scholarly journals Understanding the Influence of Building Loads on Surface Settlement: A Case Study in the Central Business District of Beijing Combining Multi-Source Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3063
Author(s):  
Fengkai Li ◽  
Huili Gong ◽  
Beibei Chen ◽  
Mingliang Gao ◽  
Chaofan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Static Load ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Surface Settlement ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Foundation Settlement ◽  
Settlement Rate ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Business District ◽  
Building Loads

In metropolitan areas, the static load of high-rise buildings may result in uneven settlement, which seriously threatens residents’ living safety. Studying the response relationship between the additional stress of high-rise buildings and foundation settlement plays an important role in ensuring the safe development of metropolitan cities. Firstly, based on Persistent Scatterers Interferometric Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) technology, we used 68 descending TerraSAR-X images to obtain the surface settlement in the study area from April 2010 to October 2018, which were validated with leveling benchmark monitoring results. Secondly, we calculated the additional stress of the building loads to quantify its effect on the uneven settlement in the Central Business District (CBD) of Beijing. Finally, two sets of characteristic points were selected to analyze the response relationships between foundation settlement and additional stress generated by building loads. The findings show: (1) The surface settlement rate varied from −145.2 to 24 mm/year in the Beijing Plain. The InSAR results agree well with the monitoring results derived from the leveling benchmark; the Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.98 and 0.95 in 2011–2013 and 2015–2016, respectively. (2) The stress results show that the depth of the influence of the static load of high-rise buildings was 74.9 m underground in the CBD. (3) The spatial distribution pattern of the additional stress is consistent with the foundation settlement. A characteristic point with greater additional stress in the same group has a higher foundation settlement rate. This relationship has also been found between the uneven foundation settlement and additional stress gradients. These findings provide scientific support for mitigating economic losses due to foundation settlement caused by additional stresses derived from building loads.

scholarly journals Subsidence monitoring with TerraSAR-X data in Beijing Central Business District and subway tunnelings, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 382 ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengkai Li ◽  
Huili Gong ◽  
Beibei Chen ◽  
Mingliang Gao ◽  
Chaofan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Engineering Construction ◽  
Subsidence Rate ◽  
Business District ◽  
Land Subsidence Rate ◽  
Building Loads

Abstract. Land subsidence caused by large-scale engineering construction may damage the surrounding infrastructures and cause huge economic losses in inner-city environments. In this study, we used PS-InSAR technology on 68 TerraSAR-X images to acquire deformation in the Beijing Plain between February 2010 and December 2018. Then, we calculated the additional stress derived from building loads using the method proposed by Boussinesq in the Central Business District (CBD). We found that the depth of influence of additional stresses induced by building loads was 80 m and that spatial distribution pattern of the land subsidence rate agreed well with the additional stress. We found that the influence range of ground subsidence caused by metro construction is 200 m at Ciqikou station by analyzing the subsidence rate profile perpendicular to subway line No. 7 and that the maximum land subsidence rate is 23.2 mm yr−1. Time series analysis of PS around Ciqikou station shows that land subsidence caused by excavation activities mainly occurs in the period of metro construction. Ground deformation rate decreases gradually after 372 d of subway operation. The results of both cases show that large-scale engineering construction will lead to significant land subsidence which should be considered in future urbanization.

scholarly journals Investigating Daylight in the Apartment Buildings in Melbourne, Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Sehar Abidi ◽  
Priyadarsini Rajagopalan
Keyword(s):  
Central Business District ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Apartment Buildings ◽  
Floor Area Ratio ◽  
Planning Policy ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Business District

Daylighting improves users’ experience in visual comfort, aesthetics, behaviour and perception of space and plays an important part in enhancing the health and wellbeing of occupants inside a dwelling. However, daylighting design is challenging for high rise living since configuration of multiple apartments together often results in deep plans and wrongly oriented apartments with poor daylighting. Melbourne considered as the most liveable city in the world has witnessed a boom in high rise apartments in recent years, where bedrooms were designed without windows or with one small opening. Previous studies indicated that one out of two apartments in Melbourne’s central business district (CBD) failed to provide daylighting in the bedrooms. This has led to amendments in planning policy with the aim of providing access to daylight in all habitable rooms. This paper investigates the daylighting conditions in apartment buildings using field measurement and daylight simulations. Daylight levels in 12 apartment units in Melbourne CBD were measured. Additionally, daylight simulations were conducted to identify ways for optimizing light levels in standard layouts. The field measurements showed that daylighting levels were insufficient in one third the apartments due to the presence of deep floor plates and external obstructions. The results from the daylight simulations showed that window to floor area ratio (WFR) of approximately 30% is required for achieving acceptable daylighting levels in bedrooms that have south orientation.

scholarly journals A Thermodynamic Formulation of Home Prices in a Monocentric City

2020 ◽  
pp. 2050005
Author(s):  
Peter Tsung-Wen Yen ◽  
Mikhail Filippov ◽  
Siew Ann Cheong
Keyword(s):  
Housing Price ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Quantitative Agreement ◽  
Equilibrium Theory ◽  
Economic Segregation ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Price Distribution ◽  
Business District ◽  
Distance Formula

In this work, we proposed a theoretical framework inspired by physical thermodynamics to explain the housing price distributions in monocentric cities. In the same spirit as the Alonso–Muth–Mills (AMM) model, we assume that the disposable income [Formula: see text] after renting a home a distance [Formula: see text] from the center of a city is determined by the wage [Formula: see text] generated at the point-like Central Business District (CBD), the rent [Formula: see text], and the transportation cost [Formula: see text]. Unlike in the AMM model, where the scaling exponents are phenomenological, we admitted only physically reasonable exponents for the scaling of various quantities with distance [Formula: see text] from the CBD. We then determine the equilibrium rent [Formula: see text] by requiring [Formula: see text], where we assumed for simplicity the utility function [Formula: see text] (representing the demand side) has diminishing return in [Formula: see text]. In the simplest model, the equilibrium rent is given by [Formula: see text], i.e., the scaling of [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] is entirely determined by [Formula: see text]. We then introduce additional home availability [Formula: see text] (representing the supply side) into the simple theory in the form of an entropic correction, [Formula: see text]. The equilibrium rent then becomes [Formula: see text]. This allows us to treat additional availability due to the two-dimensional nature of cities, as well as that due to high-rise buildings on equal footing. Finally, we compare the equilibrium theory against urban data in Singapore, London and Philadelphia. For Singapore, we find quantitative agreement between theory and data. For London, we find only qualitative agreement between theory and data because the transportation cost is zone based. For Philadelphia, the home price distribution is very different from Singapore and London, and shows clear signs of economic segregation, which is difficult to treat in our equilibrium theory.

scholarly journals A detailed inventory of medium to high-rise buildings in Wellington's central business district

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 172-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aishwarya Puranam ◽  
Olga Filippova ◽  
Jacob Pastor-Paz ◽  
Max Stephens ◽  
Kenneth J. Elwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Business District ◽  
City Council ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Building Inventory ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Recent Earthquakes ◽  
Business District ◽  
Available Information

Recent earthquakes in New Zealand not only highlighted the vulnerabilities of the existing building stock but also the need for: (i) a better understanding of the building inventory, and (ii) easy access to information for quicker response after an event. In the case of Wellington, efforts over the years by the City Council and other stakeholders have produced a number of useful datasets about the building inventory. These available datasets when put together are critical in understanding the composition and characteristics of the building inventory in Wellington. This paper describes the available information, and the process to combine the different strands of data possessed by multiple stakeholders into an effective and usable multi-disciplinary building inventory database for Wellington’s CBD. The uses and future directions for this collated database are also discussed.

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