METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO SEARCH FOR RESERVES OF DECREASING COSTS IN THE BRANCHES OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Prime Cost ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

In this article approaches to search for reserves of decrease in cost of agricultural production are considered. The methods of cost calculation of dairy cattle breeding products used at the studied enter-prise are analysed, short characteristic of the standard method offered by the Ministry of Agriculture is given, and calculations of alternative options are also carried out. Today creation of accounting of a production unit is very important so that not only weight units must be considered in it, but also the quali-tative structure of products must be reflected. Definition of qualitative characteristics and technological properties by production of milk which depend on use purposes can be an example. The raw materials consumption on a unit of production and its quality and also firmness of storage depends on technologi-cal properties of milk. At calculation of prime cost taking into account qualitative characteristics for cal-culation milk in terms of basic fat content undertakes. The method of calculation of prime cost consider-ing qualitative characteristics is the most expedient as prime cost of 1 c of milk unlike the operating tech-nique is lower. In the article analytical methods of reserves calculation for decrease in prime cost taking into account various factors are proved. The revealed reserves will allow an enterprise to expand its in-vestment opportunities in the future, they will give an additional incentive of modernization of the worn-out machinery and equipment in branches of agriculture.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTIC OF MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS-HEIFERS WITH DIFFERENT GENOTYPES OF SOMATOTROPIN (GH)

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
Наталья Сафина ◽  
Natal'ya Safina ◽  
Ильназ Гилемханов ◽  
Il'naz Gilemhanov ◽  
Фарида Зиннатова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
The Republic

. Polymorphisms of genes may be useful as genetic markers for additional selection criteria in dairy cattle breeding for economically advantageous traits. The presented study is dedicated to the influence of gene polymorphism, responsible for milk quality and milk productivity was carried out among Holstein cow-heifers in Integrated Agricultural Production Centre “Stud farm named after Lenin” of Atninsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. DNA samples were isolated from blood samples of 130 cows for genotyping according to gene of growth hormone (GH) by PCR-RFLP analysis method. The genotypes distribution of the somatotropin gene were as follows: LL – 63.8% (83 animals), LV – 30.0% (39 animals), VV – 6.2% (8 animals), the distribution in frequency of occurrence of alleles L - 0.788 and V - 0.212. When considering the gene polymorphism association with the signs of milk production and the qualitative composition of milk showed prominent results cow-heifers with a LL genotype. The identified relationships indicate the possible genetic improvement of the investigated herds using marker-assisted selection.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ ДИАГНОСТИКИ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОГО ПОЛИМОРФИЗМА β- И κ-КАЗЕИНОВ

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
V.A. POGREBNYAK ◽  
А.V. KOLBAS ◽  
N.A. MORKOVKINA
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Casein Gene ◽  
Cheese Making ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
Genetically Determined

Использование ДНКтехнологий позволяет значительно повысить эффективность селекционноплеменной работы по генетически обусловленным качественным характеристикам молока для производства специализированных видов продукции, сокращая расходы и время для достижения целей. Выявление предпочтительных вариантов генов позволяет проводить селекцию по генотипу. В исследовании маточного поголовья из племенных стад голштинской породы в Белгородской области установлено, что молоко коров генотипов ВВ и АВ по казеину имело лучшие показатели сыропригодности в сравнении с молоком от гомозиготных носительниц Ааллеля казеина: выход сырного зерна был выше на 1317. для производства 1 кг сырного зерна меньше требовалось нормализованного и сырого молока на 12,5. Различий по сыропригодности молока от коров с гетерозиготными и гомозиготными генотипами по аллелю В гена казеина не установлено. На значительной по численности выборке коров голштинской породы (n8706) установлена низкая (8,46) доля животных гомозиготных по аллелю В гена казеина при высокой доле гетерозигот (44,66) и гомозигот АА (46,88). При генотипировании быков (n84) выявлено, что гомозиготными по желательным аллелям казеина было 7,1 животных, по казеину 22,6. Дефицит отечественных быков голштинской породы по желательным генотипам на сегодняшний день может быть компенсирован импортом спермы быков из стран, в которых селекция проводится не только по и казеинам, но и в целом по сыропригодности. Высокая доля (38,87) гомозиготных коров по аллелюА2 при наличии значительного по численности поголовья позволяет сформировать из них специализированное стадо для производства гипоаллергенного молока. Значительная доля гетерозиготных генотипов по казеину дает возможность создавать группы/стада коров с аллелем В гена казеина по результатам генотипирования и получать улучшенное молоко для сыроделия.Enhancing innovation in dairy cattle breeding is interesting for not only dairy manufacturers, but also milk processing enterprises and suppliers of various raw materials. Application of DNA technologies allows improving efficiency of cattle breeding for genetically determined milk quality characteristics to produce specialized products, reduce costs and time achieving goals. In addition to the traditional selection of animals, identification of gene variants, which are preferred for selection, allows to carry out selection according to genotype. The study of the stock of Holstein breed in Belgorod region reveals that milk of cows with the BB and AB genotypes of casein had significantly better characteristics for cheese making compared to milk of cows with homozygous Aallele of casein: increased yield of cheese grain on dry matter / protein by 1317, reduced amount of normalized and raw milk for the production of 1 kg of curd grain by 12.5. There was no difference in the suitability of milk for cheese manufacture between cows with heterozygous and homozygous genotypes for the allele B of the casein gene. An investigation of large group of Holstein cows (n8706) showed low (8.46) proportion of animals that homozygous for the allele B of the casein gene and high proportion of heterozygotes and homozygous(AA) animals (46.88 ).Genotyping of bulls (n84) reveals that animals with homozygotes for the desirable alleles of casein were 7.1, for casein 22.6.The deficit of native Holstein bulls with the desired genotypes today can be compensated by imported bovine semen from countries in which selection is carried out not only for and caseins, but also for all factors influencing milk suitability for cheese manufacture. The high proportion (38.87) of homozygous cows for the A2 allele in the presence of a significant number of livestock, allows forming a specialized herd for the production of hypoallergenic milk. A significant proportion of heterozygous casein genotypes makes it possible to create groups / herds of cows with the casein B allele according to the genotyping results and to receive improved milk for cheese making.

Cost accounting and cost calculation of dairy cattle products taking into account the requirements (IAS) 41 «Agriculture»

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
L. I. Khoruzhy ◽  
N. Yu. Tryashtsina ◽  
Yu. N. Katkov ◽  
T. N. Gupalova ◽  
E. A. Katkova
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Business Plans ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
The Cost

The article is devoted to the issues of accounting for the production costs of agricultural organizations and calculating the cost of milk and fruit using the provisions (IAS) 41 «Agriculture». The scope of application of the standard (IAS) 41 «Agriculture» is indicated, and its application is justified by agro-formations, taking into account costs and calculating the cost of milk and fruit. The author’s system of subaccounts to accounts on accounting of biological assets and results of their biotransformation is described. The method of calculating the cost of production of the main herd in dairy cattle breeding based on the requirements (IAS) 41 «Agriculture» is disclosed. The obtained results can be used by organizations of the agro-industrial complex to take into account costs and calculate costs in dairy cattle breeding, formulate accounting policies, business plans and substantiate management decisions.

scholarly journals METHOD OF DISCRETENESS SUBSTANTIATION OF QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS TESTING DURING IRON ORE RAW MATERIALS EXTRACTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Azarian ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Test Period ◽  
Valuable Component ◽  
Flow Formation ◽  
Technical Control ◽  
Component Content ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

The article aims to substantiate the periodicity of the definition of the maintenance of a valuable component in faces. Information about the content of the valuable component is necessary to comply with the requirements of the enrichment complex while ensuring the process of the total cargo flow formation. Traditionally, in iron ore quarries, technical control services measure the content of the valuable component every shift, but the testing period requires determination. We aimed to justify the period of testing the quality characteristics of iron ore. To achieve the aim, we explored the quarry № 3 of the PJSC "ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih" Mining Department based on the provisions of the mining theory and using mathematical modelling and mathematical statistics methods. We developed a method of substantiating the period of testing the qualitative characteristics of the faces, which we checked based on data from the existing enterprise. Using our method, we proved the possibility of increasing the test period without losing the necessary information about the iron content and without reducing the quality characteristics of the formed final ore flow. Increasing the test period will help companies decrease costs by reducing the number of visits of technical control specialists to test the quarry face. The proposed technique can be helpful to any mining company that supports the data collection and maintain the statistical database of measurements of the valuable component content

scholarly journals Основные направления совершенствования кормопроизводства

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
D.G. Gvazava ◽  
L.A. Khomutova ◽  
L.M. Isaeva
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding

The results of the analysis of the current state of fodder production in the Kostroma region and the main directions of its development with the aim of ensuring an increase in the volume of dairy farming which will contribute to the growth of production efficiency and its competitiveness are examined. The successful development of the dairy subsector cannot be achieved without the organization of balanced animal feeding. The provision of dairy cattle breeding with feed in the required quantity and quality is based on field fodder production that meets the requirements for concentrated and bulky feeds. The Kostroma region has significant land resources for providing dairy cattle breeding with fodder but the fodder production branch is characterized by low production performance. For the analyzed period (2014 2018) the herbage yield of annual grasses was 54.5 103.6 kg/ha, perennial grasses 28.7 35.6 kg/ha, hay 15.9 19.2 c/ha. The low yield of herbage is due to the lack of fodder crop rotation with a set of legumes and legumescereal grass mixtures, seed farming systems oldage plant formation. At the same time the region has internal reserves for the introduction of technologies for growing forage crops, forage conservation and storage to ensure an increase in the volume of dairy farming products. The transition to a highly specialized agricultural production system, improving the structure of sown areas of forage and foddergrain crops due to their rational placement in the crop rotation system and expanding species and varietal diversity, adaptive intensification of fodder production will increase the productivity of fodder land and involve about 33 thousand hectares of unused land in agricultural production .Рассматриваются результаты анализа современного состояния кормопроизводства в Костромской области и основные направления его развития с целью обеспечения увеличения объёмов продукции молочного скотоводства, что будет способствовать росту эффективности производства и его конкурентоспособности. Успешное развитие молочной подотрасли невозможно достичь без организации полноценного кормления животных. Обеспечение молочного скотоводства кормами в необходимом количестве и качестве базируется на полевом кормопроизводстве, удовлетворяющем потребности в концентрированных и объёмистых кормах. Костромская область располагает значительным земельным ресурсом для обеспечения молочного скотоводства кормами, но отрасль кормопроизводства характеризуется низкими производственными показателями. За анализируемый период (2014 2018 гг.) урожайность зелёной массы однолетних трав составляла 54,5 103,6 ц/га, многолетних трав 28,7 35,6 ц/га, сена 15,9 19,2 ц/га. Низкая урожайность зелёной массы обусловлена отсутствием кормового севооборота с набором бобовых и бобовозлаковых травосмесей, системы семеноводства старовозрастным травостоем. Вместе с тем, в регионе имеются внутренние резервы для внедрения технологий выращивания кормовых культур, заготовки и хранения кормов для обеспечения увеличения объёмов продукции молочного скотоводства. Переход на узкоспециализированную систему производства сельскохозяйственной продукции, совершенствование структуры посевных площадей кормовых и зернофуражных культур за счёт рационального размещения их в системе севооборотов и расширения видового и сортового разнообразия, адаптивная интенсификация кормопроизводства позволят повысить продуктивность кормовых угодий и вовлечь в сельхозпроизводство около 33 тыс. га неиспользуемых земель.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO STRATEGIC PLANNING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING AT AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Serhiy Shupyk
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Comprehensive System ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Methodological Approaches

Introduction. The relevance of the study of strategic development planning of any business entity is due to the fact that its activities are accompanied by the manifestation of crisis situations, the way out of which, provided favourable options may be a qualitatively new intensive growth or unfavourable – bankruptcy. In this regard, there is a need to form components of methodological support for strategic planning, which would facilitate the adoption of rational management decisions and actions of the management of agricultural enterprises for milk production to overcome the threat of crisis and its worst manifestation of bankruptcy. Methods. The methodological tools of the study include systematic and comprehensive approaches to knowledge of economic phenomena and processes, as well as their relationships. General scientific and special methods of scientific cognition are used in the conducting research. Abstract and logical, monographic methods are used in the process of generalization of scientific literature. The method of systematic analysis and theoretical generalization allowed to identify the main problems associated with the organization of planning by dairy farmers and approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of their activities. In substantiating a comprehensive system of indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of dairy enterprises and generalizing the conclusions used general scientific methods of cognition, such as the dialectical method, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, a comprehensive system approach.. Results. The tools of strategic analysis are systematized, among which the following are distinguished: SWOT-analysis, “stakeholder theory”, PEST-analysis, model of five competitive forces, key success factors (KSF). It was found that the factors of the external and internal environment are characterized by complexity and variability, which are not considered or partially covered when using existing tools. It is proposed, to use a set of methodological approaches based on a substantiated expert assessment of their size and vector of their impact in order to objectively assess the factors of the external environment of the functioning of agricultural enterprises for milk production. Discussion. Further research of the problem should provide substantiation for the practical adaptation of the proposed methods and system of natural and cost indicators for evaluating the effectiveness and innovative orientation of the development of agricultural enterprises of dairy cattle breeding. Keywords: strategic planning, dairy cattle breeding, milk production enterprises, natural and cost indicators.

scholarly journals Theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of bases of formation of social activity of youth

2020 ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
E. V. Domashova ◽  
E. V. Blagovskaya ◽  
T. A. Gonohova
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
General Characteristic ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Motivational Structure ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

The article reveals the concepts of activity, youth, social activity. The paper notes great attention to young people, especially to the problems of young people, because youth is the most active age group, that can realize itself in all spheres of life: cultural, social, political etc. The authors notice that young people, more than other socio-demographic groups, are focused on raising their social status and on mastering new social roles. The article analyses theoretical approaches to the study of the foundations of the formation of social activity of young people: philosophical, pedagogical, psychological, and sociological. In addition, the paper notes availability of a huge number of author’s interpretations of the definition of «social activity». A common feature of the authors’ study of the phenomenon of activity is the presence of a purposeful, conscious, motivated impact of the personality on society. In addition, social activity is an integral part of the motivational structure of the individual. Based on the author’s interpretations of various scientists, the paper emphasizes the General characteristic of the definition of «social activity» – the presence of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of an individual’s social interaction with the surrounding world.

scholarly journals Economic and statistical research of development of rural areas in Samara region

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00014
Author(s):  
O. F. Pyatova ◽  
T.V. Shumilina ◽  
M. N. Kupryaeva ◽  
O. V. Alekseeva ◽  
L. Dvorskiy
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding

Rural development is often analyzed in isolation from agricultural production. The article analyzes the dynamics of dairy cattle breeding indicators in Samara region. The purpose is to link the development of dairy farming with the development of rural areas.

WAYS TO ENSURE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF MILK PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
Vitalii NITSENKO
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Milk Product ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Definition Of

The starting point was the statement that providing conditions for sufficient consumption of milk and dairy products by the population of Ukraine is one of the urgent tasks of food security. The issue of overcoming the crisis of milk production, which has been observed in recent years and is manifested in a steady reduction in the volume and number of livestock remains unresolved, which determined the subject and objectives of the study. The purpose of the article is formulated as the definition of the main trends in the activities of milk production enterprises, the development measures to improve their activities efficiency. Its achievement has necessitated the allocation of structural elements of the agricultural complex. The subsectors of the dairy subcomplex, the core of which is represented by dairy cattle, are considered separately. Trends and rates of change has been researched in milk production, livestock, average annual milk yield per cow, the structure of milk production in terms of households and industrial livestock, indicators of profitability of milk production based on the analysis of statistical data. The special attention is paid to the problems of the goat's milk market given the indicators of efficiency and export attractiveness. As a result of the study, the following conclusions were obtained: the dominance of the household milk product segment is an obstacle to building an appropriate mechanism for controlling the quality of raw milk; increasing production productivity through mechanization and automation; increasing the economic potential of the dairy industry requires active state regulation through the use of tax regulation tools, tariff and non-tariff levers to increase the products competitiveness without further increase in price; a promising area of development of the dairy sub-sector is the association and cooperation of small producers. Household cooperation has the potential to improve the conditions for the economic interests realization of milk producers by increasing the influence of associations and unions in the market, given the significant price asymmetry. Key words: milk production, economic stability, dairy subcomplex, industrial cattle breeding, dairy cattle breeding.

scholarly journals Methodological Approaches to Study “Competitiveness” Notion

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-354
Author(s):  
O. S. Bliznyuck
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Nominal Exchange Rate ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Producer Price ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Definition Of

The paper is devoted to a detailed and comprehensive analysis of such economic category as competitiveness. Its beginning is focused on plurality of interpretations for a “competitiveness” term depending on goals and objectives, and it also provides a description of such economic category as “competitive advantage”. In addition the paper describes the most widespread approaches to competitiveness based on the opinion of reputable scientists and researchers (J. Faberberg, M. Francis, M. Best, A. Figuera) and it gives a definition of competitiveness at the micro-, meso- and macro levels. Detailed description of competitive relation levels, relationship and interaction between subjects (participants) of competitive relations depending on the competition level (national, international) has been given in the paper. Taking into account the approaches developed by prestigious foreign and national scientists, the author has prepared his own classification of methodological approaches to a definition of competitiveness on the basis of factors that ensure its growth and goals which it is striving for (its qualitative characteristics). The given classification includes seven groups of theories: production theories (theories of production efficiency), institutional theories, theories of technological (innovative) development (improvement), market (marketing) theories, theories of national (social) welfare, management theories and mixed theories. In addition, some indicators have been pinpointed and these indicators make it possible to analyze competitiveness (consumer price index, growth rate of inflation, nominal exchange rate of the Belarusian ruble, GDP growth rate, GDP structure (share of national economy sectors), monetization (ratio M2/GDP), availability of financial (credit) resources: dynamics of refinancing rate, credit rates (collateral, intraday, overnight credit, rates on REPO operations), producer price index (growth rate of prices for raw materials, real wages), level of tax burden for enterprises of industry and business, availability of tax incentives for innovative business (presence of an innovative component in business)) and they are proposed to be added for the forms of statistical reports, in particular a report on production of industrial products (works, services), a report on prices, a report on current costs for environmental protection, a report on implementation of research and development, a report on labor.

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