scholarly journals Ciudades santuario y solidarias en América Latina: una revisión de literatura

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (36) ◽  
pp. 89-113
Author(s):  
Margaret Godoy ◽  
◽  
Harald Bauder ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Urban Policies ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Grassroots Initiatives ◽  
Global North ◽  
America Latina

The literature on urban sanctuary and solidarity in the context of the Global North is robust and rapidly expanding. However, there remains a gap in the literature regarding how these concepts may apply to the Global South. To address this gap, we conducted a scoping review of academic and grey literature on urban sanctuary and solidarity policies and practices in Latin America. We focus on the connection between top-down urban policies and bottom-up grassroots initiatives and practices of migrant and refugee solidarity and sanctuary. Our findings reveal that the academic literature lags behind in some contexts in acknowledging the connection between top-down and bottom-up approaches.

Conclusion: lessons learned and tensions exposed

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter North ◽  
Molly Scott Cato
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Lost Decade ◽  
Global North ◽  
Social Economies ◽  
North And South

This concluding chapter draws together lessons learned from the encounters between social economy activists and academics from Latin America and Europe which were brought together in this collection. It discusses the role of antagonism in social economies, especially in the light of austerity in Europe – and Latin America’s experiences of a lost decade. It discusses tensions between the benefits of top down, centralised, state delivered welfare, and grassroots creativity, arguing for the development of 45 degree politics that maintains the best of both conceptions, with the state maintaining universal access and sufficient resources, while grassroots actors ensure that initiatives are tailored to local needs. Finally it brings together arguments for the need for the SSE sector to develop conceptions of prosperous livelihoods providing dignity and inclusion for those currently denied a livelihood with dignity in the concept of the Anthropocene. It concludes by arguing that these conceptions can best be developed though continued dialogue between actors in the global North and South.

scholarly journals dimensión ambiental del ordenamiento territorial desde el paradigma del desarrollo sostenible en América Latina y en Colombia

REVISTA NODO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 95-118
Author(s):  
Yenny Constanza Román Núñez ◽  
José Luis Farelo Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Politica Publica ◽  
America Latina

Este artículo presenta los desarrollos y retos de la inclusión de la dimensión ambiental en el ordenamiento del territorio desde el paradigma del desarrollo sostenible, en algunos países de América Latina, especialmente, en el caso colombiano. Es un estudio descriptivo con métodos cualitativos de la investigación documental (Uribe, 2013), de tipo informativo y de tipo argumentativo (Alfonzo, 1994) para tratar de resolver la siguiente pregunta, ¿cuáles han sido los desarrollos, luego de 26 años del planteamiento inicial desde los países de América Latina de una propia agenda hacia el desarrollo sostenible, como una de las estrategias al ordenamiento del territorio, en especial en el caso colombiano? Los resultados señalan: que la inclusión de la dimensión ambiental en el ordenamiento territorial está presente en los contenidos de la Carta Europea del Ordenamiento Territorial (1983), que contempló la interrelación hombre-naturaleza, al igual que la dimensión ambiental y social. Esto como consecuencia de la inclusión de la dimensión ambiental en el desarrollo económico en los años 60, producto de las iniciativas del Club de Roma y su informe sobre los Límites del Crecimiento, y posteriormente, con mayor fuerza con el surgimiento del paradigma del desarrollo sostenible. De otro lado, se afirma que el ordenamiento territorial en el caso colombiano está asociado, más que a una única política pública propia sobre el ordenamiento territorial, a un conjunto de políticas públicas sectoriales, principalmente sobre: el desarrollo sostenible (Ley 99 de 1993), el desarrollo económico y social (Ley 152 de 1994), y, el desarrollo territorial y urbano (Ley 388 de 1997), entre otras. En síntesis el ordenamiento del territorio es un deber del Estado, es una cuestión política y es un asunto de poder, por tanto es necesario, por parte del Estado colombiano, asumir el reto de explorar nuevos enfoques híbridos de políticas (Top down y bottom up), donde se venzan las divisiones político administrativas del espacio geográfico y posibiliten un ordenamiento sostenible del territorio, el cual debe propender por la armonización de la dimensión natural, social y económica, y que muy seguro, en la práctica serán tangibles a través de las figuras propuestas en la LOOT (Ley 1454 de 2011).

Urban Solidarity: Perspectives of Migration and Refugee Accommodation and Inclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 089692052093633
Author(s):  
Harald Bauder
Keyword(s):  
Community Leaders ◽  
Expert Interviews ◽  
Political Strategies ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Urban Citizenship ◽  
Global North ◽  
Urban Migrant ◽  
Municipal Administrators ◽  
Political Spectrum

The concept of solidarity and related policies and practices are central to many urban initiatives throughout the global north that support vulnerable migrants and refugees. In this paper, I unpack various meanings of the concept of solidarity within urban migrant- and refugee-supporting initiatives and campaigns. Drawing on expert interviews with activists, community leaders, and municipal administrators and politicians in Berlin and Freiburg, Germany, and Zurich, Switzerland, I show the complexity and contradictory manner in which urban solidarity is understood and practiced. While urban solidarity may appeal to a wide political spectrum and incorporate top–down policies and bottom–up practices and approaches, urban actors also embrace various terminologies, such as Solidarity City and urban citizenship, in response to local circumstances and political strategies.

scholarly journals Adherence characteristics and reasons for abandonment of physical exercise-based interventions in older adults in Latin America: A scoping review (Características de la adherencia y motivos del abandono de las intervenciones basadas en el ejercicio físic

Retos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 10-26
Author(s):  
Igor Cigarroa ◽  
Rafael Zapata-Lamana ◽  
Gonzalo Leiva-Gajardo ◽  
Eduardo Vasquez ◽  
Eva Parrado-Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Prisma Statement ◽  
America Latina

This review describes the adherence characteristics and reasons for abandonment physical exercise-based interventions in older adults in Latin America. This scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Articles were searched in MEDLINE by PubMed, ELSEVIER by SCOPUS and SciELO. The MeSH terms "Exercise", Exercise Therapy" and "Aged" were used between 2015 and 2020. We searched for articles in Spanish, English, and Portuguese carried out in people aged 65 years and over.101 out of 4,642 randomized controlled trials (RCT) were included. A total sample of 5,013 older adults (79% women), with an average age of 68.2 years started their studies and 4,312 finished it, presenting an adherence to the interventions of 86%. Most of the studies were carried out in healthy older adults, in places enabled for the practice of physical activity, in charge of a physical activity professional, and the interventions were performed carried out through group therapeutic exercise. No article reported information on the minimum time of participation to the session to be considered as carried out. Only 30% of the articles reported the minimum participation of older adults in the intervention to include them in the study analysis, and 21% reported the average number of sessions attended to the intervention. The main reasons for abandonment were personal causes unrelated to the intervention. Only 5% of the articles reported injury of one of the participants (in two of them the injury was related to the intervention applied). This review characterized the physical exercise programs in older adults in Latin America, as well the adherence characteristics and the main reasons for abandonment to physical exercise-based interventions, by summarizing available evidence derived from RCTs.  Resumen. Esta revisión describe las características de adherencia y motivos de abandono de las intervenciones basadas en ejercicio físico en adultos mayores en América Latina. Esta revisión de alcance se realizó de acuerdo con la declaración PRISMA. Los artículos fueron buscados en MEDLINE por PubMed, ELSEVIER por SCOPUS y SciELO. Los términos MeSH "Ejercicio", Terapia de ejercicio "y" Anciano "se utilizaron entre 2015 y 2020. Se buscaron artículos en español, inglés y portugués realizados en personas de 65 años o más. Se incluyeron 101 de 4.642 ensayos aleatorizados controlados (ECA), en una muestra total de 5.013 adultos mayores (79% mujeres), con una edad promedio de 68,2 años, que iniciaron sus estudios finalizando 4.312, presentando una adherencia a las intervenciones del 86%. La mayoría de los estudios fueron realizado en adultos mayores sanos, en lugares habilitados para la práctica de actividad física, a cargo de un profesional de actividad física, y las intervenciones se realizaron a través de ejercicio terapéutico grupal. Ningún artículo reportó información sobre el tiempo mínimo de participación a la sesión Sólo el 30% de los artículos informaron la participación mínima de los adultos mayores en la intervención para incluirlos en el análisis del estudio, y el 21% informó el número medio de sesiones. atendidos a la intervención. Los principales motivos de abandono fueron causas personales ajenas a la intervención. Solo el 5% de los artículos reportaron lesión de uno de los participantes (en dos de ellos la lesión estuvo relacionada con la intervención aplicada). Esta revisión caracterizó los programas de ejercicio físico en adultos mayores en América Latina, así como las características de adherencia y los principales motivos de abandono a las intervenciones basadas en ejercicio físico, al resumir la evidencia disponible derivada de ECA.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial stewardship in hospitals in Latin America and the Caribbean: a scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Hegewisch-Taylor ◽  
Anahí Dreser-Mansilla ◽  
Julián Romero-Mónico ◽  
Gabriel Levy-Hara
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Process And Outcome ◽  
The Caribbean

Objectives. To examine published antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) initiatives in hospitals in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) in order to characterize AMS terminology usage, geotemporality, and elements of structure (human resources), process (interventions), and outcomes, and to set priority areas for improving AMS reporting. Methods. This was a scoping review that searched PubMed, LILACS, EMBASE, and 12 other databases, along with a manual search for academic and grey literature to identify documents on AMS initiatives in hospitals in 33 countries of LAC, up to August 2019. Keywords included ‘antibiotic’ or ‘antimicrobial’ AND ‘stewardship, policy, strategies, management, control, rational use, appropriate use, surveillance, or interventions’ and 33 country names. Results. Selected articles totalled 147 studies published in 1985 – 2019; of those, 22% used ‘antimicrobial stewardship’ in the title. Eighteen countries published AMS hospital initiatives, one-half of which were implemented in capital cities. Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, and Chile, in descending frequency, made up > 59% of published initiatives. Educational interventions were the most frequently reported, followed by persuasive and restrictive strategies. Antimicrobial consumption was the most common outcome measure reported. About one-third of the studies (35%) referred to baseline measures-only in preparation for AMS interventions. Fifty-nine studies from 6 countries reported AMS comprehensively, using structure, process, and outcome (SPO) elements. Conclusions. Published hospital AMS initiatives have increased over time and have expanded across LAC. However, more programs need to be developed. Complete reporting of SPO elements is imperative to evaluating and replicating AMS actions.

Riparian-forest buffers: Bridging the gap between top-down and bottom-up restoration approaches in Latin America

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 104085
Author(s):  
Paula Meli ◽  
Alicia Calle ◽  
Zoraida Calle ◽  
Claudia I. Ortiz-Arrona ◽  
Martín Sirombra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up

scholarly journals ¿Es el ecoturismo una fuente Inagotable de riqueza? Recomendaciones para Su sostenibilidad (Is ecotourism an inexhaustible source of wealth? Recommendations for its sustainability)

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Conrado Carrascosa López ◽  
Marival Segarra Oña
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Environmental Awareness ◽  
Natural Heritage ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
America Latina

<p>El ecoturismo se puede definir como aquel turismo que se fundamenta en la naturaleza y su protección. Supone una pequeña porción del turismo, aunque ha tenido un gran desarrollo recientemente y su auge está íntimamente asociado a una progresiva concienciación medioambiental generalizada. Costa Rica tiene una herencia natural y una biodiversidad exuberante, su principal fuente de riqueza es el turismo y es, además, pionero en el desarrollo del ecoturismo desde hace más de treinta años. Es interesante aprender desde la propia experiencia y echar la vista atrás para comprobar cómo ha sido este desarrollo y qué aspectos pueden mejorarse. Desde su nacimiento en Costa Rica, han aparecido ciertos aspectos necesarios de corregir para que no se agote dicho modelo. En este artículo se plantea la pregunta de si el ecoturismo es inagotable y se darán razones al respecto en las líneas siguientes. Para ello se hace una revisión de la literatura académica sobre ecoturismo, se estudian múltiples proyectos ecoturísticos en Costa Rica y en otros lugares de América Latina para conocer cuál es su estado actual, sus principales preocupaciones y dificultades, para así poder concluir con algunas recomendaciones para que se pueda mejorar la sostenibilidad del ecoturismo.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong></p><p>Ecotourism can be defined as tourism based on nature and its protection. It represents a small share of tourism but has made great progress recently.</p><p>This progress is closely associated with a progressive generalized environmental awareness. Costa Rica has an exuberant natural heritage and biodiversity, its main source of income is tourism, and has been a pioneer in the development of ecotourism for over thirty years. It is important to review this development to see what aspects can be improved.</p><p>Since its birth in Costa Rica, there are certain aspects that must be corrected to prevent to exhaust this model. In this article, the question of whether ecotourism is inexhaustible will be answered; several reasons are given in the following lines. A deep review of the academic literature on ecotourism has been done, multiple ecotourism projects have been studied in Costa Rica and elsewhere in Latin America to know about their recent status, and their main concerns and difficulties. This paper concludes with some recommendations to improve ecotourism’s sustainability.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>

Investigating Electronic Health Record Downtimes: A Scoping Review of Literature and News Media (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan Larsen ◽  
Arjun Rao ◽  
Farzan Sasangohar
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Health Record ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
News Media ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Health Record ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Electronic Health

BACKGROUND Electronic Health Record Systems have become ubiquitous in the delivery of patient care. While the implementation has brought safety and efficiency boosts to the industry, it has also exposed patients and their data to new risks in the form of downtime. Downtimes are any period where the computer systems are unavailable and these periods occur for updates or upgrades, but can also be triggered by deliberate cyber-attack. During an unexpected downtime, healthcare workers are forced to fall back to rarely practiced paper-based methods for healthcare delivery, while at the same time, patient data is potentially exposed to parties seeking to profit from its sale. OBJECTIVE We sought to provide a foundational perspective of the current state of downtime readiness in light of the growing cyber-attack threat on healthcare data and hospital networks. METHODS A search of technical news media related to healthcare informatics and a scoping review of research literature were conducted. Following the ENTEREQ framework, 1,651 records were retrieved, of which 16 were included in the final review. RESULTS 164 US-based hospitals experienced a total of 670 days of downtime in 41 events between 2012 and 2018. Almost half (48.8%) of the published downtime events involved some form of cyber-attack. 1,651 studies matching downtime search strings were found, 16 of which were found to meet inclusion criteria. Few research studies have a downtime emphasis; those that do are predominantly focused on a top-down approach. They were found to have a range of focus from the theoretical exploration of downtime to direct empirical comparison of downtime versus normal operation. CONCLUSIONS Downtime contingency planning is still predominantly considered in abstract or top-down organizational focus. It is proposed that a bottom-up approach to comprehending and addressing downtime will be beneficial due to the complicated nature of patient care and computer downtime events. A bottom-up approach would involve the front-line clinical staff responsible for executing the downtime procedure and directly caring for the patients. EHR downtime events will continue to be a complication to hospital and healthcare operations. Significant new research support for the development of contingency plans will be needed as the cyber-attack threat continues to grow.

scholarly journals Mental health Apps to address inequitable access to care in specific regions of the global North and South: A scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-190
Author(s):  
Raneeshan Rasendran ◽  
Farah Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Access To Care ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Cultural Sensitivity ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Global South ◽  
Mental Health Stigma ◽  
Global North ◽  
North And South

Introduction: There is a recent growth in the development of mental health applications (MHAPPs) to reduce stigma, improve knowledge and facilitate access to care especially in the area of common mood disorders. Yet, it remains unclear whether such interventions can address the access to care gap equitably in the global North and South. Such understanding could provide insights for mental health innovations during the COVID-19 pandemic as well. Methods: Using Arksey and O’Malley’s methodical framework, a scoping review was conducted on academic and grey literature published during 2015 and 2019. The countries of India and China were selected as exemplar for the global South and Canada and US for the global North. The reviewed literature was synthesized through thematic analysis and employed the social determinants of health lens.  Results: 20 articles were selected for full-text review. The results reveal that MHAPPs for depression and anxiety are efficacious in improving symptoms across the examined regions. Outcome scores (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, flourishing scale, social interaction anxiety scale) improved in 13 studies. Yet, public awareness in the global North and logistical barriers (mental health stigma/discrimination, financial and social challenges, usability of apps, and cultural barriers to self-care) in the global South inhibit uptake. Conclusion: Awareness of MHAPPs and logistical barriers must be addressed to make MHAPPs more accessible. Policy makers should be cautious in implementing MHAPPs in disadvantaged communities given several challenges. A broader policy level emphasis is needed to address the logistical capabilities and cultural sensitivity of MHAPPs. The findings are also discussed in relation to the digital innovations for mental health in the pandemic. Given the focus of the presented review on specific regions, the transferability of findings warrant caution.

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