scholarly journals The Effect of Caffeine Ingestion and Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse on High-Intensity Running Performance

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Germaine ◽  
Kieran Collins ◽  
Marcus Shortall
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Caffeine Ingestion ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Placebo Capsule ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Mouth Rinsing

The aim of the current study was to investigate whether carbohydrate mouth rinsing works synergistically with caffeine to augment high-intensity running in a fed state. Eight participants completed a total of three trials; (1) placebo (PLA) trial (placebo capsule + placebo mouth rinse), (2) caffeine (CAF) trial (400 mg caffeine + placebo mouth rinse) and (3) carbohydrate mouth rinse + caffeine (CMR + CAF) trial (400 mg caffeine + 6% carbohydrate mouth rinse). Each trial consisted of a 45 min steady-state run at 65% VO2max, followed by 90% VO2max high-intensity intervals (HIIT) at 1 min and subsequently by a 1 min recovery walking at 6 km·h−1, until exhaustion. Both CAF (46.8 ± 20.1 min) and CMR + CAF (46.9 ± 18.4 min) time to exhaustion were significantly greater than the PLA group (36.2 ± 14.8 min, p < 0.001). Post hoc analysis revealed that there was a significant increase in time to exhaustion between PLA and CMR + CAF (p = 0.006) and PLA and CAF (p = 0.017) but not between CAF and CMR + CAF (p = 0.99). In conclusion, we provide novel data that suggest that caffeine alone would likely suffice as an ergogenic aid during high-intensity running while in a fed state.

scholarly journals Effects of carbohydrate mouth rinse and caffeine on high-intensity interval running in a fed state

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Devenney ◽  
Shane Mangan ◽  
Marcus Shortall ◽  
Kieran Collins
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Small Benefit ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Mouth Rinsing

The current study aims to identify if mouth rinsing with a 6% carbohydrate mouth-rinse (CMR) solution and mouth rinsing and ingestion of caffeine (CMR+CAFF) can affect exercise performance during steady-state (SS) running and high-intensity intervals (HIIT) in comparison with a 0% control solution (PLA) when in a fed state. Eight recreationally trained males completed 3 trials (CMR, CMR+CAFF, and PLA) of 45 min SS running and an HIIT protocol (90% peak treadmill velocity) until fatigue in a double blinded, repeated-measures study. Participants ingested a capsule of either CAFF or PLA before and after SS. Participants received a 25-mL bolus of carbohydrate solution (CMR and CMR+CAFF trials) or taste-matched PLA (PLA trial) prior to HIIT protocol and after every second effort. Heart rate and lactate responses were recorded throughout the SS and HIIT protocol. CMR+CAFF was significantly different when compared with PLA (p = 0.001; Cohens d = 1.34) and CMR (p = 0.031; Cohens d = 0.87) in relation to distance covered before fatigue. Although there was no significant difference between CMR and PLA, there was a small benefit for CMR (p = 0.218; Cohens d = 0.46). Results indicate that CMR and ingestion of CAFF leads to improvements in performance during interval sessions while participants were in a fed state. These findings indicate that the regular use of CMR can decrease the risk of gastrointestinal distress reported by athletes, which can be applicable to athletes in a real-world setting.

The Effects of Caffeine Mouth Rinsing on Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 362-373
Author(s):  
Alex M. Ehlert ◽  
Hannah M. Twiddy ◽  
Patrick B. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Systemic Absorption ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Genetic Modifiers ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Caffeine Ingestion ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Negative Side Effects ◽  
Mouth Rinsing

Caffeine ingestion can improve performance across a variety of exercise modalities but can also elicit negative side effects in some individuals. Thus, there is a growing interest in the use of caffeine mouth rinse solutions to improve sport and exercise performance while minimizing caffeine’s potentially adverse effects. Mouth rinse protocols involve swilling a solution within the oral cavity for a short time (e.g., 5–10 s) before expectorating it to avoid systemic absorption. This is believed to improve performance via activation of taste receptors and stimulation of the central nervous system. Although reviews of the literature indicate that carbohydrate mouth rinsing can improve exercise performance in some situations, there has been no attempt to systematically review the available literature on caffeine mouth rinsing and its effects on exercise performance. To fill this gap, a systematic literature search of three databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) was conducted by two independent reviewers. The search resulted in 11 randomized crossover studies that were appraised and reviewed. Three studies found significant positive effects of caffeine mouth rinsing on exercise performance, whereas the remaining eight found no improvements or only suggestive benefits. The mixed results may be due to heterogeneity in the methods across studies, interindividual differences in bitter tasting, and differences in the concentrations of caffeine solutions. Future studies should evaluate how manipulating the concentration of caffeine solutions, habitual caffeine intake, and genetic modifiers of bitter taste influence the efficacy of caffeine mouth rinsing as an ergogenic strategy.

scholarly journals Aceleraciones de alta intensidad en el fútbol. ¿Por qué es importante el método de evaluación? (High-intensity acceleration in soccer. Why is the evaluation method important?)

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 750-754
Author(s):  
Francisco Ignacio Martínez-Cabrera ◽  
Francisco Javier Núñez-Sánchez ◽  
Alejandro Muñoz-López ◽  
Moisés De Hoyo
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Absolute Acceleration ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Maximal Acceleration ◽  
Relative Threshold ◽  
Post Hoc

    El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar las posibles diferencias entre el uso de diferentes tipos de umbrales para evaluar los esfuerzos de alta intensidad, tanto en número como en distancia recorrida en jóvenes futbolistas de élite. Un total de 26 jóvenes jugadores fueron analizados durante 18 partidos oficiales (n = 108). Los esfuerzos de alta intensidad se evaluaron utilizando un umbral relativo individualizado basado en la capacidad de acelerar a diferentes velocidades iniciales, considerando la aceleración de alta intensidad cuando fue >75% de la capacidad máxima de acelerar (>75% amax). Se utilizó también un umbral >21 km·h-1 cuando la intensidad de la aceleración fue >75% amax, y umbrales absolutos >3 m·s-2 y >4 m·s-2, contabilizando tanto el número como la distancia (metros). El análisis post hoc mostró diferencias significativas por pares entre el uso de umbrales a alta intensidad (p < .05), en número y distancia. Los resultados mostraron que el uso de umbrales absolutos podría sobreestimar (>3 m·s-2) y subestimar (>4 m·s-2 y >21 km·h-1) esfuerzos de aceleración a alta intensidad (tanto en número como en distancia) en comparación con el uso de un umbral relativo individualizado (p < .05). Por lo tanto, concluimos que el uso de umbrales de aceleración absolutos (>3 m·s-2 y >4 m·s-2) puede no ser apropiado para analizar estos esfuerzos de alta intensidad en jóvenes futbolistas. Además, los umbrales de velocidad de carrera podrían subestimar las acciones de alta intensidad desarrolladas en una distancia corta, siendo más apropiados combinarlos con un umbral relativo individual para evaluar las acciones de alta intensidad en partidos de fútbol. Abstract. The aim of the current study was to analyze the possible differences between the use of different kinds of thresholds to assess high-intensity acceleration efforts, both in number and distance covered in young elite soccer players. A total of 26 young soccer players were analyzed during 18 competitive matches (n=108). High-intensity acceleration efforts were assessed using an individual relative threshold based on the capacity of acceleration from different initial speeds, considering high-intensity acceleration when it was >75% of the maximal acceleration (>75% amax). It was also used a threshold >21 km·h-1 when the acceleration intensity was >75% amax, and absolute thresholds of >3 m·s-2 and >4 m·s-2, both in number and distance (meters). Post hoc analysis showed pairwise significant differences between the use of high-intensity thresholds (p < .05), in number and distance. The results showed that the use of absolute thresholds could overestimate (>3 m·s-2) and underestimate (>4 m·s-2 and >21 km·h-1) high-intensity acceleration efforts (both in number and distance) in comparison with the use of an individual relative threshold (p < .05), whereas a threshold based on high-speed running could underestimate high-intensity acceleration efforts (p < .05). Therefore we conclude that the use of absolute acceleration thresholds (>3 m·s-2 and >4 m·s-2) may not be appropriate to analyze these efforts in young soccer players. In addition, speed running thresholds could underestimate high-intensity actions developed in short distance, being more appropriate to combine with an individual relative threshold to assess high-intensity action in soccer matches. 

scholarly journals Menthol Mouth Rinsing Is More Than Just a Mouth Wash—Swilling of Menthol to Improve Physiological Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica H. Gavel ◽  
Kierstyn V. Hawke ◽  
David J. Bentley ◽  
Heather M. Logan-Sprenger
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Physiological Performance ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Mouth Wash ◽  
Hot Environments ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Mouth Rinsing

Interventions that solely act on the central nervous system (CNS) are gaining considerable interest, particularly products consumed through the oral cavity. The oropharyngeal cavity contains a wide array of receptors that respond to sweet, bitter, and cold tastants, all of which have been shown to improve physiological performance. Of late, the ergogenic benefits of carbohydrate (CHO) and caffeine (CAF) mouth rinsings (MRs) have been widely studied; however, less is known about menthol (MEN). That the physiological state and environmental conditions impact the response each product has is increasingly recognized. While the effects of CHO and CAF MRs have been thoroughly studied in both hot and thermoneutral conditions, less is known about MEN as it has only been studied in hot environments. As such, this review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the MEN MR and exercise modality, frequency of the mouth rinse, and mouth rinse duration and compares two different types of study designs: time trials vs. time to exhaustion (TTE).

No Improvement in Running Time to Exhaustion at 100% VO2max in Recreationally Active Male Runners With a Preexercise Single-Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1178-1183
Author(s):  
Luana T. Rossato ◽  
Camila T.M. Fernandes ◽  
Públio F. Vieira ◽  
Flávia M.S. de Branco ◽  
Paula C. Nahas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Running Time ◽  
Before And After

Background: Carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse has been used as an ergogenic strategy due to its central effect; however, the effects of this intervention during short-duration high-intensity exercises are not fully understood. Purpose: To investigate the effect of CHO mouth rinse on time to exhaustion in a short-duration high-intensity exercise performed on a treadmill. Methods: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study was conducted with 10 (24.1 [4.3] y) recreationally active male runners. The protocol consisted of a warm-up at 65% of VO2max for 5 min followed by 3 min passive rest. At the end of this rest period, the individuals performed their mouth rinse either with CHO (maltodextrin, 6%) or with placebo (industrialized noncaloric juice with the same taste). Immediately after mouth rinse, the subjects ran at velocity equivalent to 100% of individual VO2max until voluntary exhaustion. The perceived effort was obtained through a Borg scale. Blood lactate was quantified before and after the protocol, and heart rate was evaluated during the protocol. Results: No difference was found (P = .90) in time to exhaustion between placebo (193.9 [46.5] s) and CHO mouth rinse (195.1 [51.8] s). Blood lactate, heart rate, and perception of effort increased in both groups, but with no differences (all variables, P > .05) between groups. Conclusion: The findings showed that a preexercise single-CHO mouth rinse was ineffective to improve running time to exhaustion at velocity equivalent to 100% VO2max on a treadmill in recreationally active male runners.

scholarly journals Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse Maintains Muscle Electromyographic Activity and Increases Time to Exhaustion during Moderate but not High-Intensity Cycling Exercise

Nutrients ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Bastos-Silva ◽  
Alan Melo ◽  
Adriano Lima-Silva ◽  
Felipe Moura ◽  
Rômulo Bertuzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Mouth Rinse ◽  
Cycling Exercise

The effect of high intensity statin use on liver density: A post hoc analysis of the coronary artery calcification treatment with zocor [CATZ] study

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-615
Author(s):  
Sudipa Sarkar ◽  
James G. Terry ◽  
T. Alp Ikizler ◽  
John R. Crouse ◽  
J. Jeffrey Carr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcification ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Statin Use

Abstract #295 GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Death From Any Cause in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Post-Hoc Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Toulis ◽  
Krishna Gokhale ◽  
G. Neil Thomas ◽  
Wasim Hanif ◽  
Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract #245 Efficacy and Safety of Semaglutide in Elderly Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Sustain 7 Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 51-52
Author(s):  
Vanita Aroda ◽  
Danny Sugimoto ◽  
David Trachtenbarg ◽  
Mark Warren ◽  
Gurudutt Nayak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Post Hoc
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