scholarly journals Testing Relativistic Time Dilation beyond the Weak-Field Post-Newtonian Approximation

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Yaakov Friedman ◽  
Esra Yudkin
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Power Series Expansion ◽  
Weak Field ◽  
Time Dilation ◽  
Spherically Symmetric ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Eccentric Orbits ◽  
Newtonian Approximation ◽  
Relativistic Time

In General Relativity, the gravitational field of a spherically symmetric non-rotating body is described by the Schwarzschild metric. This metric is invariant under time reversal, which implies that the power series expansion of the time dilation contains only even powers of v / c . The weak-field post-Newtonian approximation defines the relativistic time dilation of order ϵ (or of order ( v / c ) 2 ) of the small parameter. The next non-zero term of the time dilation is expected to be of order ϵ 2 , which is impossible to measure with current technology. The new model presented here, called Relativistic Newtonian Dynamics, describes the field with respect to the coordinate system of a far-removed observer. The resulting metric preserves the symmetries of the problem and satisfies Einstein’s field equations, but predicts an additional term of order ϵ 3 / 2 for the time dilation. This term will cause an additional periodic time delay for clocks in eccentric orbits. The analysis of the gravitational redshift data from the Galileo satellites in eccentric orbits indicates that, by performing an improved satellite mission, it would be possible to test this additional time delay. This would reveal which of the coordinate systems and which of the above metrics are real. In addition to the increase of accuracy of the time dilation predictions, such an experiment could determine whether the metric of a spherically symmetric body is time reversible and whether the speed of light propagating toward the gravitating body is the same as the speed propagating away from it. More accurate time dilation and one-way speed of light formulas are important for astronomical research and for global positioning systems.

scholarly journals COMMENTS ON "ON THE SPEED OF GRAVITY AND THE JUPITER/QUASAR MEASUREMENT" BY S. SAMUEL

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 273-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
SERGEI M. KOPEIKIN
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Propagation Of Light ◽  
Relativistic Time ◽  
Speed Of Gravity ◽  
General Relativistic ◽  
Recent Review Article

A recent review article by S. Samuel "On the Speed of Gravity and the Jupiter/Quasar Measurement" published as Int. J. Mod. Phys. D13, 1753 (2004), provides the reader with a misleading "theory" of the relativistic time delay in the general theory of relativity. Furthermore, it misquotes original publications by Kopeikin and Fomalont and Kopeikin related to the measurement of the speed of gravity by VLBI. We summarize the general relativistic principles of the Lorentz-invariant theory of the propagation of light in a time-dependent gravitational field, derive a Lorentz-invariant expression for the relativistic time delay, and finally explain why Samuel's "theory" is conceptually incorrect and confuses the speed of gravity with the speed of light.

scholarly journals VLBI Relativistic Time Delay Model with Picosecond Precision

1993 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 211-211
Author(s):  
Zhigen Yang ◽  
Ming Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Velocity Vector ◽  
Unit Vector ◽  
Delay Model ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Relativistic Model ◽  
Relativistic Time ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Correction Terms ◽  
Better Than

The VLBI relativistic time delay model of transformation is reformuled with a precision of better than 1 ps, which is given as followswhere is geocentric newtonial potential, and are the barycentric velocity vector in B-frame and the geocentric velocity vector of antenna i. Ŝ is the unit vector of the direction from the barycenter of solar system to the source. c is the speed of light in vacuum. , where is the geocentric baseline vector. δtv can be expressed as in which and where Δtatm, Δtion and Δtaxo are the tropospheric, the ionospheric and the axio offset refraction delays respectively, and Δtgrav is called the gravitational time delay. A straightforward differentation of expression (1), the equation of d(dτ)/dt can be obtained. The included in the can be expressed as The orders of magnitude of the various correction terms in expression (4) and (5) are estimated respectively. Conclusion: expression (4) and (5) should be taken into account in the VLBI relativistic model of transformation for the 1 ps precision. Equation (1) and the expression of its differentation differ from all the models which have been published earlier.

Energy and Momentum

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Wittman
Keyword(s):  
Time Dilation ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Massless Particles ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Low Speeds ◽  
Energy And Momentum ◽  
Deep Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Momentum Relation

Tis chapter explains the famous equation E = mc2 as part of a wider relationship between energy, mass, and momentum. We start by defning energy and momentum in the everyday sense. We then build on the stretching‐triangle picture of spacetime vectors developed in Chapter 11 to see how energy, mass, and momentum have a deep relationship that is not obvious at everyday low speeds. When momentum is zero (a mass is at rest) this energy‐momentum relation simplifes to E = mc2, which implies that mass at rest quietly stores tremendous amounts of energy. Te energymomentum relation also implies that traveling near the speed of light (e.g., to take advantage of time dilation for interstellar journeys) will require tremendous amounts of energy. Finally, we look at the simplifed form of the energy‐momentum relation when the mass is zero. Tis gives us insight into the behavior of massless particles such as the photon.

scholarly journals Utilizing relativistic time dilation for time-resolved studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 154 (11) ◽  
pp. 111107
Author(s):  
Hazem Daoud ◽  
R. J. Dwayne Miller
Keyword(s):  
Time Dilation ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Relativistic Time

Propagation Speed of Gravity and the Relativistic Time Delay

2003 ◽  
Vol 590 (2) ◽  
pp. 683-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford M. Will
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Propagation Speed ◽  
Relativistic Time ◽  
Speed Of Gravity

scholarly journals Effect of Matter Distribution on Relativistic Time Dilation

2018 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 500-523
Author(s):  
Dirk J. Pons ◽  
Arion D. Pons ◽  
Aiden J. Pons
Keyword(s):  
Time Dilation ◽  
Matter Distribution ◽  
Relativistic Time

scholarly journals Dilation of Time Dilation

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Wajda
Keyword(s):  
Light Pulse ◽  
Michelson Interferometer ◽  
Time Dilation ◽  
Constant Time ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Interference Fringes ◽  
Fundamental Error ◽  
Transportation Speed

The study addresses the issue of the so-called time dilation in the sense of the origin of its creation and the physical existence.Based on the work of Lorentz, who the lack of displacement of interference fringes in the Michelson interferometer explained wrongly with, shortening one arm of the interferometer, I propose the construction of the light pulse clock, in which to measure the rate of the passage of time is used constancy speed of light in vacuum.Light clock, the construction of which is described in the paper, stationary in relation to the ether, will measure constant time intervals. The same clock transported, will slow down the pace of his walk as a function of transportation speed v and that is a novelty, will slow depending on its orientation relative to the direction of motion. Light clock transported transversely with respect to the stationary clock will slow gamma times, transported lengthwise will slow gamma to the second power.Basing on the obtained dependences I maintain that time dilation defined in the theory of relativity (SR) as the slowing of the lapse of time, does not physically exist and identification the varying pace of walk clock with the pace of lapse of time I consider a fundamental error resulting from the postulates of this theory.

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