 t/ha in 2011 and 3.47 t/ha in 2012) are in good agreement with observations (8.64 t/ha and 3.86 t/ha, respectively) only in 2012 and the comparison with soil-plant simulations (8.69 t/ha and 5.49 t/ha) is poor. In general, SEBAL underestimates land productivity in contrast to the soil-plant model that overestimates yield in dry years. SEBAL provides accurate predictions under stress conditions due to the fact that it does not require knowledge of the soil/root characteristics.

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