scholarly journals Water Vapor Retrievals from Spectral Direct Irradiance Measured with an EKO MS-711 Spectroradiometer—Intercomparison with Other Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Rosa Delia García ◽  
Emilio Cuevas ◽  
Victoria Eugenia Cachorro ◽  
Omaira E. García ◽  
África Barreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Precipitable Water ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Radiative Balance ◽  
Direct Normal Irradiance ◽  
Routine Basis ◽  
Solar Power Plants ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Precipitable water vapor retrievals are of major importance for assessing and understanding atmospheric radiative balance and solar radiation resources. On that basis, this study presents the first PWV values measured with a novel EKO MS-711 grating spectroradiometer from direct normal irradiance in the spectral range between 930 and 960 nm at the Izaña Observatory (IZO, Spain) between April and December 2019. The expanded uncertainty of PWV (UPWV) was theoretically evaluated using the Monte-Carlo method, obtaining an averaged value of 0.37 ± 0.11 mm. The estimated uncertainty presents a clear dependence on PWV. For PWV ≤ 5 mm (62% of the data), the mean UPWV is 0.31 ± 0.07 mm, while for PWV > 5 mm (38% of the data) is 0.47 ± 0.08 mm. In addition, the EKO PWV retrievals were comprehensively compared against the PWV measurements from several reference techniques available at IZO, including meteorological radiosondes, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), CIMEL-AERONET sun photometer and Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The EKO PWV values closely align with the above mentioned different techniques, providing a mean bias and standard deviation of −0.30 ± 0.89 mm, 0.02 ± 0.68 mm, −0.57 ± 0.68 mm, and 0.33 ± 0.59 mm, with respect to the RS92, GNSS, FTIR and CIMEL-AERONET, respectively. According to the theoretical analysis, MB decreases when comparing values for PWV > 5 mm, leading to a PWV MB between −0.45 mm (EKO vs. FTIR), and 0.11 mm (EKO vs. CIMEL-AERONET). These results confirm that the EKO MS-711 spectroradiometer is precise enough to provide reliable PWV data on a routine basis and, as a result, can complement existing ground-based PWV observations. The implementation of PWV measurements in a spectroradiometer increases the capabilities of these types of instruments to simultaneously obtain key parameters used in certain applications such as monitoring solar power plants performance.

scholarly journals A Method to Improve the Distribution of Observations in GNSS Water Vapor Tomography

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 2526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Yang ◽  
Jiming Guo ◽  
Junbo Shi ◽  
Lv Zhou ◽  
Yi Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Precipitable Water ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Radiosonde Station ◽  
Satellite Signal ◽  
Comparative Results ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Vapor Distribution

Water vapor is an important driving factor in the related weather processes in the troposphere, and its temporal-spatial distribution and change are crucial to the formation of cloud and rainfall. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) water vapor tomography, which can reconstruct the water vapor distribution using GNSS observation data, plays an increasingly important role in GNSS meteorology. In this paper, a method to improve the distribution of observations in GNSS water vapor tomography is proposed to overcome the problem of the relatively concentrated distribution of observations, enable satellite signal rays to penetrate more tomographic voxels, and improve the issue of overabundance of zero elements in a tomographic matrix. Numerical results indicate that the accuracy of the water vapor tomography is improved by the proposed method when the slant water vapor calculated by GAMIT is used as a reference. Comparative results of precipitable water vapor (PWV) and water vapor density (WVD) profiles from radiosonde station data indicate that the proposed method is superior to the conventional method in terms of the mean absolute error (MAE), standard deviations (STD), and root-mean-square error (RMS). Further discussion shows that the ill-condition of tomographic equation and the richness of data in the tomographic model need to be discussed separately.

scholarly journals Estimating trends in atmospheric water vapor and temperature time series over Germany

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3117-3132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadwa Alshawaf ◽  
Kyriakos Balidakis ◽  
Galina Dick ◽  
Stefan Heise ◽  
Jens Wickert
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Precipitable Water ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Gnss Time Series

Abstract. Ground-based GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) has efficiently been used since the 1990s as a meteorological observing system. Recently scientists have used GNSS time series of precipitable water vapor (PWV) for climate research. In this work, we compare the temporal trends estimated from GNSS time series with those estimated from European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis (ERA-Interim) data and meteorological measurements. We aim to evaluate climate evolution in Germany by monitoring different atmospheric variables such as temperature and PWV. PWV time series were obtained by three methods: (1) estimated from ground-based GNSS observations using the method of precise point positioning, (2) inferred from ERA-Interim reanalysis data, and (3) determined based on daily in situ measurements of temperature and relative humidity. The other relevant atmospheric parameters are available from surface measurements of meteorological stations or derived from ERA-Interim. The trends are estimated using two methods: the first applies least squares to deseasonalized time series and the second uses the Theil–Sen estimator. The trends estimated at 113 GNSS sites, with 10 to 19 years temporal coverage, vary between −1.5 and 2.3 mm decade−1 with standard deviations below 0.25 mm decade−1. These results were validated by estimating the trends from ERA-Interim data over the same time windows, which show similar values. These values of the trend depend on the length and the variations of the time series. Therefore, to give a mean value of the PWV trend over Germany, we estimated the trends using ERA-Interim spanning from 1991 to 2016 (26 years) at 227 synoptic stations over Germany. The ERA-Interim data show positive PWV trends of 0.33 ± 0.06 mm decade−1 with standard errors below 0.03 mm decade−1. The increment in PWV varies between 4.5 and 6.5 % per degree Celsius rise in temperature, which is comparable to the theoretical rate of the Clausius–Clapeyron equation.

scholarly journals Multi-year Precipitable Water Vapor Observations in East Manila, Philippines using Radiosonde and Global Navigation Satellite System

2020 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 00002
Author(s):  
Agana Louisse S. Domingo ◽  
Ernest P. Macalalad
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite System ◽  
Precipitable Water ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Precipitable Water Vapor ◽  
Type I ◽  
Navigation Satellite ◽  
Global Navigation ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Precipitable water vapor (PWV) is a parameter that used to describe the water vapor content in the atmosphere has the potential to become a precipitation. Thus, it is important to measure PWV and investigate its trends and variability for potential forecasting precipitation. This study presents the variation of PWV at Tanay Upper Station (14°34’52.8”N, 121°22’08.9”E) from radiosonde operated by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration and at PIMO station (14°38’08.5”N, 121°04’39.4”E) using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) operated by NASAJet Propulsion Laboratory under the International GNSS Service (IGS) network from 2015-2017. Moreover, there is no significant difference (p-values < 0.05) among PWV radiosonde, GNSS-PWV and rainfall as a function of year of observation. Monthly mean variation conforms to the Coronas climate classification, Climate Type I, in terms of the amount of precipitation. It is shown that PWV is high during wet months and least during dry months (November to April). Further, monthly mean variation is moderate correlated with surface temperature from radiosonde (R = +0.589). Evaporation rate depends on the surface temperature, which contributes in forming water vapor. The results showed that PWV from radiosonde gave reasonable values to be considered during wet and dry season as well as the seasonal variation of rainfall.

scholarly journals Assimilation of GNSS PWV with NCAR-RTFDDA to Improve Prediction of a Landfall Typhoon

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Haishen Wang ◽  
Yubao Liu ◽  
Yuewei Liu ◽  
Yunchang Cao ◽  
Hong Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Precipitable Water ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Navigation Satellite ◽  
System A ◽  
Spiral Rainbands ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Four Dimensional Data Assimilation ◽  
The Impact

Precipitable water vapor (PWV) retrieved from ground-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) stations acquisition signal of a navigation satellite system provides high spatial and temporal resolution atmospheric water vapor. In this paper, an observation-nudging-based real-time four-dimensional data assimilation (RTFDDA) approach was used to assimilate the PWV estimated from GNSS observation into the WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) modeling system. A landfall typhoon, “Mangkhut”, is chosen to evaluate the impact of GNSS PWV data assimilation on its track, intensity, and precipitation prediction. The results show that RTFDDA can assimilate GNSS PWV data into WRF to improve the water vapor distribution associated with the typhoon. Assimilating the GNSS PWV improved the typhoon track and intensity prediction when and after the typhoon made landfall, correcting a 5–10 hPa overestimation (too deep) of the central pressure of the typhoon at landfall. It also improved the occurrence and the intensity of the major typhoon spiral rainbands.

scholarly journals Validating HY-2A CMR precipitable water vapor using ground-based and shipborne GNSS observations

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4963-4972
Author(s):  
Zhilu Wu ◽  
Yanxiong Liu ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Jungang Wang ◽  
Xiufeng He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Microwave Radiometer ◽  
Precipitable Water ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Precipitable Water Vapor ◽  
Tropospheric Delay ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
International Gnss Service ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Gnss Observations

Abstract. The calibration microwave radiometer (CMR) on board the Haiyang-2A (HY-2A) satellite provides wet tropospheric delay correction for altimetry data, which can also contribute to the understanding of climate system and weather processes. The ground-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) provides precise precipitable water vapor (PWV) with high temporal resolution and could be used for calibration and monitoring of the CMR data, and shipborne GNSS provides accurate PWV over open oceans, which can be directly compared with uncontaminated CMR data. In this study, the HY-2A CMR water vapor product is validated using ground-based GNSS observations of 100 International GNSS Service (IGS) stations along the global coastline and 56 d shipborne GNSS observations over the Indian Ocean. The processing strategy for GNSS data and CMR data is discussed in detail. Special efforts were made in the quality control and reconstruction of contaminated CMR data. The validation result shows that HY-2A CMR PWV agrees well with ground-based GNSS PWV with 2.67 mm as the root mean square (rms) within 100 km. Geographically, the rms is 1.12 mm in the polar region and 2.78 mm elsewhere. The PWV agreement between HY-2A and shipborne GNSS shows a significant correlation with the distance between the ship and the satellite footprint, with an rms of 1.57 mm for the distance threshold of 100 km. Ground-based GNSS and shipborne GNSS agree with HY-2A CMR well.

scholarly journals Error Evaluation of L-Band InSAR Precipitable Water Vapor Measurements by Comparison with GNSS Observations in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4866
Author(s):  
Keita Matsuzawa ◽  
Yohei Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Ionospheric Disturbance ◽  
Precipitable Water ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Precipitable Water Vapor ◽  
Error Level ◽  
Atmospheric Observations ◽  
L Band ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) enables us to obtain precipitable water vapor (PWV) maps with high spatial resolution through the phase difference caused by refraction in the atmosphere. Although previous studies have evaluated the error level of InSARPWV observations, they validated it only with C-band InSARPWV observations. Since ionospheric disturbance seriously contaminates the InSAR phase in the case of the lower-frequency SAR system, it is necessary for a PWV error level evaluation correcting the ionospheric effect appropriately if we use lower-frequency SAR systems, such as the Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 (ALOS-2). In this paper, we evaluated the error level of the L-band InSARPWV observation obtained from ALOS-2 data covering four areas in Japan. We compared the InSAR observations with global navigation satellite system (GNSS) atmospheric observations and estimated the L-band InSARPWV error value by utilizing the error propagation theory. As a result, the L-band InSARPWV absolute error reached 2.83 mm, which was comparable to traditional PWV observations. Moreover, we investigated the impacts of the seasonality, the interferometric coherence, and the height dependence on the PWV observation accuracy in InSAR.

scholarly journals Establishment of a regional precipitable water vapor model based on the combination of GNSS and ECMWF data

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yibin Yao ◽  
Xingyu Xu ◽  
Yufeng Hu
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Precipitable Water ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Precipitable Water Vapor ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Fusion Model ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Stability Structure ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Abstract. Water vapor is the engine of the weather. Owing to its large latent energy, the phase changes of water vapor significantly affect the vertical stability, structure and energy balance of the atmosphere. Many techniques are used for measuring the water vapor in the atmosphere such as radiosondes, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and water vapor radiometer (WVR). In addition, the method that uses European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) data is an important method for studying the variations in precipitable water vapor (PWV). This paper used both GNSS PWV and ECMWF PWV to establish a city-level local PWV fusion model using a Gaussian Processes method. The results indicate that by integrating the precipitable water vapor obtained from GNSS and ECMWF data, the accuracy of fusion PWV is improved by 1.89 mm in active tropospheric conditions and 2.61 mm in quiescent tropospheric conditions compared with ECMWF-PWV, reaching 3.87 mm and 3.97 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed fusion model is used to study the spatial and temporal distribution of PWV in Hong Kong. It is found that the accumulation of PWV corresponds to monsoon and rainfall events.

scholarly journals So sánh lượng hơi nước tích tụ tính bằng GNSS và bằng bóng thám không tại trạm Tân Sơn Hòa, thành phố Hồ Chí Minh

2014 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Định Quốc Huỳnh ◽  
Ngọc Lâu Nguyễn
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite System ◽  
Precipitable Water ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Precipitable Water Vapor ◽  
Navigation Satellite ◽  
Global Navigation ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Lượng hơi nước tích tụ PWV (Precipitable Water Vapor) trong khí quyển rất cần thiết trong công tác dự báo thời tiết. Việc xác định chỉ số PWV một cách chính xác hiện nay đang là vấn đề được nhiều người quan tâm trong lĩnh vực khí tượng thủy văn. Trong bài báo này, chúng tôi trình bày thuật toán xác định chỉ số PWV và kết quả so sánh giá trị PWV từ dữ liệu bóng thám không và từ dữ liệu GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) tại trạm Tân Sơn Hòa TP.HCM. Độ lệch giữa các kết quả PWV nhỏ hơn 1.2mm. Ngoài ra giá trị PWV thay đổi phù hợp với thời tiết thay đổi trong ngày khảo sát.

scholarly journals Assessment of Sampling Effects on Various Satellite-Derived Integrated Water Vapor Datasets Using GPS Measurements in Germany as Reference

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cintia Carbajal Henken ◽  
Lisa Dirks ◽  
Sandra Steinke ◽  
Hannes Diedrich ◽  
Thomas August ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Temporal Sampling ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Satellite Instruments

Passive imagers on polar-orbiting satellites provide long-term, accurate integrated water vapor (IWV) data sets. However, these climatologies are affected by sampling biases. In Germany, a dense Global Navigation Satellite System network provides accurate IWV measurements not limited by weather conditions and with high temporal resolution. Therefore, they serve as a reference to assess the quality and sampling issues of IWV products from multiple satellite instruments that show different orbital and instrument characteristics. A direct pairwise comparison between one year of IWV data from GPS and satellite instruments reveals overall biases (in kg/m 2 ) of 1.77, 1.36, 1.11, and −0.31 for IASI, MIRS, MODIS, and MODIS-FUB, respectively. Computed monthly means show similar behaviors. No significant impact of averaging time and the low temporal sampling on aggregated satellite IWV data is found, mostly related to the noisy weather conditions in the German domain. In combination with SEVIRI cloud coverage, a change of shape of IWV frequency distributions towards a bi-modal distribution and loss of high IWV values are observed when limiting cases to daytime and clear sky. Overall, sampling affects mean IWV values only marginally, which are rather dominated by the overall retrieval bias, but can lead to significant changes in IWV frequency distributions.

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