scholarly journals THEORY OF FORENSIC EXPERTOLOGY IN THE SYSTEM OF LAW

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Nina Klymenko
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Forensic Expertise ◽  
Science Theory ◽  
Special General ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
Expert Science ◽  
Relationship Of

The article deals with the concept of a general theory of forensic expertology, the conditions for its creation, the place of forensic expert science in the system of legal sciences, the limits of its subject matter, the issues of interaction and the relationship of the science of forensic science and forensic expertology. The system and structure of the general theory of forensic expertology and its tasks are given. Separate articles of the Criminal Procedure, Civil Procedure, Administrative, Economic, Customs and Other Codes of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine “On Forensic Expertise” of 1994 and the constitutional confirmation (article 92, paragraph 14 of the Constitution of Ukraine) of the legislative provision of forensic expertise are the further legal basis development of legal, organizational and managerial directions of forensic expertology. Forensic expertology does not only preserves the “birthmarks” of forensic science, but also, in turn, influences the dialectics of the development of the subject of forensic science and the content of its scientific fields (forensic techniques, forensic tactics and forensic methos). In particular, it requires clarifying the well-established view of the unity of forensic techniques for the investigator and expert. The first is made to collect “trace information”, the second is used for its in-depth study based on special knowledge in order to turn it into evidence-based information. Different goals are provided with different means of content. It is more accurate to raise the question of interaction, the “docking” of two, although closely related, but independent branches of scientific and technical means serving justice. The tasks of the general theory of forensic expertise (expert studies) are similar to the tasks of forensic science. They can be divided into general and special. General task is the creation of a scientific base for the purpose of the functioning and development of the industry of the use of special knowledge in examinations for the needs of legal proceedings, assistance in the fight against crime and other offenses, resolution of civil law disputes. Special task is the study of the laws of formation and development of specific types of forensic expertises, the expansion of their capabilities; development and improvement of expert technologies, tools, methods and techniques; the formation of the scientific foundations of new types of forensic expertises in connection with the emergence of new objects (computer, art history, etc.); developing expert crime prevention measures; development of an automated workplace software (AWS) for an expert of various types of research, study and implementation of advanced expert experience; forecasting expert practice processes and research tasks. Specific tasks are the up-to-date tasks that the practice puts before so the science of expert science to meet the needs that have arisen. Key words: forensic expertology, forensic expertise, legal science, theory.

scholarly journals Types of Information Processes in Expert Activities

Russian judge ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Olga S. Zalivokhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
Separate Type ◽  
Information Processes ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Expert Practice ◽  
Communicative Activity

The article is devoted to a separate type of information processes of forensic science. The author reveals the essence, content and relationship of the processes of interpretation, communication and processing of information in relation to expert practice. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop the doctrine of the means and forms of communicative activity in the production of forensic examinations and information processes within the framework of the general theory of forensic examination.

scholarly journals ON THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF FORENSIC EXPERTOLOGY

2019 ◽  
pp. 150-157
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Forensic Expert ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The suggested hypothesis of M.Ya. Sehai allows extrapolating the results of applying whole methods within the framework of each class (forensic expert substratology, forensic expert documentation, and forensic psychonomics). This does not diminish the significance of the scientific ground of the provisions of a particular type of forensic examination, but thanks to the challenging hypothesis of M. Ya. Sehai concerning the relationship of interaction and the provisions justified by him in forensic science, this will allow applying “forensic” methods (which, by and large, does not exist, since methods are general scientific) to the subject of research in other types of forensic examinations, where they have not previously been used. The subject of the study of forensic science and forensic expertology enlarges each other, at least from the perspective of using special knowledge in legal proceedings. Conclusion is the following: in forensic expertology has its own role in justice, it is a completely established theory with a hypothesis and accepted facts at present. Forensic expertology has its own subject; it integrates the scientific methods of individual forensic expert theories and has its own methodological function. Key words: forensic expertology, criminalistics, forensic science, forensic expert substratology, forensic expert documentation, forensic psychonomics, hypothesis.

scholarly journals REGARDING RELATION BETWEEN CLASSIFICATION OF FORENSIC SCIENCE GENERAL THEORY TASKS AND PRACTICAL FORENSIC ACTIVITY (Review Article)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-192
Author(s):  
A. Polianskyi ◽  
G. Juodkaite-Granskiene
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
Science Theory ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

The article analyzes conceptual foundations, views and ideas as to understanding of the essence of the classification of forensic science general theory tasks. The main views of scientists concerning classification of forensic examination typical tasks are analyzed. Information is established by examining properties of individual objects or characteristics of several objects interaction process. Special (individual) tasks of the forensic science general theory include: research on the development and formation of forensic examination types, expansion of the scope of their practical application; design of the latest types and kids of forensic examinations in connection with the emergence of modern facilities or improvement of methods and techniques existing in forensic practice; modernization of software for an expert workstation; improvement of the practical activities of forensic experts and emergence of scientific research innovative tasks in the field of forensic science; planned enhancement of existing scientific knowledge and improvement of general and individual theories of forensic science; development (taking into account current realities) of methods and techniques for assessing an expert conclusion. Having analyzed the trends in the development of individual theories of forensic science and forensic practice, we suggest to supplement the outlined special tasks of forensic science theory with the following: development of systemic links between state and non-state entities of forensic activity; development and rationalization of organizational foundations of forensic activity, including the development of an individual rating of a particular forensic expert and of a forensic science institute in general. It has been proved that a scientifically grounded classification of forensic science general theory tasks and general tasks of practical forensic activity increases efficiency of forensic activity implementation, helps to identify and investigate crimes, to establish circumstances to be proved in a particular case in the manner stipulated by a corresponding procedural legislation of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Relationship of Somatic Pathology and Dental Diseases in Children, Prevention Measures and Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
D. Atezhanov ◽  
◽  
T. Supiev ◽  
B. Bakiev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Dental Diseases ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals FAMILY SOCIAL SUPPORT AND PATIENTS MOTIVATION PREVENT PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS TRANSMISSION

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Ayu Putu Yunita Lestari ◽  
Dwi Prima Hanis Kusumaningtiyas ◽  
I Ketut Andika Priastana
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Family Social Support ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Relationship Of

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which usually attacks the lungs. The increasing number of TB patients will result in an increase in TB transmission in the community. The lack of prevention measures of TB transmission occurs because the patient has less motivation in preventing the transmission of disease. This study aims to determine the relationship of family social support with patient motivation in preventing transmission of pulmonary TB in Negara Sub-district 2019. This study is quantitative study and used a cross-sectional design. The population in this study was pulmonary TB patients in the Negara sub-district with a total sample of 43 respondents. The research sample used a Simple Random Sampling technique. Analysis of the study using Spearman’s Rho. Family social support the most lung TB people are in good category 37 (86%). The motivation of patients in preventing the transmission of the most lung TB in the category of good 40 (93%). The results of the research analysis state P = 0.005 (P = 0.05). There is a relationship between the social support of the family with the motivation of the patient in preventing the transmission of lung TB.

DNA in Forensic Science. Theory. Techniques and Applications

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (2) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Alan Townshend
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Science Theory

scholarly journals Serological Analysis and Drug Resistance of Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in 4500 Healthy Subjects in Shenzhen, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Dong Du ◽  
Shuping Liao ◽  
Yan Wu ◽  
Yang Jiao ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains ◽  
Relationship Of

Objective. To understand the prevalence and distribution of Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) in the population and to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of respiratory tract infection. Methods. This study included a total of 4500 healthy subjects who were given physical examination in Shenzhen People’s Hospital from January to December in 2016. Venous blood was drawn from people to detect the MP- and CP-specific IgG and IgM in the serum using chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). The relationship of MP and CP infections with patient age, seasons, and percentage of infections was analyzed. Conclusion. CP and MP cause high rate of asymptomatic infection, which may be associated with the high incidence of CP and MP infection, especially in children and the elderly population. Therefore, the implementation of effective and practical prevention measures has become an urgent need. MP culture and drug sensitivity test should be performed as early as possible in patients with manifested MP infections in order to ensure timely and proper treatment and to reduce the emergence of drug-resistant strains.

Forensic Examination as the Main Form of Using Special Knowledge in the Civil and Arbitration Process

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Sergey A. VORONIN
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Classification Task ◽  
Full Extent ◽  
Main Form ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
Arbitration Process ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Research Facilities

Considering the classification of forensic examinations, it is necessary to consider the classification task of a General theory of judicial examination of common problems and practical forensic activities. This article reveals the full extent of the use of special knowledge from the expert during the examination in civil and arbitration process. Deals with the practical tasks of forensic activities, problems of the theory examination and the classification of expert tasks in the civil and arbitration process. It is interesting to consider another classification of expert tasks – the level of elaboration of methods of their solution. On this basis the tasks are divided into standard (algorithmization) and custom (heuristic, creative). Algorithmically the process of solving standard tasks are presented in the form of a developed and scientifically based techniques of expert research facilities – techniques of forensic examinations. It is interesting to consider another classification of expert tasks – the level of elaboration of methods of their solution. On this basis the tasks are divided into standard (algorithmization) and custom (heuristic, creative). Algorithmically the process of solving standard tasks are presented in the form of a developed and scientifically based techniques of expert research facilities – techniques of forensic examinations.

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