scholarly journals “Involved Is an Interesting Word”: An Empirical Case for Redefining School-Based Parental Involvement as Parental Efficacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Benjamin G. Gibbs ◽  
Miles Marsala ◽  
Ashley Gibby ◽  
Miriam Clark ◽  
Craig Alder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Parental Involvement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Parental Efficacy ◽  
Immersion Program ◽  
School Contexts ◽  
The Past ◽  
School Based ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Parents Involvement

School-based parental involvement is a common practice in the United States, and yet there is an emerging view that parents’ involvement in schools may have little if any academic benefit for their children. However, such conclusions are often based on narrowly construed survey questions, such as “Did you attend PTA in the past year?”. In our study, we re-examine commonly used measurements of school-based parental involvement using 130 interviews with parents and administrators across three diverse elementary schools. We compare conventional survey measures of school-based parental involvement with our own qualitative assessments of parental efficacy. Notably, we find that highly efficacious parents employed a wide range of involvement strategies, undetected by some traditional metrics of involvement (i.e., attending PTA meetings). As expected, we also find that efficacious parents were largely advantaged themselves and concentrated in advantaged schools. However, school contexts can play a powerful role in shaping the reception of parents’ engagement with schools—the presence of a Spanish immersion program transformed how teachers and administrators interpreted the involvement activities of Latinx parents. Our results point to the importance of (1) recasting parental involvement as parental efficacy and (2) integrating school contexts to understand how efficacy can be more effectively encouraged and deployed.

scholarly journals Development of Parental Efficacy Scale to Measure Parents’ Involvement Capabilities in Elementary Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Yosef Yosef ◽  
Hasmalena Hasmalena ◽  
Sigit Dwi Sucipto
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Elementary Education ◽  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Elementary Children ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Parental Efficacy ◽  
Parents Involvement ◽  
At Home

Parental involvement had benefit for the education of elementary children. Yet, knowing parental efficacy was important factor to do such involvement.  The purpose of this study was to design and examine a practical, valid, and reliable parental efficacy scale for measuring parents’ capabilities to involve in elementary education. A total of 402 parents of elementary children participated in this study, consisting of 114 fathers (28.36%) and 288 mothers (71.64%). They were selected randomly from 10 elementary schools and fulfilled informed consent showing they participated voluntarily in the study. A Parental Efficacy Scale which had been designed was tested for its practicality, validity and reliability. This self-report instrument asked parents to respond 67 items containing six aspects, namely their belief to be able parenting children, communicating with the school, helping children learn at home, becoming school volunteers, making decisions, and collaborating with community. The results showed that the scale fulfilled all of three requirements in all six aspects.

‘Een homo is minder verdacht dan een held’ : Literaire verbeeldingen van Michiel de Ruyter en het nationale-identiteitsdebat na 2001

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-194
Author(s):  
Marc van Zoggel
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
National History ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Historically, the glorification of the past and the eulogizing of national heroes in art and literature have been constructive elements in the process of nation building. In the postmodern era, however, a cultivation of national history and its great men and women is often regarded outdated or even suspect and regressive. The ‘nine eleven’ terrorist attacks in the United States and the rise and assassination of Dutch politician Pim Fortuyn intensified an ongoing debate in the Netherlands about the meaning and value of a shared ‘Dutch national identity’ in a multicultural, diversified society. In this article, I argue that several novels and poems about Dutch naval hero Michiel de Ruyter (1607-1676), published in or in the wake of the ‘De Ruyter year 2007’, both reproduce and challenge a wide range of voices, viewpoints and sentiments within the hot topic of national identity in the twenty-first century.

Introduction: Immigration and Incorporation

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén G. Rumbaut
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Immigrant Settlement ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
American Society

In at least one sense the “American century” is ending much as it had begun: the United States has again become a nation of immigrants, and it is again being transformed in the process. But the diversity of the “new immigration” to the United States over the past three decades differs in many respects from that of the last period of mass immigration in the first three decades of the century. The immigrants themselves differ greatly in their social class and national origins, and so does the American society, polity, and economy that receives them—raising questions about their modes of incorporation, and challenging conventional accounts of assimilation processes that were framed during that previous epoch. The dynamics and future course of their adaptation are open empirical questions—as well as major questions for public policy, since the outcome will shape the future contours of American society. Indeed, as the United States undergoes its most profound demographic transformation in a century; as inexorable processes of globalization, especially international migrations from Asia, Africa, and the Americas, diversify still further the polyethnic composition of its population; and as issues of immigration, race and ethnicity become the subject of heated public debate, the question of incorporation, and its serious study, becomes all the more exigent. The essays in this special issue of Sociological Perspectives tackle that subject from a variety of analytical vantages and innovative approaches, covering a wide range of groups in major areas of immigrant settlement. Several of the papers focus specifically on Los Angeles and New York City, where, remarkably, fully a quarter of the total U.S. immigrant population resides.

scholarly journals Dysphagia Management in Schools: A Survey of Speech-Language Pathologists

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 527-546
Author(s):  
Catherine Felicetti ◽  
Kelly Richardson ◽  
Angela Mansolillo
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
The United States ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
School Based ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pediatric Feeding ◽  
Survey Responses

Purpose To date, few studies have examined school-based pediatric feeding and swallowing practices across the United States. This study aims to (a) identify barriers to feeding and swallowing service provision in an educational setting and (b) identify the types of service suggested by school-based speech-language pathologists in response to a fictional case study. Method School-based speech-language pathologists and clinical fellows were invited to participate in a 15-min web-based survey. The survey questions addressed demographic and vocational information and perceived barriers to service provision. Survey respondents were also asked to develop a treatment plan in response to a fictional case study. In total, 200 anonymous survey responses were coded and analyzed using qualitative analysis methods. Results A number of barriers to practice were identified, which include academic and/or clinical preparedness and concerns related to the educational relevance of service. Analysis of the case study results indicated a wide range of treatment plans. The most common type of direct intervention suggested was an oral motor exercise regime, followed by diet modifications, and the implementation of safe swallow strategies. Conclusions Information gained in this study may be used to support policies and protocols related to the assessment and treatment of pediatric feeding and swallowing impairment in school settings.

scholarly journals PARENTS INVOLVEMENT ON CHILDREN’S EDUCATION AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN OMESURI, LEMBATA REGENCY

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ramadhan Jamhar ◽  
Sunu Hastuti
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Elementary Education ◽  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Children's Education ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Children’S Education ◽  
Parents Involvement ◽  
Learning At Home

This study was done to know the parents’ involvement on children’s education at elementary school in Omesuri, Lembata Regency. The aim of the study is to ascertain how does parental involvement on students elementary education. In this case study, a qualitative research was used. Data was gathered by interviewing parents of five differents elementary school in Omesuri, who all have children that have good achivement in academic. The study found that all participants are all highly involved with their children’s education. However, not all aspects the parents involved. There were three of six aspects that the parents involved, namely parenting, communication, and learning at home. While the other three aspects were not involved, namely volunteering, decision making, and collaborating with community. The study showed that parental involvement has positive effects on students’ academic achievement on Elementary Schools in Omesuri.

scholarly journals Income Inequality and Advanced Democracies

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki L. Birchfield ◽  
Raisa Mulatinho Simões
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Macroeconomic Conditions ◽  
Classical Economics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cross National

Over the past several decades, social scientists from a wide range of disciplines have produced a rich body of scholarship addressing the growing phenomenon of income inequality across and within advanced capitalist democracies. As globalization intensifies some scholars are beginning to put income disparities in developed democracies into wider perspective, examining inequality in advanced economies within the framework of global income distribution. As an object of inquiry, income inequality must be distinguished from the presumably more value-neutral term, income distribution, which has been studied since the origins of classical economics. How one derives a judgment about whether or not a given society’s income distribution is characterized by inequality requires an evaluative metric of either a longitudinal or a cross-sectional nature. Generally speaking and to side-step explicitly normative questions—the relative degree of inequality may be empirically assessed by temporal or longitudinal comparisons for single country studies (e.g., income distribution in the United States is more unequal now than in the 1950s and 1960s) or, alternatively, through cross-national comparisons (e.g., income inequality is higher in Great Britain than in Sweden). It is important to note that the lack of authoritative, comparable cross-national data until relatively recently impeded progress of this latter category of research. As a result, systematic investigations of income inequality or patterns of income distribution tended to be the exclusive domain of economists or sociologists and mostly focused on the United States. Within the past decade, however, political scientists—especially comparative political economists—have mined new databases and generated an impressive body of literature that moves research beyond a narrow focus on single-country studies to rigorous cross-national and time-series analyses and into new theoretical directions engaging the classic, paradigmatic questions of “who gets what, when, and how” that have long exercised the minds of students of politics and political economists. Given the intrinsic multidisciplinarity of the subject of income inequality, this article includes research by economists and sociologists as well as political scientists. Most research on income inequality addresses one of the following areas of inquiry: (1) the causal forces driving increasing inequality in developed economies; (2) the socioeconomic effects and political consequences of income inequality; (3) the relationships between income inequality and macroeconomic conditions, such as economic growth, unemployment, and the degree of trade and internationalization of the domestic economy. The recent work by French economist Thomas Piketty, whose 2013 book (2014, English translation) sold 2. 5 million copies, warrants special comment given its comprehensive scope and influence in putting income inequality at the forefront of global debates. Lastly, a new and growing body of scholarship explores the relationship among the environment, climate change, and income inequality.

Help!!! What Computer Should I Buy???

1981 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 593-598
Author(s):  
Ludwig Braun
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range

The plea in the title of this article has been made to me hundreds of times in the past three years by educators and administrators all over the United States. These people are bewildered by the technology and its capabilities, by the large number of companies marketing microcomputers, by the rapid rate of new developments in microcomputer technology, and by the wide range of models and peripherals available.

Taking Measure of the UN's Legacy at Seventy-Five

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-295
Author(s):  
David M. Malone ◽  
Adam Day
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
New Ideas

AbstractOver the past seventy-five years, the UN has evolved significantly, often in response to geopolitical dynamics and new waves of thinking. In some respects, the UN has registered remarkable achievements, stimulating a wide range of multilateral treaties, promoting significant growth of human rights, and at times playing a central role in containing and preventing large-scale armed conflict. As part of the special issue on “The United Nations at Seventy-Five: Looking Back to Look Forward,” this essay argues that the organization has been the most impactful in three areas: producing, shaping, and driving key ideas, particularly on development and rights; generating such effective operational agencies as UNICEF and the World Food Program; and, especially in the immediate post–Cold War period, addressing major conflict risks through the Security Council. Since then, however, the UN has struggled to meet emerging challenges on many fronts and been increasingly hampered by internal ossification and institutional sprawl as well as internecine dysfunction. The twenty-first century has confronted the UN with further challenges relating most notably to climate change; to risks arising from new technologies; and to the increasingly fraught relationships between China, Russia, and the United States. If the past seventy-five years can offer one lesson, it is that new thinking and new ideas will need to drive the organization to evolve still further and faster, or else risk irrelevance.

scholarly journals Internet Revolution or Just Fitna: Towards the Tenth Anniversary of the Arab Spring

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-542
Author(s):  
Aleksey Mikhailovich Vasiliev ◽  
Natalia Aleksandrovna Zherlitsina
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Arab Spring ◽  
The United States ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Arab States ◽  
The Arab Spring

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the tenth anniversary of the revolutionary events in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), called the Arab Spring. The relevance of the study of the consequences of political transformations in Arab countries is due to the incompleteness of the modernization processes in such areas as public administration, justice and human rights, which gave rise to the discontent of the active part of society, which had initiated the protests. The idea of the research was to compare the causes of popular uprisings, the methods of political struggle, the main actors and the results of the Arab Spring for most of the countries affected by this process. Particular attention has been paid to the growing popularity of Islamist political forces, which have given their answers and pseudo-answers to acute societal issues. With the help of comparative and typological analysis, the peculiarities of different models of political development in the Middle East and North African countries have been studied. Over the past decade, world science has accumulated a significant layer of research on the Arab Spring phenomenon. The authors have taken into account a wide range of opinions of scholars from Europe, the United States, Turkey, Israel, and the Arab states. Aiming to assess the political transformation of the MENA region over the past 10 years, this study analyzes changes in the position of external actors such as Russia and the USA. The authors conclude that the influence of the US as a whole in the region has decreased, while the influence of Russia, Turkey, Iran, and Saudi Arabia has increased. Israel has managed to strengthen its own security by establishing normal relations with a number of Arab states in the region. The popular unrest that erupted again in Iraq, Lebanon, Sudan, Algeria, and Tunisia in 2018-2021 was objectively caused by the same conditions that had given rise to the Arab Spring and with the same uncertain results so far.

scholarly journals Why not an International Journal of Clinical Legal Education?

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Gold
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Law School ◽  
The Past ◽  
School Based ◽  
Important Milestone

Jerome Frank may have suggested the term Clinical Legal Education (CLE) first when he asked “Why Not a Clinical Lawyer School?”2; but, it was not until the New York City based Council on Legal Education for Professional Responsibility (CLEPR), funded by the Ford Foundation, took the pre-eminently active role in promoting and supporting law school-based experimentation in the 1970s and 1980s that CLE truly had an opportunity to develop. Over the past thirty plus years CLE has become more and more central to legal education, especially in the United States; innovations elsewhere have been fewer, more modest, and slower to develop, but of significance to the shifting culture of law learning, wherever they have taken place. The inception of the Journal3 marks an important milestone in the continuing development of CLE; for with this volume, we formally recognise that CLE is a vitally important and diverse phenomenon with a global reach.

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