scholarly journals Performance Study of a Zirconia-Doped Fiber for Distributed Temperature Sensing by OFDR at 800 °C

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3788
Author(s):  
Patrick Bulot ◽  
Rémy Bernard ◽  
Monika Cieslikiewicz-Bouet ◽  
Guillaume Laffont ◽  
Marc Douay
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Signal Amplitude ◽  
Temperature Sensing ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Distributed Temperature Sensing ◽  
Rayleigh Backscattering ◽  
Scattering Signal

Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry (OFDR) is used to make temperature distributed sensing measurements along a fiber by exploiting Rayleigh backscattering. This technique presents high spatial and high temperature resolutions on temperature ranges of several hundred of degrees Celsius. With standard telecommunications fibers, measurement errors coming from the correlation between a high temperature Rayleigh trace and the one taken as a reference at room temperature could be present at extremely high temperatures. These correlation errors, due to low backscattering signal amplitude and unstable backscattering signal, induce temperature measurement errors. Thus, for high temperature measurement ranges and at extremely high temperatures (e.g., at 800 °C), a known solution is to use fibers with femtosecond laser inscribed nanograting. These fs-laser-insolated fibers have a high amplitude and thermally stable scattering signal, and they exhibit lower correlation errors. In this article, temperature sensing at 800 °C is reported by using an annealed zirconia-doped optical fiber with an initial 40.5-dB enhanced scattering signal. The zirconia-doped fiber presents initially OFDR losses of 2.8 dB/m and low OFDR signal drift at 800 °C. The ZrO2-doped fiber is an alternative to nanograting-inscribed fiber to make OFDR distributed fiber sensing on several meters with gauge lengths of 1 cm at high temperatures.

High Temperature n- and p-type Doped Microcrystalline Silicon Layers Grown by VHF PECVD Layer-by-Layer Deposition

2003 ◽  
Vol 762 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gordijn ◽  
J.K. Rath ◽  
R.E.I. Schropp
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Hydrogen Plasma ◽  
Silicon Layer ◽  
Dark Conductivity ◽  
High Deposition Rate ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Microcrystalline Silicon

AbstractDue to the high temperatures used for high deposition rate microcrystalline (μc-Si:H) and polycrystalline silicon, there is a need for compact and temperature-stable doped layers. In this study we report on films grown by the layer-by-layer method (LbL) using VHF PECVD. Growth of an amorphous silicon layer is alternated by a hydrogen plasma treatment. In LbL, the surface reactions are separated time-wise from the nucleation in the bulk. We observed that it is possible to incorporate dopant atoms in the layer, without disturbing the nucleation. Even at high substrate temperatures (up to 400°C) doped layers can be made microcrystalline. At these temperatures, in the continuous wave case, crystallinity is hindered, which is generally attributed to the out-diffusion of hydrogen from the surface and the presence of impurities (dopants).We observe that the parameter window for the treatment time for p-layers is smaller compared to n-layers. Moreover we observe that for high temperatures, the nucleation of p-layers is more adversely affected than for n-layers. Thin, doped layers have been structurally, optically and electrically characterized. The best n-layer made at 400°C, with a thickness of only 31 nm, had an activation energy of 0.056 eV and a dark conductivity of 2.7 S/cm, while the best p-layer made at 350°C, with a thickness of 29 nm, had an activation energy of 0.11 V and a dark conductivity of 0.1 S/cm. The suitability of these high temperature n-layers has been demonstrated in an n-i-p microcrystalline silicon solar cell with an unoptimized μc-Si:H i-layer deposited at 250°C and without buffer. The Voc of the cell is 0.48 V and the fill factor is 70 %.

NICROFER 5520 Co

Alloy Digest ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Temperature Corrosion ◽  
Creep Properties ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract NICROFER 5520 Co is a nickel-chromium-cobalt-molybdenum alloy with excellent strength and creep properties up to high temperatures. Due to its balanced chemical composition the alloy shows outstanding resistance to high temperature corrosion in the form of oxidation and carburization. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ni-480. Producer or source: VDM Technologies Corporation.

CARLSON ALLOY C601

Alloy Digest ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Resistance To Stress ◽  
Extended Exposure ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Abstract Carlson Alloy C601 is characterized by high tensile, yield and creep-rupture strengths for high temperature service. The alloy is not embrittled by extended exposure to high temperatures and has excellent resistance to stress-corrosion cracking, to carburizing, nitriding and sulfur containing environments. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ni-458. Producer or source: G.O. Carlson Inc.

INCOTHERM TD

Alloy Digest ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract Incotherm TD is a thermocouple-sheathing alloy with elements of silicon and rare earths to enhance oxidation resistance at high temperatures. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties as well as deformation. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming. Filing Code: Ni-628. Producer or source: Special Metals Corporation.

HASTELLOY ALLOY X

Alloy Digest ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Molybdenum Alloy ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Nickel Chromium

Abstract HASTELLOY Alloy X is a nickel-chromium-iron-molybdenum alloy recommended for high-temperature applications. It has outstanding oxidation resistance at high temperatures under most operating conditions, and good high-temperature strength. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: Ni-14. Producer or source: Haynes Stellite Company.

KUBOTA ALLOY HT

Alloy Digest ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Nickel Alloy ◽  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Iron Chromium

Abstract Kubota Alloy HT is an iron-chromium-nickel alloy that has both strength and oxidation resistance at high temperatures. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as casting and joining. Filing Code: SS-1108. Producer or source: Kubota Metal Corporation, Fahramet Division.

KENTANIUM K138A

Alloy Digest ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Titanium Carbide ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
High Temperatures

Abstract Kentanium K138-A is a high temperature titanium carbide that greatly widens the scope of the engineering design where conditions of intermittent or continuous high temperatures in oxidizing atmospheres are combined with abrasion, and compressive or tensile loads. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and compressive strength as well as fracture toughness, creep, and fatigue. It also includes information on machining and joining. Filing Code: Ti-40. Producer or source: Kennametal Inc..

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