scholarly journals Efficiency of Fertilization in Sustainable Wheat Production

2002 ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Pepó

In sustainable (wheat) production plant nutrition supply and fertilization play decisive roles among the agrotechnical elements, because of their direct and indirect effects on other agronomical factors.In long-term experiments, we studied the roles of agroecological, genetic-biological and agrotechnical factors in the nutrient supply, fertilization and its efficiency in wheat production under continental climatic conditions (eastern part of Hungary, Trans-Tisza) on chernozem soil. Our results have proved that there are different (positive and negative) interactions among ecological, biological, and agrotechnical elements of wheat production. These interaction effects could modify the nutrient demand, fertilizer (mainly nitrogen) response of wheat varieties and efficiency of fertilization in wheat production.The optimum N-doses (+PK) of wheat varieties varied from 60 kg ha-1 (+PK) to 120 kg ha-1 (+PK) depending on cropyears, agrotechnical elements and genotypes. The winter wheat varieties could be classified into 4 groups according to their fertilizer demand, natural and fertilizer utilization, fertilizer response and yield capacity.Appropriate fertilization (mainly N) of wheat could affect both the quantity and quality of the yield. By using optimum N (+PK) fertilizer doses, we could manifest genetically- coded baking quality traits of winter wheat varieties and reduce quality fluctuation caused by ecological and other management factors. The efficiency of fertilization on different baking quality parameters (wet-gluten, valorigraph index etc) were variety specific (the changes depended on genotypes).Our long-term experiments proved that appropriate fertilization provides optimum yield, good yield stability and excellent yield quality in sustainable wheat production. We could this get better agronomic and economic fertilization efficiency with less harmful environmental effects.

2010 ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
Péter Pepó

Agriculture has traditionally an important role in Hungarian economy and rural development. About 75 % of Hungary’s total territoryis under agricultural land use. Because of ecological conditions and production traditions cereals (wheat, maize etc) have the greatestimportance in Hungarian crop production. In the 1980’s the country-average yields of wheat were about 5,0-5,5 t ha-1 („industrial-like”crop production-model). In the 1990’s the yields of wheat dropped to 4,0 t ha-1 because of low input-using and wide application of the issuesof environmental protection and sustainability. Winter wheat production for quality has a decisive role in certain regions of Hungary(eastern and middle-parts).The quality of wheat is complex and different. Three major growing factor groups determine the quality of winter wheat: genotype,agroecological conditions and agrotechnical factors. In wheat production for quality the selection of the variety is the most importantelement. Our long-term experiments proved that the quality traits of a variety means the highest (maximum) limit of quality which could notbe exceeded in fact. During the vegetation period of wheat the different ecological and agrotechnical factors could help or on the contrarycould demage the quality parameters of wheat.The agrotechnical factors determining the baking quality of wheat can be divided into two groups: the first group means the factors withdirect effects on quality (fertilization, irrigation, harvest); the second group contains the elements with indirect effects on quality (croprotation, tillage, planting, crop protection).Appropriate fertilization could help to manifest the maximum of quality parameters of a wheat genotype and could reduce the qualityfluctuationin unfavourable ecological and agrotechnical conditions.


2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-195
Author(s):  
C. Kondora ◽  
M. Szabó ◽  
A. Máté ◽  
G. Szabó

Owing to the significant differences in the adaptability of state-registered varieties, those which can adapt well to the local conditions should be given preference. There are several high-yielding varieties available in Hungary with excellent agronomic properties, good adaptability and satisfactory baking quality. This study was conducted to analyse the adaptability of 34 state-registered winter wheat varieties tested in the small plot trials of the National Institute for Agricultural Quality Control (NIAQC) at 5–9 locations between 1994 and 1997 based on their gluten quantity and farinographic index. For the comparison of the varieties the evaluation method of Eberhart and Russell (1966) was applied as modified by Bedő and Balla (1977). The qualitative stability and adaptability values of the varieties differ from the adaptability and stability values calculated from the grain yields. Some winter wheat varieties have good qualitative adaptability and stability, while others have special adaptability and poor qualitative stability, but the majority of the varieties do not belong to these groups.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 287-290
Author(s):  
H.M. Kovalyshyna ◽  
Yu.M. Dmytrenko ◽  
A.O. Butenko

The results of long-term field research on the search for resistant varieties of bread winter wheat, created at the V. M. Remeslo Myronivka institute of wheat, to major leaf diseases are presented. Researches were performed under conditions of artificial inoculation by pathogens in field infectious nurseries. Varieties with resistance to brown rust have been identified: Kolumbiia, Remeslivna, Pereiaslavka, Bohdana, Monotyp, Khazarka, Pam'iati Remesla, Yasnohirka, Dostatok, Svitanok Myronivs`kyi, Berehynia Myronivs`ka, Horlytsia myronivs`ka, Trudivnytsia Myronivs`ka, MIP Kniazhna, MIP Vyshyvanka. Powdery mildew: Kolumbiia, Remeslivna, Snizhana, Pereiaslavka, Favorytka, Bohdana, Khazarka, Monotyp, Pam'iati Remesla, Voloshkova, Yasnohirka, Lehenda Myronivs`ka, Svitanok Myronivs`kyi, Oberih Myronivs`kyi, Berehynia Myronivs`ka, Horlytsia Myronivs`ka, Hospodynia Myronivs`ka, MIP Valensiia, Trudivnytsia Myronivs`ka, MIP Kniazhna, MIP Vyshyvanka. Common bunt: Kolumbiia, Snizhana, Pereiaslavka, Favorytka, Volodarka, Bohdana, Pyvna, Madiarka, Yuviliar Myronivs`kyi, Myronivs`ka storichna, Yasnohirka, Dostatok, Lehenda Myronivs`ka, Oberih Myronivs`kyi, Berehynia Myronivs`ka, Horlytsia Myronivs`ka, MIP Kniazhna and MIP Vyshyvanka. As well varieties with group resistance to leaf diseases: Kolumbiia, Smuhlianka, Snizhana, Pereiaslavka, Volodarka, Favorytka, Bohdana, Zolotokolosa, Khazarka, Monotyp, Madiarka, Pam'iati Remesla, Lehenda Myronivs`ka, Svitanok Myronivs`kyi, Berehynia Myronivs`ka, MIP Vyshyvanka and varieties MIP Dniprianka, Estafeta Myronivs`ka, Vezha Myronivs`ka.


2001 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Erika Kutasy ◽  
József Csajbók

The environmental adaptability of crop production is basically determined by the selection of biological background (plant species and varieties) suitable for the region and the site. The sowing structure adapted to the ecological background increases the yield and decreases the yield fluctuation caused natural effects. Exact long-term trials are essential to develop variety structure of winter wheat production suitable for the given ecological conditions. We have examined the productivity and yield stability of genetically different state registered winter wheat varieties. We have compared the varieties’ yield results in plot trials, at similar agrotechnical conditions, in different cropyears. We have examined the absolute and relative (compared to the mean of varieties) yield of winter wheat varieties. We have valued the yield stability of genotypes with the help of analysis of variance and linear regression equations. We have defined the connection between productivity and yield stability of varieties. We have pointed out the varieties with good productivity and yield stability in given agroecological conditions.According to the results of our examinations the developing of variety structure suitable for the agroecological conditions could increase the potential and effective yield level of wheat production.


Author(s):  
O.M. Bakumenko ◽  
V.A. Vlasenko ◽  
O.M. Osmachko ◽  
Fanhua Meng ◽  
Qian Zhou

Experimental researches had been carried out during 2012–2016 in the crop rotation of Sumy National Agrarian University (SNAU) of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. Soils on the experimental field of SNAU – black soil typical deep, non-humusful medium-loam with high and medium provision with elements of mineral nutrition. The humus content about 3.9 %. The reaction of the soil solution is close to neutral (5.8). The analysis of the weather conditions of 2012–2016 researches was conducted on the basis of annual data provided by the meteorological station of the Institute of Agriculture of the North-East of the NAAS, located five kilometers from the experimental field of SNAU. The SNAU soils are classified in the second agro-climatic region of the Sumy region, which according to a long-term data is characterized by temperate continental climate with warm summers and not very cold winters with thaws. Average daily (average annual) air temperature during 2012–2016 fluctuated from +7.9 to +9.5 ºС, and the legth of the frost-free period was close to 230 days. Long-term indicator, precipitation falls within 597–600 mm, with most of it – in the warm period (April-October). In general, the weather conditions during the winter wheat vegetation periods differed from the average annual parameters of the temperature regime, the amount of precipitation and their monthly distribution. It should be noted the excess of temperature to the average long-term index, as well as a slight precipitation increasing. In general, it facilitated to a comprehensive evaluation of the studied Chinese varieties as for an adaptive ability under condition of Ukraine. The samples of Chinese winter wheat varieties which originated from the expeditionary gatherings conducted by V. A. Vlasenko in Gansu and Hebei provinces in (2000–2012) were the material for conducting researches. The cultivar Podolianka (the standard) was used in the study for comparison. The research was carried out using field, laboratory and mathematical-statistical methods. Phenological observations and records, evaluation and harvesting were conducted in accordance with generally accepted methods. The results of research as for adaptive potential of Chinese bread winter wheat varieties are presented. 50 new cultivars of Chinese origin were analyzed under the conditions of left-bank side of North-East Forest-Steppe of Ukraine: super-early varieties – 10 %; early ripening varieties – 54 %; middle-early varieties – 12 %; mid-ripening varieties – 24 %. As for the level of tolerance for winter conditions, all groups of alien crops were inferior to the standard (cultivar Podolyanka) though they had a great level of index (6.4–7.9 points). In general, Chinese cultivars under the conditions of the research were characterized by relatively satisfactory tolerance for winter conditions; 52 % of analyzed patterns wintered at the level of standard with 8 points. Among them: super-early varieties – 2 %; early ripening varieties – 20 %; middle-early varieties – 8 %; mid-ripening varieties – 22 %. As for the height of the plants we identified – from medium-sized (81‒110 cm) forms to dwarf (30-50 cm). The analyzed genotypes divided into medium-sized forms – 22 %, dwarf forms – 14 % and semidwarf forms – 64 %. There was a direct relation between: a plant height → group of ripeness (r = 0.96) → group of ripeness (r = 0.92) → resistance to overwintering (r = 0.78). Among the analyzed patterns high resistance against a group of diseases had the varieties: middle-early genotypes – Longzhong 10, Zhong mai 19, Shijra zhuang 8; mid-ripening genotypes – Longzhong 1, Longzhong 3, Longzhong 2, Longzhong 4, Longzhong 12, Longzhong 7; early ripening genotypes – DF529, Lankao 906, DF581, СА0175, Zhongmai 9, Shi 4185, Jimai 22, Shixin 733, Shimai 12. As for the crop better than the standard: early ripening varieties –Jimai 19, DF529; middle-early varieties – Shijiazhuang 8, Longzhong 10, Jingdong 8; middle-early varieties – NSA 97-2082, Longzhong 2, Longzhong 4, Longzhong 7, Longzhong 5, Longzhong 8, Longzhong 12, Longzhong 11, Longzhong 3. 16 % of analyzed cultivars distinguished by the totality of researched characteristics – DF529, Shijiazhuang 8, Longzhong 3, Longzhong 10, Longzhong 4, Longzhong 7, Longzhong 12, Longzhong 2.


2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 90-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Martinek ◽  
M. Škorpík ◽  
J. Chrpová ◽  
J. Fučík P Schweiger

Breeding wheat with blue grain was conducted at the Crop Research Institute in Prague. Initial donor material came from the legacy of Erich von Tschermak-Seysenegg. Long-term crosses with a series of winter wheat varieties were made with the aim of transferring blue grain colour into cultivated varieties. The prospective material was later handed over to Agrotest Fyto, Ltd., Kroměříž, where line no. 6 was selected from the population RU 440. At the end of 2011, the new winter wheat variety Skorpion with blue grain was registered in Austria. It is intended for special use in the food industry. The anthocyanins which it contains are considered to offer health benefits due to their antioxidant effects.


2018 ◽  
pp. 357-369
Author(s):  
Péter Pepó

The impact of agrotechnical management practices (nutrient and water supply, crop rotation, crop protection, genotype) on the yields of winter wheat and maize and on the soil water and nutrient cycles was studied in long-term experiments set up in 1983 in Eastern Hungary on chernozem soil. The long-term experiments have shown that nitrogen fertilizer rates exceeding the N-optimum of winter wheat resulted in the accumulation of NO3-N in the soil. Winter wheat varieties can be classified into four groups based on their natural nutrient utilization and their fertilizer response. The fertilizer responses of wheat varieties depended on crop year (6.5–8.9 t ha-1 maximum yields in 2011–2015 years) and the genotypes (in 2012 the difference was ~3 t ha-1 among varieties). The optimum N(+PK) doses varied between 30–150 kg ha-1 in different crop years. In maize production fertilization, irrigation and crop rotation have decision role on the yields. The efficiency of fertilization modified by cropyear (in dry 891–1315 kg ha-1, in average 1927–4042 kg ha-1, in rainy cropyear 2051–4473 kg ha-1 yield surpluses of maize, respectively) and crop rotation (in monoculture 1315–4473 kg ha-1, in biculture 924–2727 kg ha-1 and triculture 891–2291 kg ha-1 yield surpluses of maize, respectively). The optimum fertilization could improve the water use efficiency in maize production. Our long-term experiments gave important ecological and agronomic information to guide regional development of sustainable cropping systems.


2016 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Gergely Szilágyi

We tested the fertilizer reaction of four different winter wheat varieties in three different crop years, on chernozem soil, in long-term experiment. We examined the optimum fertilizer requirements and the maximum yield of the varieties. According to our results there were significant differences among the years: the yield of the winter wheat varieties changed between 1.4–6.1 t ha-1 in 2013, 3.8–8.6 t ha-1 in 2014 and 3.2–8.6 t ha-1 in 2015. The yield increasing effect of fertilization was significantly different in the tested years. The optimum level of fertilization was determined by, besides the genetic differences among the varieties, the crop year and the extent of fertilization. In milder winter months, due to the higher average temperatures, yields of winter wheat increased compared to an average crop year.


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