scholarly journals Evolution of Overall Cotton Production and Its Determinants: Implications for Developing Countries Using Pakistan Case

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 840
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umer Arshad ◽  
Yuanfeng Zhao ◽  
Omer Hanif ◽  
Faiza Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Multiple Factors

Managing the declining yield of non-food crops has opened new strategic challenges amidst global uncertainties. The COVID-19 scenario has increased awareness of natural lifestyle and eco-friendly products, largely dependent on non-food crop material. This strategic shift requires moving beyond traditional farm practices to improve agricultural production efficiency, and developing countries in particular have shown a consistent loss in their self-sufficiency of industrial crops despite being major exporters of non-food crop materials. However, existing studies analyze production efficiencies of non-food crops from general or theoretical aspects often by virtual estimates from breaking down the multiple factors of crop productivity. This study examined multiple factors of crop production to identify “which crop inputs have been inefficiently used overtime” by tracking efficiency changes and various input issues in overall cotton production from practical aspects, i.e., scaling non-constant returns of those multiple factors would allow for the violation of various situations. Accordingly, a stochastic frontier approach was employed to measure the production frontier and efficiency relationship using time-series data of Pakistan’s cotton production from 1971–2018—a specific non-food crop perspective from a top-ranked cotton-producing country that has recently been shifted towards being a non-exporter of cotton due to low yield. The coefficient of area, seed, and labor indicates the positive relationship with cotton production, while fertilizer, irrigation, electricity, and machinery are statistically negative. This implies that policymakers need priority-based strategies for the judicial use of synthetic fertilizers, irrigation, a subsidy policy, and technology adoption, which could significantly improve the efficiencies of cotton productivity from the same land resources. Being adaptable to other developing economies, the analysis would strategically facilitate designing and developing affordable technology-driven solutions and their customized extensions towards sustainable non-food crop production practices and Agri-Resources efficiencies.

scholarly journals Kluster Tanaman Pangan Unggulan di Provinsi Jawa Tengah

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
Choiroel Woestho ◽  
Milda Handayani ◽  
Adi Wibowo Noor Fikri
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Central Java Province

The food crop sector has an important role for regions in Indonesia. Food plants can be a determinant for an area in meeting the needs of the people in that area. In addition, the food crop sector, if developed, can become revenue for the region. This study aims to analyze the leading food plants in 35 districts / cities in Central Java Province. By using the location quotient (LQ) method and the Regional Specialization Index. The data used is time series data from 2014 to 2019 in 35 districts / cities in Central Java Province for food crops based on land area and production. The results obtained for the average LQ value of food crops based on land area, there are only 12 districts / cities which are the basis for superior food crops with Wonogiri Regency at the top. Meanwhile, based on the average LQ value based on production, only 11 districts / cities are the basis for superior food crops with Semarang Regency being the top. For the specialization index based on both land area and production, there is no Regency / City that specializes in Central Java Province.   Keywords: Foodcrop Sector, Location Quotient, Specialization Index, Central Java   Abstrak   Sektor tanaman pangan mempunyai peranan penting bagi daerah di Indonesia. Tanaman pangan dapat menjadi penentu bagi suatu daerah dalam memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat yang ada di daerah tersebut. Selain itu, sektor tanaman pangan jika dikembangkan dapat menjadi pendapatan bagi daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tanaman pangan unggulan yang ada di 35 Kabupaten/Kota pada Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Dengan menggunakan metode location quotient (LQ) dan Indeks Spesialisasi Regional. Data yang digunakan adalah data time series selama tahun 2014 hingga tahun 2019 pada 35 Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Jawa Tengah untuk tanaman pangan berdasarkan luas lahan dan produksi. Hasil yang diperoleh untuk nilai rata – rata LQ tanaman pangan berdasarkan luas lahan, hanya terdapat 12 Kabupaten/Kota yang menjadi basis bagi tanaman pangan unggulan dengan Kabupaten Wonogiri berada di urutan teratas. Sementara berdasarkan nilai rata – rata LQ berdasarkan produksi, hanya 11 Kabupaten/Kota yang menjadi basis tanaman pangan unggulan dengan Kabupaten Semarang menjadi urutan teratas. Untuk indeks spesialisasi baik berdasarkan luas lahan dan produksi, tidak ada Kabupaten/Kota yang mempunyai spesialisasi terhadap Provinsi Jawa Tengah.   Kata kunci: Tanaman Pangan, Indeks Lokalisasi, Indeks Spesialisasi, Jawa Tengah

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Determinants of Remittances: Evidence from Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Temitope Laniran ◽  
◽  
Daniel Adeniyi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
High Level

International remittances have grown to become an integral source of finance for development. Existing literature posits that there is an association between remittances and growth in developing countries. Economic growth models highlight the importance of capital accumulation and high level financial flows, the inadequacy of which characterizes developing countries and often explains their fate. It is argued that remittances will provide a panacea to the serious poverty experienced in such developing economies by increasing financial flows and household income, which in turn stimulates consumption, savings, economic growth and ultimately development. The robustness of this relationship is, however, often questioned. Indeed, the propensity of remittances to achieve these aspirations very much hinges on the determining factors motivating the remitters and the magnitude of the remittances. Hence, given the significant flows of remittances to the developing countries, this study attempts an analysis of the determinants of remittances to Nigeria. Key macroeconomic variables with theoretical potentials of influencing the level of remittances received were subjected to econometric model testing using time series data from 1980 to 2013. The results indicate that the level of remittances received is more a function of portfolio motives than other macroeconomic factors.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Interest Rate and Exchange Rate Volatilities on the Demand for Money in Developing Economies

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Felix S. Nyumuah
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Series Data ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Demand Functions ◽  
The Interest Rate

Volatilities in the interest rate and the exchange rate cause instability in money demand functions. This study investigates the effect of interest and exchange rates volatilities on money demand in developing countries using time series data of four African countries namely, Equatorial Guinea, Gambia, Nigeria and Uganda. The model used is a conventional log linear money demand function, with money demand specified as a function of income, interest rate, inflation rate, exchange rate, interest rate volatility and exchange rate volatility. The results show that on the whole the interest rate and exchange rate volatilities do not have significant effects on money demand in developing countries. However, the money demand functions of these economies prove unstable. These findings imply that the monetary authorities should resort to inflation targeting monetary policy and employ the interest rate as the policy instrument.

scholarly journals A Test of the McKinnon’s Complementarity Hypothesis between Money and Physical Capital in the Case of Kyrgyzstan

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harun Doğan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Financial Liberalization ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Real Rate ◽  
Complementarity Hypothesis

The main purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the validity of McKinnon’s complementarity hypothesis on economic growth of Kyrgyzstan for the period of 1996–2009. McKinnon’s (1973) central thesis argues poorly functioning financial systems in developing countries may effect investment quality and growth rate of the economy in negative direction. McKinnon’s (1973) complementary hypothesis predicts that money and investment are complementary, to the contrast neoclassical and Keynesian theory, due to a self-financed investment in developing economies. In other words, according to McKinnon, financial liberalization should generate positive impacts on growth as consequence of positive relation between money and physical capital in developing countries after financial liberalization. The empirical researches conducted on complementarity hypothesis have found mixed results on the link between money and physical capital. However, empirical analysis of Kyrgyzstan’s economy is very important because of its peculiarities, it has both a trancition and developing economy, which in case of the McKinnon’s complementarity hypothesis is very essential. Thus, Kyrgyzstan, as many developing countries, have undertaken financial liberalization programs during the past twenty years after collapse of Soviet Union. Therefore, the study analyzes long run and short run association among the real rate of interest on deposits, private investments, economic growth, and domestic savings behavior in Kyrgyzstan, using annual time series data for 1996-2009 with techniques of ARDL Cointegration Error Correction Model. The results does not support the McKinnon’s complementarity hypothesis between money and physical capital on the period for 1996-2009 in the Kyrgyzstan’s Economy.

A Macroeconomic Analysis of Agricultural Sector in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Isah Funtua Abubakar ◽  
Umar Bambale Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
The Impact

This paper attempts to study the Nigerian agriculture industry as a panacea to growth as well as an anchor to the diversification agenda of the present government. To do this, the time series data of the four agriculture subsectors of crop production, livestock, forestry and fishery were analysed as stimulus to the Real GDP from 1981-2016 in order to explicate the individual contributions of the subsectors to the RGDP in order to guide the policy thrust on diversification. Using the Johansen approach to cointegration, all the variables were found to be cointegrated. With the exception of the forestry subsector, all the three subsectors were seen to have impacted on the real GDP at varying degrees during the time under review. The crop production subsector has the highest impact, however, taking size-by-size analysis, the livestock subsector could be of much importance due to its ability to retain its value chain and high investment returns particularly in poultry. Therefore, it is recommended that, the government should intensify efforts to retain the value chain in the crop production subsector, in order to harness its potentials optimally through the encouragement of the establishment of agriculture cottage industries. Secondly, the livestock subsector is found to be the most rapidly growing and commercialized subsector. Therefore, it should be the prime subsector to hinge the diversification agenda naturally. Lastly, the tourism industry which is a source through which the impact of the subsector is channeled to the GDP should be developed, in order to improve the impact of such channel to GDP with the sole objective to resuscitate the forestry subsector.

scholarly journals An External Agribusiness Risk Analysis Using KBDI: A Case of Veldfires in the Northern Territory of Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Toyi Maniki Diphagwe ◽  
Bernard Moeketsi Hlalele ◽  
Dibuseng Priscilla Mpakathi
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Return Level ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
P Value

The 2019/20 Australian bushfires burned over 46 million acres of land, killed 34 people and left 3500 individuals homeless. Majority of deaths and buildings destroyed were in New South Wales, while the Northern Territory accounted for approximately 1/3 of the burned area. Many of the buildings that were lost were farm buildings, adding to the challenge of agricultural recovery that is already complex because of ash-covered farmland accompanied by historic levels of drought. The current research therefore aimed at characterising veldfire risk in the study area using Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI). A 39-year-long time series data was obtained from an online NASA database. Both homogeneity and stationarity tests were deployed using a non-parametric Pettitt’s and Dicky-Fuller tests respectively for data quality checks. Major results revealed a non-significant two-tailed Mann Kendall trend test with a p-value = 0.789 > 0.05 significance level. A suitable probability distribution was fitted to the annual KBDI time series where both Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Chi-square tests revealed Gamma (1) as a suitably fitted probability distribution. Return level computation from the Gamma (1) distribution using XLSTAT computer software resulted in a cumulative 40-year return period of moderate to high fire risk potential. With this low probability and 40-year-long return level, the study found the area less prone to fire risks detrimental to animal and crop production. More agribusiness investments can safely be executed in the Northern Territory without high risk aversion.

scholarly journals Financial innovation and economic growth: evidence from Zimbabwe

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Bara ◽  
Calvin Mudzingiri
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Financial Time Series ◽  
Financial Innovation ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Causality Tests

The role of financial innovation on economic growth in developing countries has not been actively pursued. Stemming from the finance-growth nexus, literature suggests that financial innovation has a relationship to growth, which could be either positive or negative. Implicitly, financial innovation has a good and a dark side that affects growth. This study establishes the causal relationship between financial innovation and economic growth in Zimbabwe empirically. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds tests and Granger causality tests on financial time series data of Zimbabwe for the period 1980-2013, the study finds that financial innovation has a relationship to economic growth that varies depending on the variable used to measure financial innovation. A long-run, growth-driven financial innovationis confirmed, with causality running from economic growth to financial innovation. Bi-directional causality also exists after conditionally netting-off financial development. Policies that enhance economic growth inter-twined with financial innovation are essential, if developing countries, such as Zimbabwe, aim to maximize economic development

scholarly journals PENGARUH ZIS (ZAKAT, INFAK, SEDEKAH) DAN ZAKAT FITRAH TERHADAP PENURUNAN KEMISKINAN DI INDONESIA PERIODE 1998 - 2010

Media Ekonomi ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Jumadin Lapopo
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Independent Variables

<p>Poverty is being a problem in all developing countries including Indonesia. Among goverment programs, poverty has become the center offattention in policy at both of the regional and national levels. Looking at thephenomenon of poverty, Islam present with solution to reduce poverty through Zakat. This study aims to analyze the effect of ZIS and Zakat Fitrah against poverty in Indonesia in 1998 until 2010, data used in this study is secondary data and uses time series data, for the dependent variabel is poverty and for independent variables are ZIS and Zakat Fitrah. The analysis tools used in this study is to use multiple regression analysis model and the assumptions of classical test using the software Eviews-4. In this study also concluded that the ZIS variables significantly affect to the reduction of poverty in Indonesia although the effect is very small. In the variable Zakat Fitrah not significantly affect poverty reduction in Indonesia because of the nature of Zakat Fitrah is for consumption and not for long-term needs. The results of this study can be used for the management of zakat to be able to develop the management and to get a better system for distribution of zakat so that the main purpose of zakat can be achieved to reduce poverty.<br />Keywords : Poverty, Zakat Fitrah, ZIS.</p>

Improving food crop production in the Sudan Savanna zone of Northern Nigeria

1976 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
A H Kassam ◽  
M Dagg ◽  
J M Kowal ◽  
F H Khadr
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Strong Function ◽  
Disaster Area ◽  
Crop Husbandry ◽  
Food Crop Production ◽  
Sudan Savanna ◽  
Savanna Zone

Poor rainfall in 1972 and 1973 led to much of the area in the Sudan Savanna zone of Nigeria being declared a disaster area due to the widespread failures of major food crops under indigenous practices. However, in the same circumstances, a group of farmers using improved seed, fertilizer and better methods, obtained yields which were satisfactory. Crop losses from “drought” are a strong function of the cultivars grown and of the level of crop husbandry.

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