Reductionism and holism in the philosophy of medicine

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
E. Zakablukovskiy

The article highlights certain aspects of the discussion on the topic of reductionism vs. holism in the philosophy of medicine. Classic radical reductionism is defeated by the concept of emergence. The s.c. bio-medical point of view on a malady, despite its relevance and clear benefit, is not recognized as universal as its adherents may claim, and it yields to an integral psycho-bio-social model. The author introduces a new classification of holism (vitalistic, social and individualistic) and makes appropriate recommendations to clinicians. It is social holism at the macro level that has proven effective in combating the spread of COVID-19.

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-34
Author(s):  
Andrei Terian

This study analyses the manner in which Romanian criticism chose to define and outline literary modernity. From this point of view, I have highlighted a series of deficiencies in the aforementioned endeavors, among which the reductive vision on modernism, which is limited either to a strictly formal meaning (as literary technique) or to a substantial one (as ideological attitude), the emergence of a non-differentiated concept of modernism, which tends to embrace any secondary effects or, on the contrary, of a generic anti-modernism, irrespective of the level or the direction in which it opposes modernism. Therefore, the present study sets forth a new classification of Romanian literary modernity, which includes, besides modernism, an anti-modernist direction and an ultra-modernist one also.


2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Constantin Predescu ◽  
Mirela Gabriela Sohaciu ◽  
Dana Serban ◽  
Maria Nicolae

Putting in practice the recycling projects of the damaging secondary powder products as dust, scale (mixture of oxides � fabrication defect appearing at rolling) or sand resulted in steel industry effluents removal, needs to be characterized from physical, chemical and technological point of view. This paper aims to realise a new classification of the damaging material and new definitions for their characteristics. The proposed groups are: producing characteristics, impact characteristics, removal characteristics and recycling valorisation characteristics. To underline the technological importance of the used characteristics as work instruments has been programmed experimental researches regarding the diminishing of the recycling of the dust and the sand obtained after the electric arc furnace gas removal and scale from rolling. The characteristics of recycling valorisation have been assessed: chemical composition and Zn assimilation ratio in the steel, the efficiency in liquid steel, the degree of replacing the scrap iron and the recycling chemical composition.


2022 ◽  
Vol 354 ◽  
pp. 00028
Author(s):  
Adrian Matei ◽  
Nicolae Ianc

According to the new classification method, salt mines and underground work or areas where methane has not been observed but for which methane has been observed in boreholes found in rock massifs are considered to be fire mines / mine areas or mining work. This new classification allows only the effective areas of exploitation to be maintained in the wire regime, the rest of the salt mine being considered non-wire. The purpose of this paper is to determine the rate of methane (explosive gas) and carbon dioxide (oxidizing gas) in the mining operations of the Tg-Ocna salt mine, given its classification.


Author(s):  
I. R. Khuzina ◽  
V. N. Komarov

The paper considers a point of view, based on the conception of the broad understanding of taxons. According to this point of view, rhyncholites of the subgenus Dentatobeccus and Microbeccus are accepted to be synonymous with the genus Rhynchoteuthis, and subgenus Romanovichella is considered to be synonymous with the genus Palaeoteuthis. The criteria, exercising influence on the different approaches to the classification of rhyncholites, have been analyzed (such as age and individual variability, sexual dimorphism, pathological and teratological features, degree of disintegration of material), underestimation of which can lead to inaccuracy. Divestment of the subgenuses Dentatobeccus, Microbeccus and Romanovichella, possessing very bright morphological characteristics, to have an independent status and denomination to their synonyms, has been noted to be unjustified. An artificial system (any suggested variant) with all its minuses is a single probable system for rhyncholites. The main criteria, minimizing its negative sides and proving the separation of the new taxon, is an available mass-scale material. The narrow understanding of the genus, used in sensible limits, has been underlined to simplify the problem of the passing the view about the genus to the other investigators and recognition of rhyncholites for the practical tasks.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
OKSANA KOCHKINA ◽  
◽  
OLGA MARCHUK ◽  

The article examines the legal and moral and ethical aspects of a misdemeanor that discredits the honor of an employee of the criminal Executive system. The considered reason for dismissal has the main feature associated with the integration of legal and moral norms, which often raises a lot of questions about the attribution of a particular offense to this basis. Using the analysis of normative legal acts, the authors attempt to identify the signs that contribute to the separation of the studied grounds for dismissal from all their diversity. The classification of offenses that discredit the honor of an employee of the criminal Executive system is presented, which allows to systematize and organize the knowledge obtained about the considered grounds for dismissal. The analysis of a misdemeanor that defames the honor of an employee of the penal system from a moral and ethical position gives an understanding, first of all, that it does not have a clear regulation from the point of view of the law, but the consequences of committing such a misdemeanor are clearly legal. The concepts of “honor” and “dignity” are considered as ethical categories and are analyzed as personal qualities that are manifested in an employee of the penal correction system during the period of service. These categories in the behavior of a person or employee are manifested both externally (assessment from the outside) and internally (self-assessment). The article describes the value orientation of an employee of the criminal Executive system to ethical standards in professional activity, which is an integral part of the moral and ethical side of a misdemeanor that discredits the honor of an employee.


1971 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 262-266
Author(s):  
K. F. Chudoba
Keyword(s):  

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