Antibacterial Efficacy of Mouth Rinsing With 0.4% Syzygium Cumini Leaf Extract Against Streptococcus Mutans: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Syzygium cumini leaf extract possess a range of pharmacological properties such as anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcerogenic, cardioprotective, antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. Objective of the study was to evaluate and compare the antibacterial efficacy of 0.4% Syzygium cumini leaf extract and 0.2% chlorhexidine containing mouthwashes on salivary Streptococcus mutans among children aged 7-8 years in a hospital setting. Methods: Twenty-four school children aged 7-8 years, fulfilling the eligibility criteria, were randomized into two groups. Group 1: received 0.4% S. cumini leaf extract mouth wash and Group 2: received 0.2% chlorhexidine mouth wash. Saliva samples of the children were collected before and one hour after mouth rinsing with 10 ml of interventional mouthwash, for S. mutans count analysis. Results: The results of the study showed that there was significant reduction in salivary S. mutans counts in both the groups post mouth rinsing with interventional solutions (p=0.002). However, intergroup comparison reveled that in Chlorhexidine group there was significantly more reduction in Salivary S mutans counts compared to Syzygium cumini mouth rinsing group. (p=0.03) Conclusion: There was reduction in salivary S mutans counts after mouth rinsing with Syzygium cumini leaf extract. Hence, Syzygium cumini leaf extract mouthwash could be an effective aid for prevention and control of dental caries since it is safe, culturally acceptable and feasible.

Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Mouthwash Prepared from Azadirachta indica and Stevia rebaudiana Extract– An In vitro Study

Introduction: Mouth wash are generally utilized as subordinates to oral cleanliness and in the conveyance of dynamic specialists to the teeth and gums. These flushes can impact plaque development and adjust the course of gingival irritation. Azadirachta indica (Neem) was utilized to treat different skin illnesses, as a disinfectant substance and as a natural mouthwash. Stevia rebaudiana can inhibit the growth of microorganisms that are responsible for dental caries. Aim: This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity from Neem and Stevia based Mouthwash. Materials and Methods: Plant extract was prepared and an antimicrobial and cytotoxic effect was done by considering various parameters. The antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles prepared using plant extract was investigated and the results of the test were described as the standard deviation and analyzed. For the cytotoxic activity, an ELISA plate was used, wherein the mortality rate of the nauplii was estimated with the plant extract mediated nanoparticles at different concentrations. Data’s were statistically analyzed by Spearman correlation through SPSS version 23. Results: Anti-microbial activity showed positive correlation with increase in concentration (r=1). The cytotoxic activity showed negative correlation with the number of live nauplii decreased in the second day when compared to the first day suggesting that the extract has potent cytotoxic activity (r=-1). Conclusion: Neem and Stevia extract helped us to detect the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic effect on the various species in different concentration levels. The study needs to be evaluated further for isolating the possible compounds to test the effectiveness of antimicrobial activity in the oral cavity of the human body to prevent various diseases.

Comparative Study on the Efficacy of Commercially Available Chemical and Herbal Mouthwash against Oral Microorganisms

Aim: The present study was done to determine the activity of Naturally prepared licorice mouthwash in comparison to chlorhexidine mouthwash. Introduction: Maintenance of oral hygiene is very important in preventing the growth of a sticky film of bacteria and food particles that accumulates on teeth and hence Mouthwashes are prescribed in dentistry for treatment of several oral conditions and for prevention against various microorganisms. Licorice is derived from "liquiritiae” which is shrub or herb and the yellow colour of it is due to the flavonoids content of the plant, which includes liquiritin, isoliquiritin and other compounds. Herbal Mouthwashes (mouth rinses) are solutions or liquids intended to reduce the microbial load in the oral cavity. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in Saveetha Dental Hospital, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. The liquorice was extracted and formulated as mouth wash. Fig. 1 denotes the salivary samples were obtained from 20 volunteers (10 test group, 10 control group) and then, the participants were asked to rinse their mouth with freshly prepared licorice mouthwash(test group), chlorhexidine mouthwash (control group) and then paired saliva samples were obtained immediately after and before the mouthwash and finally the Colony forming units were recorded for pre and post usage of both the herbal and commercially available mouthwash. Results: Study showed that there was a mean reduction in the colony-forming units with herbal mouthwash and Chlorhexidine mouth washes. Herbal mouthwash showed reduction in colony forming growth after usage of herbal mouthwash.

A Handy and Accessible Tool for Identification of Sn(II) in Toothpaste: Inclination to an Eco-Friendly Environment

An easily accessible colorimetric probe, a carbazole-naphthaldehyde conjugate (CNP), was successfully prepared for the selective and sensitive recognition of Sn(II) in different commercially-available toothpaste and mouth wash samples. The binding mechanism of CNP for Sn2+ was confirmed by UV-Vis, 1H and 13C NMR titrations. The proposed sensing mechanism was supported by quantum chemical calculations. Selective detection of Sn(II) in the nanomolar range (85 nM), among other interfering metal ions, makes it exclusive. Moreover, Sn2+ can be detected with a simple paper strip from toothpaste, which makes this method handy and easy accessible. The potential application of this system for monitoring Sn2+ can be used as an expedient tool in environmental and industrial purpose.

Effectiveness of Aloe Vera Mouthwash in Comparison with Triamcinolone Acetonide 0.1% in Patients with OLP at A TCH

Objective: To compare the efficacy of Aloe Vera Mouthwash versus 0.1% Triamcinolone Acetonide in patients presenting with oral lichen planus at a tertiary care hospital. Introduction: Oral lichen planus is a chronic immune mediated dermatosis with periods of remissions and relapses. There are many treatment options to treat this condition; aloe vera mouth wash is one of the newer and safer options. Methodology: A total of 100 patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) were randomly divided into two groups (group A and B, each having 50 patients).The patients in group A were given aloe vera mouth wash and in group B were given triamcinolone acetonide paste (0.1%). Efficacy was observed after 2 months of treatment completion. Results: Overall Efficacy was noted in 58(58%) of all study cases. In group A 37 patients (74%) showed efficacy and in group B 21 patients (42%) showed efficacy.More efficacy was noted in female patients (87%) treated with Aloe Vera Mouth wash than those of treated with triamcinolone acetate paste (45%). Patients belonging to old age group (36-50 year) showed more efficacy (75%) to aloe vera mouth wash than that of triamcinolone acetonide paste (36%) Conclusion: In our population Aloe vera mouth wash is more efficacious than triamcinolone acetonide (0.1%) in the treatment of oral lichen planus Keywords: Oral lichen planus, Aloe vera, Triamcinolone acetonide

Pharmacological Potentials of Royal Jelly in Dentistry: A Review

“Royal Jelly” is a viscous material which is secreted by the cephalic gland of the “worker bee.” This is the key component of the “queen bee’s” diet, rendering it with longer life span compared to worker bees.“Royal Jelly” possess various pharmacological properties. These includes antioxidant, neurotropic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antibiotic, anti-aging, antihypertensive properties. This article summarizes biological properties, composition, criteria of quality evaluation of “Royal Jelly”and published studies on the efficacy of “Royal Jelly” as a “wound healing agent” , as a component of mouth wash used in treatment of oral mucositis, periodontal diseases, as a storage media and as a pulp capping agent.“Royal Jelly” can emerge as a viable alternative to conventional synthetic agents, which may avoid usual drawbacks of synthetic medicaments.

Durability of different types of Mouthwashes on the Salivary Buffering system in Orthodontic Patients.

The fast elevation of the salivary pH in orthodontic patients has acritical role to safe the teeth and encourage the orthodontic treatment after acidic challenger. As their baseline salivary pH is dropped during fixed orthodontic treatments.Aims: this study was aimed to evaluate the durability of three types of mouthwashes on the salivary buffering capacity in orthodontic patients at 0, 5, 10, 15 mints after acidic challenger using direct pH meter.Material and method: 80 orthodontic patients; age range (13-21years) were distributed into four groups; 20/ each, the salivary pH were recorded using compact pH meter (LAQUAtwin, HORIBA's, Kyoto, Japan) before and after administration of carbonated beverage (100 mm coca cola) and directly after gargling with 100 ml of the tested mouthwashes (herbal, green tea and chlorohexidine mouthwash) beside tap water as placebo control. The pH was documented again at 0, 5, 10 and 15 mins after each mouthwash gargling. One way ANOVA analysis and Duncan multiple were used for salivary pH analysis, p≤0.05.Results: non-significant differences were found at 0, 5, 10, 15 mints in comparison with baseline pH after herbal mouthwash gargling, the same result was shown with chlorohexidine mouth wash but with less defined border. Salivary pH after green tea gargling showed clear oscillatory results after the same tested periods.Conclusions: Herbal mouthwash is the best type to improve salivary pH for longer duration after acidic challenger. While Chlorohexidine mouthwash shows beneficial effects in elevation salivary pH with less duration. Green tea mouthwash fail to control salivary pH for long duration.

Menthol Mouth Rinsing Is More Than Just a Mouth Wash—Swilling of Menthol to Improve Physiological Performance

Interventions that solely act on the central nervous system (CNS) are gaining considerable interest, particularly products consumed through the oral cavity. The oropharyngeal cavity contains a wide array of receptors that respond to sweet, bitter, and cold tastants, all of which have been shown to improve physiological performance. Of late, the ergogenic benefits of carbohydrate (CHO) and caffeine (CAF) mouth rinsings (MRs) have been widely studied; however, less is known about menthol (MEN). That the physiological state and environmental conditions impact the response each product has is increasingly recognized. While the effects of CHO and CAF MRs have been thoroughly studied in both hot and thermoneutral conditions, less is known about MEN as it has only been studied in hot environments. As such, this review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the MEN MR and exercise modality, frequency of the mouth rinse, and mouth rinse duration and compares two different types of study designs: time trials vs. time to exhaustion (TTE).

Effect of Chlorhexidine Containing Fluoride on Dental Plaque, Gingivitis, and Tooth Discoloration: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: The combination of chlorhexidine (CHX) and fluoride is believed to enhance the effects of both constituent elements, and reduce their possible side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of CHX containing sodium fluoride on dental plaque, gingival inflammation, and tooth discoloration. Methods: In this double-blind clinical study, 40 patients were selected and randomly divided into two groups. One group was given CHX 0.12%, and the other one was provided with sodium fluoride 0.05%-CHX 0.12% mouthwashes. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and discoloration index (DI) were measured at the beginning of the study and then after two weeks. Data were analyzed using chi-squared and independent t test. Results: PI and GI were significantly reduced in the group with CHX + sodium fluoride compared to the one with CHX (P<0.001); however, the difference between two groups in terms of DI was not statistically significant (P =0.08). Both groups showed complications, but their differences were not statistically significant (P=0.5). Conclusions: Mouth wash containing CHX + sodium fluoride was more effective in dental plaque control and gingival inflammation than the one only including CHX, although complications were not statistically significant between the two groups.

Comparative Clinical Effects of Salvadora Persica Oral Rinse and A Phenolic Commercial Mouth Wash on Human Oral Health; An Invivo Randomized Trial

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effects of Salvadora persica oral rinse and commercial Phenolic mouth wash on oral health status of socially deprived madrasa girls after six months of a triple blind randomized clinical trial. METHODOLOGY: Girls aged 18-22 years living permanently in a madrasa of Multan city were recruited. After determining the sample size and trial duration participants were randomized into group A and Group B and were provided with freshly Salvadora persica oral rinse and commercial Phenolic mouth washes respectively. Pre, mid and post-interventional examinations were executed by a single, blind and calibrated examiner using Turesky Quigley Hein Plaque and Loe and Silness Gingival indices. Statistical analysis was carried out by descriptive statistics, two sample independent t-tests and ANOVA. The p-value of <0.05 was considered significant at 95 % confidence level and 80% power. RESULTS: Sixty subjects were enrolled for the present trial. The mean age of the participants was found out to be 21.5±0.76 years. No statistically significant difference was identified between the mean Plaque and Gingival scores of the two interventional groups at any of the examination phase. CONCLUSION: Salvadora persica oral rinse is suggested to be equally effective as the commercial Phenolic mouth wash for the control of plaque deposition and prevention of gingival inflammation. KEYWORDS: Dental plaque, Gingivitis, Miswak, Mouthwash