scholarly journals Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals Four Novel Viruses Associated with Calf Diarrhea

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1907
Author(s):  
Qi Wu ◽  
Jizong Li ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Jinzhu Zhou ◽  
Dandan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Aichi Virus ◽  
Bovine Coronavirus ◽  
S Gene ◽  
Calf Diarrhea ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Control ◽  
Orf2 Region ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Calf diarrhea is one of the common diseases involved in the process of calf feeding. In this study, a sample of calf diarrhea that tested positive for bovine coronavirus and bovine astrovirus was subjected to high-throughput sequencing. The reassembly revealed the complete genomes of bovine norovirus, bovine astrovirus, bovine kobuvirus, and the S gene of bovine coronavirus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the ORF2 region of bovine astrovirus had the lowest similarity with other strains and gathered in the Mamastrovirus unclassified genogroup, suggesting a new serotype/genotype could appear. Compared with the most closely related strain, there are six amino acid mutation sites in the S gene of bovine coronavirus, most of which are located in the S1 subunit region. The bovine norovirus identified in our study was BNoV-GIII 2, based on the VP1 sequences. The bovine kobuvirus is distributed in the Aichi virus B genus; the P1 gene shows as highly variable, while the 3D gene is highly conserved. These findings enriched our knowledge of the viruses in the role of calf diarrhea, and help to develop an effective strategy for disease prevention and control.

Zoonoses and Communicable Diseases Common to Man aqnd Animals. Third Edition. Pedro N Acha and Boris Szyfres. A Review by Peter Kerr.

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
P Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Public Health Workers ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Control

THE three volumes of this book set out to cover the common and not so common zoonotic diseases. As the title implies, in many cases, for example actinomycosis, the diseases covered are common to humans and animals rather than being transmitted from animals to man. Volume 1 covers bacterial and mycotic diseases, volume 2, chlamydial, rickettsial and viral diseases and volume 3 deals with parasitic diseases. Each disease is dealt with systematically under the headings of: Etiology, Geographic Distribution, Occurrence in man, Occurrence in animals, Disease in man, Disease in animals, Source of infection and mode of transmission, Role of animals in the epidemiology of the disease, Diagnosis, and Control. This is followed by a bibliography. The style makes it easy to gain a quick overview or refresher on any particular disease that is covered. However, it does not lend itself to differential diagnosis based on clinical signs or symptoms. This means that the books are probably more useful for students, clinicians, epidemiologists, researchers and public health workers needing a quick update on a particular disease than for the diagnostician in the field or clinic.

scholarly journals Methodology of the Enterprise Architecture creating and the role of the Enterprise Architecture in rural development

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 334-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Rábová
Keyword(s):  
Enterprise Architecture ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Software Components ◽  
Business Managers ◽  
Enterprise Information ◽  
Technology Infrastructure ◽  
Business Goals ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Control

This contribution deals with the concept of the Enterprise Architecture, the practice that tries to describe and control an organization structure, processes, applications, systems and technology infrastructure, software components, services and roles in enterprise. It links the goals, resources and rule in enterprise with the processes and activities in business organization and creates a large document for planning, investing and the enterprise information strategy. The aim of the article is the methodological approach, the common method for development of the Enterprise Architecture document. What is important in this document? All business managers must make sense of the architecture to optimize their activities according to the specific business goals and to develop a strategy for the innovation and for the introduction improvements in the current business situation and into the future. The Enterprise Architecture can serve as a basis of business knowledge. The description principles should be applied in every area of industry also in the Czech agriculture area. The conclusions of the paper evaluate the knowledge context and discuss the necessity of establishing the Enterprise Architecture in the company.

scholarly journals Assessing Host-Pathogen Interaction Networks via RNA-Seq Profiling: A Systems Biology Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhesh Dev Sareshma ◽  
Bhassu Subha
Keyword(s):  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Ribosome Profiling ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
The Common ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Generation Sequencing

RNA sequencing is a valuable tool brought about by advances in next generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Initially used for transcriptome mapping, it has grown to become one of the ‘gold standards’ for studying molecular changes that occur in niche environments or within and across infections. It employs high-throughput sequencing with many advantages over previous methods. In this chapter, we review the experimental approaches of RNA sequencing from isolating samples all the way to data analysis methods. We focus on a number of NGS platforms that offer RNA sequencing with each having their own strengths and drawbacks. The focus will also be on how RNA sequencing has led to developments in the field of host-pathogen interactions using the dual RNA sequencing technique. Besides dual RNA sequencing, this review also explores the application of other RNA sequencing techniques such as single cell RNA sequencing as well as the potential use of newer techniques like ‘spatialomics’ and ribosome-profiling in host-pathogen interaction studies. Finally, we examine the common challenges faced when using RNA sequencing and possible ways to overcome these challenges.

scholarly journals Nasopharyngeal Microbiome Signature in COVID-19 Positive Patients: Can We Definitively Get a Role to Fusobacterium periodonticum?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmela Nardelli ◽  
Ivan Gentile ◽  
Mario Setaro ◽  
Carmela Di Domenico ◽  
Biagio Pinchera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Sialic Acids ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Individual Protection ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control ◽  
Precise Role ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This virus is highly transmissible among individuals through both droplets and aerosol leading to determine severe pneumonia. Among the various factors that can influence both the onset of disease and the severity of its complications, the microbiome composition has also been investigated. Recent evidence showed the possible relationship between gut, lung, nasopharyngeal, or oral microbiome and COVID-19, but very little is known about it. Therefore, we aimed to verify the relationships between nasopharyngeal microbiome and the development of either COVID-19 or the severity of symptoms. To this purpose, we analyzed, by next generation sequencing, the hypervariable V1-V2-V3 regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA in nasopharyngeal swabs from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients (n=18) and control (CO) individuals (n=12) using Microbiota solution A (Arrow Diagnostics). We found a significant lower abundance of Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria in COVID-19 patients in respect to CO (p=0.003 and p<0.0001, respectively) from the phylum up to the genus (p<0.001). The Fusobacterium periodonticum (FP) resulted as the most significantly reduced species in COVID-19 patients respect to CO. FP is reported as being able to perform the surface sialylation. Noteworthy, some sialic acids residues on the cell surface could work as additional S protein of SARS-CoV-2 receptors. Consequently, SARS-CoV-2 could use sialic acids as receptors to bind to the epithelium of the respiratory tract, promoting its clustering and the disease development. We can therefore speculate that the significant reduction of FP in COVID-19 patients could be directly or indirectly linked to the modulation of sialic acid metabolism. Finally, viral or environmental factors capable of interfering with sialic metabolism could determine a fall in the individual protection from SARS-CoV-2. Further studies are necessary to clarify the precise role of FP in COVID-19.

scholarly journals AIR TRANSPORT SECURITY: THE ROLE OF THE CAI - CAPC - RENEGADE CONCEPT

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-337
Author(s):  
Bohdan PASZUKOW ◽  
Ryszard PIWOWARCZYK
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Short Article ◽  
Monitoring And Control System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Main Components ◽  
And Control

In this short article the authors describe the main components of the basic cooperation on the “CAI – CAPC – RENEGADE” concept and its significance for the common air traffic monitoring and control system. Such system involves among the others countering the possible airborn terrorist threats. Cooperation between the NATO countries and Russia has been noticed in the article, as well as its importance for the unified protection countries against the airborn activities and its military significance.

Morphogenesis of a New Human Herpes-Type Virus Isolate (Sasha Virus)

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 592-593
Author(s):  
R. F. Zeigel ◽  
W. Munyon
Keyword(s):  
Virus Isolate ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Human Herpes ◽  
Human Embryonic Lung ◽  
Human Herpes Virus ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Hel Cells ◽  
And Control

In continuing studies on the role of viruses in biochemical transformation, Dr. Munyon has succeeded in isolating a highly infectious human herpes virus. Fluids of buccal pustular lesions from Sasha Munyon (10 mo. old) uiere introduced into monolayer sheets of human embryonic lung (HEL) cell cultures propagated in Eagles’ medium containing 5% calf serum. After 18 hours the cells exhibited a dramatic C.P.E. (intranuclear vacuoles, peripheral patching of chromatin, intracytoplasmic inclusions). Control HEL cells failed to reflect similar changes. Infected and control HEL cells were scraped from plastic flasks at 18 hrs. of incubation and centrifuged at 1200 × g for 15 min. Resultant cell packs uiere fixed in Dalton's chrome osmium, and post-fixed in aqueous uranyl acetate. Figure 1 illustrates typical hexagonal herpes-type nucleocapsids within the intranuclear virogenic regions. The nucleocapsids are approximately 100 nm in diameter. Nuclear membrane “translocation” (budding) uias observed.

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