scholarly journals Accentuating the Role of Nitrogen to Phosphorus Ratio on the Growth and Yield of Wheat Crop

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2253
Author(s):  
Maria Mussarat ◽  
Muhammad Shair ◽  
Dost Muhammad ◽  
Ishaq Ahmad Mian ◽  
Shadman Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
The Impact

Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a major yield limiting factor across the globe and their proper management plays a vital role in optimizing crop yield. This field experiment was conducted to assess the impact of soil and plant nitrogen N and P ratio on the growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in alkaline calcareous soil. The study consisted of various levels of nitrogen (0, 40, 80, and 160 kg ha−1 as urea) and phosphorus (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg P2O5 ha−1 as diammonium phosphate), and was carried out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with factorial arrangement having three replications. The result showed that the addition of 160 kg N ha−1 significantly improved biological yield (10,052 kg ha−1), grain weight (3120 kg ha−1), chlorophyll content at tillering stage soil plant analysis development (SPAD) value (35.38), N uptake in straw (33.42 kg ha−1), and K uptake in straw (192 kg ha−1) compared to other N levels. In case of P, 90 kg P2O5 ha−1 had resulted maximum biological yield (9852 kg ha−1), grain yield (3663 kg ha−1), chlorophyll content at tillering stage (SPAD value 34.36), P (6.68 mg kg−1) and K (171 kg ha−1) uptake in straw. The sole use of N and P have positively influenced the biological and grain yield but their interaction didn’t response to biological yield. The present study reveals that SPAD value (chlorophyll meter) is the better choice for determining plant N and P concentrations to estimate the yield potential.

Nitrogen rate and timing effects on growth and yield of drill-sown rice

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Dunn ◽  
T. S. Dunn ◽  
B. A. Orchard
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The Impact

Eight rice experiments were established at two sites in the Riverina district of south-eastern Australia in the 2012–13 and 2013–14 seasons. Two semi-dwarf rice varieties were drill-sown and nitrogen (N) fertiliser (urea) was applied at different rates at the 4-leaf stage before permanent water (pre-PW) and at panicle initiation (PI). The research assessed the impact of timing of N application on grain yield, compared the apparent N recovery of N fertiliser applied at the two stages, and determined an application strategy for N to obtain consistently high grain yields for current, semi-dwarf rice varieties when drill-sown. The apparent N recoveries achieved were 59% for N applied pre-PW and 25% for N applied at PI, averaged across years, sites, varieties and N rates. Grain yield increased significantly with increased rate of N applied at both stages, but the rate of increase from N applied at PI decreased as the rate of N applied pre-PW increased. The grain yield increase for N applied pre-PW was due to increased number of panicles at maturity and increased number of florets per panicle. Nitrogen applied at PI increased dry matter at maturity and number of florets per panicle. Application of N at PI increased grain yield over that when no N was applied; however, at low PI N-uptake levels, application of N at PI is not enough to achieve high grain yields. Therefore, sufficient N should be available to the crop from a combination of soil- and pre-PW-applied N for the crop to reach a level of N uptake at PI whereby high yields can be achieved. Nitrogen applied at PI did not appear to increase the potential for cold-induced floret sterility as much as pre-PW-applied N. Further research is required to confirm this in other seasons and for other rice varieties.

scholarly journals Impact of foliar application of nano micronutrient fertilizers and titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the growth and yield components of barley under supplemental irrigation

2016 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen JANMOHAMMADI ◽  
Tahereh AMANZADEH ◽  
Naser SABAGHNIA ◽  
Shahryar DASHTI
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nano Scale ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Semi Arid

Nano-fertilizers are new generation of the synthetic<em> </em>fertilizers which contain readily available nutrients in nano scale range. Nano fertilizers are preferred largely due to their efficiency and environment friendly nature compared to conventional<em> </em>chemical<em> </em>fertilizers. To evaluate the effects of foliar spray<em> </em>of micronutrient nano-fertilizer (iron and zinc) and nano-titanium dioxide (nTiO<sub>2</sub>) solution on grain yield and its components in barley under supplemental<em> </em>irrigation conditions, a field experiment was carried out in the semi-arid highland region of Maragheh, Iran. Barley plants were separately treated with of chelated nano-scale zinc oxide (ZnO) and ferric oxide (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) suspensions during tillering stage, booting and milky stages. Results revealed that days to<em> </em>anthesis and maturity significantly increased after application of both nano-fertilizers. Furthermore<em>,</em> a considerable improvement was observed in grain mass, spike length, number of the grains per spike, chlorophyll content, grain yield and harvest index by application of nano-fertilizer. However the impact of nano zinc fertilizer was more prominent than iron. Foliar application of nTiO<sub>2</sub> positively affected some morphophysiological characteristics like as days to<em> </em>anthesis, chlorophyll content and straw yield. The results suggest that the delivery of Zn into barley seedling through spray of nano-fertilizer can be an efficient nutrient management strategy in semi-arid regions. Overall, our result indicated that the integration of nanotechnology in fertilizer products can improve fertilizer use efficiency and significantly increase of barley yield. However, plant response to nanoparticles significantly depend on concentration and time of application as well as size, shape, and surface functionalization of the particles.

scholarly journals Potential soil moisture deficit: A useful approach to save water with enhanced growth and productivity of wheat crop

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahbaz Khan ◽  
Atif Rasool ◽  
Sohail Irshad ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Hafeez ◽  
Madad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Soil Moisture Deficit ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Wheat is the main crop in the world ranks after rice and the largest grain source of Pakistan. Among several reasons for diminishing wheat yield in Pakistan, water stress throughout the growing season decreases crop production because of the short life span. Two years (2015–16 and 2016–17) field experiments were conducted to assess the impact of various water regimes (full irrigation, irrigation at 45, 60, and 75 mm potential soil moisture deficit (PSMD)) on the growth and yield of wheat. Maximum crop growth rate was recorded by application of irrigation at 45 mm PSMD. Application of irrigation at 45 mm PSMD ensured maximum radiation use efficiency regarding total dry matter production and grain yield. The maximum number of productive tillers, spike length, and grain yield were recorded under 45 mm PSDM treatment. The present results show that the effect of water is more pronounced regarding the growth and productivity of wheat. Application of irrigation at 45 mm PSMD ensures higher economical yield.

Flood irrigation of wheat on a transitional red-brown earth. I. Effect of duration of ponding on soil water, plant growth, yield and N uptake

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
FM Melhuish ◽  
E Humphreys ◽  
WA Muirhead ◽  
RJG White
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Total N

Long periods of waterlogging during irrigation are thought to adversely affect wheat growth and yield. This work quantifies these effects for wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Bindawarra) growing on a transitional red-brown earth. The crop was irrigated on four occasions during spring. At each irrigation six ponding treatments were imposed involving sprinkler irrigation (SP) or flooding for 1, 12, 24, 48 or 96 h. Each plot always received the same treatment. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at sowing (23 kg N ha-1 as ammonium phosphates) and at the end of tillering, 3 weeks before the first irrigation (100 kg N ha-1 as urea). There was also a 1 h ponding treatment which did not receive urea at the end of tillering. Grain yield on the 48 h and 96 h ponding treatments was significantly lower than on SP, 1 h and 12 h. Yield declined by 69 kg ha-1 for each day that water was ponded on the surface, or by 55 kg ha-1 for each day that the estimated soil water depletion was below 25 mm. The wheat crop suffered stress due to lack of aeration for periods varying from 42% (1 h and SP) to 68% (96 h) of the time interval between early stem elongation and physiological maturity. The grain yield and N uptake data indicate that the site was highly responsive to N fertilizer. However, there was no significant effect of ponding treatment on total N uptake, suggesting that the yield differences between the ponding treatments were not caused by differences in N availability. The results demonstrate that yield loss through waterlogging can be minimized by changing to irrigation management practices that minimise the period of ponding.

Spectral models for estimation of chlorophyll content, growth and yield of wheat crop

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahender Singh ◽  
Ram Niwas ◽  
M. L. Khichar ◽  
Manoj K. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Spectral Models

scholarly journals Comparative study of different organic mulches for increased wheat productivity district Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Raza ◽  
Muhammad Nawaz ◽  
Muhammad U. Chattha ◽  
Imran Khan ◽  
Muhammad B. Chattha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Sorghum Straw

Weeds are major threat to global wheat production and cause serious threat to food security. Likewise, water scarcity is also a major threat to food production and its intensity is continuously soaring up across the globe. Organic mulches have potential to reduce weeds growth and conserve the soil moisture thus ensures the better crop growth and yield. Therefore, present study was conducted to compare the performance of different organic mulches in improving wheat growth and productivity. The study was comprised of different organic mulches; M1= No mulch (control) M2= maize straw mulch, M3= wheat straw mulch, M4= sorghum straw mulch and M5= rice straw mulch and three nitrogen levels N1 = 90 kg, N2 = 120 kg and N3= 150 kg/ha. The results indicated that both organic mulches and N rates had significant impact on growth, and yield traits. The maximum leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), productive tillers (307 m-2), grains/spike (46.22), 1000 grain weight (42.33 g) biological yield (13.76 t/ha) and grain yield 4.75 t/ha was obtained with sorghum straw mulch and minimum productive tillers (255.33 m-2), grains/spike (36.22), biological yield (11.46 t/ha) and grain yield (3.59 t/ha) was recorded in no mulch (control). Among nitrogen levels maximum productive tillers (290.6 m-2), grains/spike (42.80), 1000 grain weight (40.65 g), biological yield (13.44 t/ha) and grain yield (4.32 t/ha) was obtained with 150 kg/ha N and minimum productive tillers (274 m-2), grains/spike (38.13), 1000 grain weight (36.94 g) biological yield (11.98 t/ha) and grain yield (3.90 t/ha) was obtained with 90 N kg/ha. Thus, farmers can use sorghum straw mulch and N (150 kg ha-1) to improve the wheat productivity. However, farmers must be educated by government institute and adoptive research farms in order to understand and adaption of this approach.

scholarly journals Nutrients Assimilation and Chlorophyll Contents for Different Grapevine Varieties in Calcareous Soils in the Somontano DO (Spain)

Beverages ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Casanova-Gascón ◽  
Pablo Martín-Ramos ◽  
Clara Martí-Dalmau ◽  
David Badía-Villas
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
The Impact

Lime-induced chlorosis (LIC) is an important abiotic constraint affecting the growth and yield of grapevines growing in calcareous soils in the Mediterranean region, and the sensory properties of the produced wine. In the work presented herein, the impact of LIC on the nutritional status and chlorophyll content was assessed for eleven varieties and a clone (Merlot, Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon, Tempranillo, Parraleta, Moristel, Aglianico, Macabeo, Sauvignon, Chardonnay, and Riesling), grafted to the same rootstock (1103 Paulsen). Macro- and micronutrient contents were determined in the fruit set and veraison stages by petiole analyses, while chlorophyll content in young leaves was monitored by SPAD. Significant differences were detected amongst varieties for all nutrients (including Fe), and inverse relationships between Fe and P contents in the petiole and chlorophyll concentration in the young leaves were found. Regarding LIC resistance, the Fe and chlorophyll contents suggest that Cabernet Sauvignon, Tempranillo and Aglianico varieties would show the best performance, while Sauvignon would be the least tolerant.

Grain yield, dry matter remobilization and chlorophyll content in maize (Zea mays L.) as influenced by nitrogen and water deficit

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-356
Author(s):  
Mahta Haghjoo ◽  
Abdollah Bahrani
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biological Yield

Out of 20, 40, 60 and 80 per cent moisture depletion 20% showed significantly higher grain yields, biological yield, chlorophyll a, b than the others. However, the highest contribution of stem and leaf dry matter remobilization in grain yield were obtained in 80% moisture depletion and 300 kg N/ha and the lowest one was found in the 20% moisture depletion and 150 kg N/ha. Nitrogen application increased all traits, however there were no significant difference between 250 and 300 kg N/ha.

Grain nitrogen concentration differences among three sorghum hybrids with similar grain yield

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kamoshita ◽  
M. Cooper ◽  
R. C. Muchow ◽  
S. Fukai
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
N Availability ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Grain Nitrogen

The differences in grain nitrogen (N) concentration among 3 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) hybrids with similar grain yield were examined under N-limiting conditions in relation to the availability of assimilate and N to grain. Several manipulation treatments [N fertiliser application, lower leaves shading, thinning (reduced plant population), whole canopy shading, canopy opening, spikelet removal] were imposed to alter the relative N and assimilate availability to grain under full irrigation supply. Grain N concentration increased by either increased grain N availability or yield reduction while maintaining N uptake. Grain N concentration, however, did not decrease in the treatments where relative abundance of N compared with assimilate was intended to be reduced. The minimum levels of grain N concentration differed from 0.95% (ATx623/RTx430) to 1.14% (DK55plus) in these treatments. Regardless of the extent of variation in assimilate and N supply to grain, the ranking of hybrids on grain N concentration was consistent across the manipulation treatments. For the 3 hybrids examined, higher grain N concentration was associated with higher N uptake during grain filling and, to a lesser extent, with higher N mobilisation. Hybrids with larger grain N accumulation had a larger number of grains. There was no tradeoff between grain N concentration and yield, suggesting that grain protein concentration can be improved without sacrificing yield potential.

scholarly journals Effects of composition, age and sterilization techniques of mother culture on the growth and yield of Volvariella volvacea (Bull.) Singer

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-393
Author(s):  
Nuhu Alam ◽  
Shailendra Mohon Singha
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Volvariella Volvacea ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
The Impact

The research work was carried out to investigate the efficacy of different mother culture media viz., rice straw (T-1), rice straw and rice bran (T-2), rice husk (T-3), rice grain (T-4), maize grain (T-5), and rice straw and wheat bran (T-6) and the impact of age of mother culture and substrate sterilization techniques viz., sun dried for 8 hrs covering with transparent polythene (A-1), black polythene (A-2), blue polythene (A-3) sheet, autoclave for two hrs at 121°C (A-4), and hot water for one hr (A-5) for the commercial cultivation of Volvariella volvacea (Bull.) Singer. The maximum mycelium run rate and minimum days required for completing the mother culture were recorded in T-4. The lowest days required for primordial initiation (DRFPI) was 6 in T-1 and T-2, whereas highest DRFPI was recorded in T-3. The maximum (13.33) days required for first harvest (DRFFH) and lowest (109) number of effective fruiting bodies (NEFB) were recorded in T-3. The minimum (10.67 days) DRFFH was found in T-2 and maximum (239.30) NEFB was recorded in T-1. The lowest length and diameter (LFB and DFB) were recorded in T-5 (3.03 cm) and T-1 (1.66 cm), while highest LFB and DFB were observed in T-3 (3.20 and 2.39 cm). Maximum biological yield and efficiency were observed in rice straw and wheat bran materials. The highest NEFB, DFB, biological yield and efficiency were recorded in 30 days old of mother culture. The results revealed that combined rice straw and wheat bran were the excellent mother culture medium and 30 days old was the best age for the commercial production of paddy straw mushroom. Considering the experimental results on the sterilization techniques it may be suggested that hot water sterilization of rice straw substrate was the best sterilization technique for the commercial production and yield improvement of V. volvacea.

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