scholarly journals Wood and Black Liquor-Based N-Doped Activated Carbon for Energy Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9237
Author(s):  
Ance Plavniece ◽  
Aleksandrs Volperts ◽  
Galina Dobele ◽  
Aivars Zhurinsh ◽  
Kätlin Kaare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Nitrogen Doped Carbon ◽  
Oxygen Reduction Catalyst

Fuel cells, batteries and supercapacitors are critical to meet the rising global demand for clean, sustainable energy. Biomass-derived activated carbon can be obtained with tailored properties to fulfil the extensive need for low-cost, high-performance, catalyst and electrode materials. To investigate the possibility of nanoporous nitrogen-doped carbon materials as catalysts in fuel cells and electrodes in lithium-ion batteries, biomass precursors were thermochemically activated with NaOH at 800 °C, nitrogen was introduced using dicyandiamide and doping was performed at 800 °C. The chemical composition, porous structure, texture and electrochemical properties of the obtained materials change depending on the biomass precursor used. It has been found that the most promising precursor of the obtained materials is wood char, both as an oxygen reduction catalyst in fuel cells, which shows better properties than the commercial 20% Pt/C catalyst, and as an anode material in Li-ion batteries. However, catalysts based on black liquor and hybrid material have comparable properties with commercial 20% Pt/C catalyst and can be considered as a cheaper alternative.

Highly nitrogen-doped carbon capsules: scalable preparation and high-performance applications in fuel cells and lithium ion batteries

Nanoscale ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuangang Hu ◽  
Ying Xiao ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Nan Chen ◽  
Zhipan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Nitrogen Doped Carbon

Porous Activity of Biomass-Activated Carbon Enhanced by Nitrogen-Dopant Towards High-Performance Lithium Ion Hybrid Battery-Supercapacitor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Yu ◽  
Xuyang Wang ◽  
Jiaxin Peng ◽  
Xuefeng Jia ◽  
Linbo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Storage Devices

Abstract Biomass-activated carbon materials are promising electrode materials for lithium-ion hybrid capacitors (LiCs) because of their natural hierarchical pore structure. The efficient utilization of structural pores in activated carbon is very important for their electrochemical performance. Herein, porous biomass-activated carbon (PAC) with large specific surface area was prepared using a one-step activation method with biomass waste as the carbon source and ZnCl2 as the activator. To further improve its pore structure utilization efficiency, the PAC was doped with nitrogen using urea as the nitrogen source. The experimental results confirmed that PAC-1 with a high nitrogen doping level of 4.66% exhibited the most efficient pore utilization among all the samples investigated in this study. PAC-1 exhibited 92% capacity retention after 8000 cycles, showing good cycling stability. Then, to maximize the utilization of high-efficiency energy storage devices, LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA), a promising cathode material for lithium-ion batteries with high specific capacity, was compounded with PAC-1 in different ratios to obtain NCA@PC composites. The NCA@PC-9 composite exhibited excellent capacitance in LiCs and an energy density of 210.9 Wh kg-1 at a high power density of 13.3 kW kg-1. These results provide guidelines for the design of high-performance and low-cost energy storage devices.

scholarly journals A Thin Layer of Activated Carbon Deposited on Polyurethane Cube Leads to New Conductive Bioanode for (Plant) Microbial Fuel Cell

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 574
Author(s):  
Emilius Sudirjo ◽  
Paola Y. Constantino Diaz ◽  
Matteo Cociancich ◽  
Rens Lisman ◽  
Christian Snik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Electrochemically Active

Large-scale implementation of (plant) microbial fuel cells is greatly limited by high electrode costs. In this work, the potential of exploiting electrochemically active self-assembled biofilms in fabricating three-dimensional bioelectrodes for (plant) microbial fuel cells with minimum use of electrode materials was studied. Three-dimensional robust bioanodes were successfully developed with inexpensive polyurethane foams (PU) and activated carbon (AC). The PU/AC electrode bases were fabricated via a water-based sorption of AC particles on the surface of the PU cubes. The electrical current was enhanced by growth of bacteria on the PU/AC bioanode while sole current collectors produced minor current. Growth and electrochemical activity of the biofilm were shown with SEM imaging and DNA sequencing of the microbial community. The electric conductivity of the PU/AC electrode enhanced over time during bioanode development. The maximum current and power density of an acetate fed MFC reached 3 mA·m−2 projected surface area of anode compartment and 22 mW·m−3 anode compartment. The field test of the Plant-MFC reached a maximum performance of 0.9 mW·m−2 plant growth area (PGA) at a current density of 5.6 mA·m−2 PGA. A paddy field test showed that the PU/AC electrode was suitable as an anode material in combination with a graphite felt cathode. Finally, this study offers insights on the role of electrochemically active biofilms as natural enhancers of the conductivity of electrodes and as transformers of inert low-cost electrode materials into living electron acceptors.

scholarly journals Low-Cost High-Performance SnO2–Cu Electrodes for Use in Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Hany S. Abdo ◽  
Amit Sarkar ◽  
Madhu Gupta ◽  
Suvadra Sahoo ◽  
Jabair A. Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Tin Dioxide ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
High Current ◽  
Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells ◽  
Cu Foil ◽  
Surface Morphologies

The high cost of Pt-based electrode materials limits the commercialization of fuel cells and their subsequent application in renewable energy production. It is thus necessary to develop economical, high-performance electrodes alongside biofuels to reduce the pollution associated with the production of energy. Tin dioxide–copper foil (SnO2–Cu) electrode materials are herein developed using an electrodeposition process. Cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and potentiodynamic polarization methods are used to electrochemically characterize the electrode materials, with the results revealing that their excellent catalytic properties result in them delivering a high current. The surface morphologies of the developed electrodes are examined using scanning electron microscopy, with the results showing that upon an increase in the deposition time, a finer deposit of SnO2 is formed on the surface of the Cu foil. Consequently, electrochemical oxidation using an enhanced surface area of the material leads to it exhibiting a high current and excellent corrosion resistance. Powder X-ray diffraction was used to confirm the successful depositing of SnO2 on the surface of Cu. The fuel cell fabricated using the SnO2–Cu electrode is promising for use in clean energy generation, as it can be prepared at low cost compared to conventionally used electrodes.

V2O3 nanofoam@activated carbon composites as electrode materials of supercapacitors

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (06) ◽  
pp. 1750077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Zhang ◽  
Zhonglin Bu ◽  
Rui Xu ◽  
Bing Xie ◽  
Hong-Yi Li
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Mesoporous Structure ◽  
Carbon Composites ◽  
Supercapacitor Application ◽  
Ion Intercalation

Electrode materials with high performance and low cost are demanding in supercapacitor applications. Novel V2O3 nanofoam@activated carbon composites have been prepared simply and cost-efficiently. Due to the mesoporous structure and high specific surface of V2O3 nanofoam and the good electric conductivity of activated carbon, the obtained composites exhibit an obviously improved specific capacitance as high as 185[Formula: see text]F/g, which overpasses bulk V2O3 (119[Formula: see text]F/g) and activated carbon (113[Formula: see text]F/g). The rate capability of V2O3 nanofoam@activated carbon composites has also been improved, owing to the increased electron transport accelerated by the activated carbon and the fast electrolyte ion intercalation/deintercalation facilitated by mesopores of V2O3 nanofoam. The composites retain 56% of initial specific capacitance when the current density increases from 0.05[Formula: see text]A/g to 1.0[Formula: see text]A/g. Therefore, the obtained V2O3 nanofoam@activated carbon composites are low-cost electrode materials with obviously improved electrochemical performance, which are idea for supercapacitor application.

scholarly journals Na0.76V6O15/Activated Carbon Hybrid Cathode for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Capacitors

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Renwei Lu ◽  
Xiaolong Ren ◽  
Chong Wang ◽  
Changzhen Zhan ◽  
Ding Nan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cycling Stability ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Artificial Graphite

Lithium-ion hybrid capacitors (LICs) are regarded as one of the most promising next generation energy storage devices. Commercial activated carbon materials with low cost and excellent cycling stability are widely used as cathode materials for LICs, however, their low energy density remains a significant challenge for the practical applications of LICs. Herein, Na0.76V6O15 nanobelts (NaVO) were prepared and combined with commercial activated carbon YP50D to form hybrid cathode materials. Credit to the synergism of its capacitive effect and diffusion-controlled faradaic effect, NaVO/C hybrid cathode displays both superior cyclability and enhanced capacity. LICs were assembled with the as-prepared NaVO/C hybrid cathode and artificial graphite anode which was pre-lithiated. Furthermore, 10-NaVO/C//AG LIC delivers a high energy density of 118.9 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 220.6 W kg−1 and retains 43.7 Wh kg−1 even at a high power density of 21,793.0 W kg−1. The LIC can also maintain long-term cycling stability with capacitance retention of approximately 70% after 5000 cycles at 1 A g−1. Accordingly, hybrid cathodes composed of commercial activated carbon and a small amount of high energy battery-type materials are expected to be a candidate for low-cost advanced LICs with both high energy density and power density.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Structure and Diffusion Pathways of Fast Lithium-Ion Conductors in the Polymorphs α- and β-Li8SnP4

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F Fässler ◽  
Stefan Strangmüller ◽  
Henrik Eickkhoff ◽  
Wilhelm Klein ◽  
Gabriele Raudaschl-Sieber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Conducting Materials ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Battery Technology ◽  
Lithium Ion Conductors ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Ion Conductors

The increasing demand for a high-performance and low-cost battery technology promotes the search for Li+-conducting materials. Recently, phosphidotetrelates and aluminates were introduced as an innovative class of phosphide-based Li+-conducting materials...

scholarly journals Synthesis of catalysts with fine platinum particles supported by high-surface-area activated carbons and optimization of their catalytic activities for polymer electrolyte fuel cells

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (33) ◽  
pp. 20601-20611
Author(s):  
Md. Mijanur Rahman ◽  
Kenta Inaba ◽  
Garavdorj Batnyagt ◽  
Masato Saikawa ◽  
Yoshiki Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells ◽  
Supported Platinum ◽  
Platinum Particles

Herein, we demonstrated that carbon-supported platinum (Pt/C) is a low-cost and high-performance electrocatalyst for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs).

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