scholarly journals Spectral Signatures of X-ray Scatter Using Energy-Resolving Photon-Counting Detectors

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (22) ◽  
pp. 5022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cale E. Lewis ◽  
Mini Das

Energy-resolving photon-counting detectors (PCDs) separate photons from a polychromatic X-ray source into a number of separate energy bins. This spectral information from PCDs would allow advancements in X-ray imaging, such as improving image contrast, quantitative imaging, and material identification and characterization. However, aspects like detector spectral distortions and scattered photons from the object can impede these advantages if left unaccounted for. Scattered X-ray photons act as noise in an image and reduce image contrast, thereby significantly hindering PCD utility. In this paper, we explore and outline several important characteristics of spectral X-ray scatter with examples of soft-material imaging (such as cancer imaging in mammography or explosives detection in airport security). Our results showed critical spectral signatures of scattered photons that depend on a few adjustable experimental factors. Additionally, energy bins over a large portion of the spectrum exhibit lower scatter-to-primary ratio in comparison to what would be expected when using a conventional energy-integrating detector. These important findings allow flexible choice of scatter-correction methods and energy-bin utilization when using PCDs. Our findings also propel the development of efficient spectral X-ray scatter correction methods for a wide range of PCD-based applications.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 5757
Author(s):  
Salim Aymeric Si-Mohamed ◽  
Jade Miailhes ◽  
Pierre-Antoine Rodesch ◽  
Sara Boccalini ◽  
Hugo Lacombe ◽  
...  

The X-ray imaging field is currently undergoing a period of rapid technological innovation in diagnostic imaging equipment. An important recent development is the advent of new X-ray detectors, i.e., photon-counting detectors (PCD), which have been introduced in recent clinical prototype systems, called PCD computed tomography (PCD-CT) or photon-counting CT (PCCT) or spectral photon-counting CT (SPCCT) systems. PCD allows a pixel up to 200 microns pixels at iso-center, which is much smaller than that can be obtained with conventional energy integrating detectors (EID). PCDs have also a higher dose efficiency than EID mainly because of electronic noise suppression. In addition, the energy-resolving capabilities of these detectors allow generating spectral basis imaging, such as the mono-energetic images or the water/iodine material images as well as the K-edge imaging of a contrast agent based on atoms of high atomic number. In recent years, studies have therefore been conducted to determine the potential of PCD-CT as an alternative to conventional CT for chest imaging.


Author(s):  
Thomas Thuering ◽  
Spyridon Gkoumas ◽  
Pietro Zambon ◽  
Peter Trueb ◽  
Michael Rissi ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
R. Ballabriga ◽  
J. Alozy ◽  
F. N. Bandi ◽  
M. Campbell ◽  
N. Egidos ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyuan Zhang ◽  
Liang Li ◽  
Jiayou Chen ◽  
Zhiqiang Chen ◽  
Wenli Zhang ◽  
...  

Nanoparticles (NPs) are currently under intensive research for their application in tumor diagnosis and therapy. X-ray fluorescence computed tomography (XFCT) is considered a promising non-invasive imaging technique to obtain the bio-distribution of nanoparticles which include high-Z elements (e.g., gadolinium (Gd) or gold (Au)). In the present work, a set of experiments with quantitative imaging of GdNPs in mice were performed using our benchtop XFCT device. GdNPs solution which consists of 20 mg/mL NaGdF4 was injected into a nude mouse and two tumor-bearing mice. Each mouse was then irradiated by a cone-beam X-ray source produced by a conventional X-ray tube and a linear-array photon counting detector with a single pinhole collimator was placed on one side of the beamline to record the intensity and spatial information of the X-ray fluorescent photons. The maximum likelihood iterative algorithm with scatter correction and attenuation correction method was applied for quantitative reconstruction of the XFCT images. The results show that the distribution of GdNPs in each target slice (containing liver, kidney or tumor) was well reconstructed and the concentration of GdNPs deposited in each organ was quantitatively estimated, which indicates that this benchtop XFCT system provides convenient tools for obtaining accurate concentration distribution of NPs injected into animals and has potential for imaging of nanoparticles in vivo.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Hayashi ◽  
Natsumi Kimoto ◽  
Takashi Asahara ◽  
Takumi Asakawa ◽  
Cheonghae Lee ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. C12024-C12024 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dudak ◽  
J. Karch ◽  
K. Holcova ◽  
J. Zemlicka

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