scholarly journals TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF BIOGAS PRODUCTION AT A SMALL AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISE WITH MODELING OF THE OPTIMAL DISTRIBUTION OF ENERGY RESOURCES FOR PROFITS MAXIMIZATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-349
Author(s):  
D.M. Tokarchuk ◽  
N.V. Pryshliak ◽  
O.A. Tokarchuk ◽  
K.V. Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Energy Products ◽  
The Cost

The use of biogas is one of the ways to supplement and partially replace traditional fuels in rural areas. The feasibility of farms’ energy supply from their own energy source and the need to reduce harmful emissions into the environment make the biogas plant an indispensable element of modern livestock complexes. The article considers the possibility of using biogas for energy supply of an agricultural enterprise. The schemes and design capabilities of biogas plant for small and medium size farms are considered. The list and volume of products that can be obtained from the operation of the biogas plant have been determined. Economic indicators of the use of animal manure for biogas production have been determined. A comparison of the cost-effectiveness of using biogas energy products has been conducted.

scholarly journals Justification of Parameters of the Energy Supply System of Agricultural Enterprises with Using Wind Power Installations

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 06001
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Tryhuba ◽  
Oleg Bashynsky ◽  
Taras Hutsol ◽  
Anna Rozkosz ◽  
Olha Prokopova
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Computer Experiments ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Energy Supply System ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Power Installations

The methodology is proposed and the simulation model of functioning of the energy supply system of agricultural enterprises using wind power installations is developed, which enables to solve the problem of justification of the parameters of the relevant system. The model of the energy supply system of an agricultural enterprise using wind power is developed, which is based on the method of stochastic simulation and provides justification of the parameters of this system by the cost criterion. On the basis of passive production experiments, the study of the natural-industrial conditions of energy supply of agricultural enterprises using the wind power installations for the conditions of Zhovkva district of Lviv region was performed. Computer experiments were carried out using the developed simulation model of functioning of the energy supply system of agricultural enterprises using wind power installations. On the example of the natural and production conditions of Zhovkva district of Lviv region, system functional indicators of the energy supply system of agricultural enterprises with the use of wind power installations are established. The tendencies of change in the cost of utilized energy for changes in parameters of the energy supply system of an agricultural enterprise using wind energy and the share of its replacement are justified.

scholarly journals Study of The Amount of Produced Animal Manure and Biogas Potential in a 5, 20 and 40 km Zone around Debrecen

2006 ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
János Szendrei ◽  
Gábor Grasseli
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
Agricultural Census ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Decentralized Energy ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Supply Systems

The guiding principle for our research is that decentralized energy supply systems should be located near local consumers. One big, local market for energy from biogas plants in Hajdú-Bihar county is Debrecen. In the course of the investigation of biomass suitable for biogas production in the area of Debrecen, this study determines the quantity of biogas producible from animal manure. Municipalities around Debrecen were examined in circles with 40, 20 and 5 km radius. Livestock data of these settlements stem from the Agricultural Census in year 2000, actualized by the county trend of livestock changes. Manure quantity and biogas potential in these places are estimated with coefficients from the literature and our calculations. In the largest circle, about 1.4 million tons of manure is produced, from which round 94 million m3 biogas can be produced. Biomass produced in the settlements and producible biogas shows a remarkable trend of concentration, which supports our recommendation on the system of energy supply.

scholarly journals Impact of Community Biogas Plant Implemented by Rural Development Academy in Rural Areas of Bogura, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Noor Muhammad ◽  
Liza Bosak ◽  
Samir Kumar Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Biomass Fuels ◽  
Societal Problems ◽  
The Impact

This paper determined the impact of community biogas plant implemented by rural development academy in rural areas of Bogura, Bangladesh. Data were collected by structured questionnaire having open and closed form questions. Researchers collected data with the help of BCS health care foundation trainees from the selected 68 families who were the direct beneficiaries of community biogas plant. Focus group discussion and information from union parishad were also taken into consideration. The research found that biogas plant is useful to produce a renewable, high-quality fuel i.e. biogas which is using as a alternative of biomass fuels (firewood and dried dung) for meeting energy utilization demands. In the past fuel demand was fulfilled by deforestation and land degradation which results in different health and societal problems and also cause excessive emission of greenhouse gases. Biogas is used for cooking, lighting, heating and feedstock etc while slurry of biogas increases soil fertility and taste of foods. Number of cattle also increases for biogas plants. The biogas production derives from various agricultural resources, such as manure and harvest remains enormously available. Biogas technology represents a sustainable way to produce energy for household, particularly in developing countries. It can be cost-effective and environment friendly technology for the people in rural areas. So, Biogas can be a best substitute of biomass fuels for use in rural areas.

scholarly journals A Static Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Off-Grid Supply

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto Montisci ◽  
Marco Caredda
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy System ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
Food Market ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Autonomy

The electrification of rural areas of the planet has become one of the greatest challenges for sustainability. In fact, it would be the key to guaranteeing development for the poorest of the planet, but from which most of the raw material for the food market derives. The paradigm of centralized production is not applicable in these territories, because the distribution network would involve unjustifiable costs. For this reason, studies have multiplied to ensure the energy supply, especially electricity, of off-grid utilities, to guarantee energy autonomy while reducing the dependence on specialist assistance for the management of the system. In this work, a hybrid system (HRES) is proposed that combines the exploitation of solar energy with that of the wind through the use of static devices, in order to improve the system's availability and limit the cost of operation and maintenance.

scholarly journals A Static Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Off-Grid Supply

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9744
Author(s):  
Augusto Montisci ◽  
Marco Caredda
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy System ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Food Market ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Hybrid Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Autonomy

The electrification of the rural areas of the planet has become one of the greatest challenges for sustainability. In fact, it would be the key to guaranteeing development for the poorest areas of the planet from which most of the raw material for the food market derives. The paradigm of centralized production is not applicable in these territories, because the distribution network would involve unjustifiable costs. For this reason, many studies have been carried out to ensure that the energy supply (specifically electricity) for off-grid utilities is maintained, in order to guarantee energy autonomy while reducing dependence on specialist assistance for the management of the system. In this work, a hybrid system (HRES) is proposed that combines the exploitation of solar radiation, wind power, and biomass using static devices, in order to improve the system’s availability and limit the cost of operation and maintenance. The aim of the study is to define promising lines of research, which can improve the sustainability of renewable harvesting systems to supply off-grids users.

scholarly journals Efficiency of digestat of biogas plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
V. M. Polishchuk ◽  
◽  
D. A. Derevianko ◽  
S. A. Shvorov ◽  
Ye. O. Dvornik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

It has been established that the digestate of biogas plants is a valuable organic fertilizer that is quickly absorbed by plants, contains a complex of macro- and microelements necessary for plant growth, has a high content of readily available nitrogen for plants, has a pH level close to neutral and does not contain viable weed seeds and pathogens. microflora. It is technically difficult to make untreated digestate into the soil, so it is predivided into solid and liquid fractions on separators. A major problem with the commercial use of digestate in Ukraine is the lack of its standardization. When applying digestate to the company's own fields, which owns the biogas plant, the standardization of its quality is not critical. However, the lack of a standard for digestate as a high-quality organic fertilizer significantly limits its use. The needs for digestate were determined to restore soil fertility and fertilize crops in and with a herd of 1,000 cattle (500 heads of dairy cows and 500 heads of young cattle and heifers) and with an arable land area of 1,800 hectares. It is established that only one ton of digestate remains for commercial use after application to the fields, the profit from the sale of which does not significantly affect the profitability of biogas production. The payback period of the biogas plant is 6.4 years and depends on the cost of biogas production. With the commercial use of all digestate produced during the year, the payback period of the biogas plant is reduced to one year and below and does not depend on the cost of biogas production, and the impact of the "green" tariff on the payback period of the biogas plant is leveled.

The Experience in Organizing and Conducting the Analysis of Data on Nutrition of School-Aged Children in the Sverdlovsk Region within the Federal Public Health Promotion Project

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
NA Moiseeva ◽  
IL Kholstinina ◽  
MF Knyazeva ◽  
TV Mazhaeva ◽  
OL Malykh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
School Meals ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Public Health Promotion

Introduction: Implementation of the Federal Public Health Promotion Project should raise awareness and develop skills of healthy nutrition in children, thus contributing to disease prevention. Our objective was to evaluate the results of pilot nutrition monitoring in school-aged children of the Sverdlovsk Region as part of the Federal Public Health Promotion Project and the National Demography Project. Results: We established that school meals were generally satisfactory: the rations complied with physiological needs of children in terms of their nutritional value, basic nutrients, energy, and distribution of calories by main meals. We noted differences in the cost and nutritional value of meals and the variety of dishes and foodstuffs used between urban and rural areas. As a rule, pupils have one or two school meals a day. Outside of school, their consumption of dairy products and fruit is limited. Conclusions: Our findings may promote the elaboration of municipal programs aimed, inter alia, at changing the amount of sugar and salt used in the manufacture of public catering products, the cost of dishes with a high content of sugar, saturated fats, and salt, and subsidies on healthy nutrition.

Biogas Production Using Anaerobic Digestion of Industrial Waste

2016 ◽  
Vol 832 ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Ján Gaduš ◽  
Tomáš Giertl ◽  
Viera Kažimírová
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Biogas Plant ◽  
Parallel Operation ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Biochemical Conversion ◽  
Mixed Biomass ◽  
Economic Balance

In the paper experiments and theory of biogas production using industrial waste from paper production as a co-substrate are described. The main aim of the experiments was to evaluate the sensitivity and applicability of the biochemical conversion using the anaerobic digestion of the mixed biomass in the pilot fermentor (5 m3), where the mesophillic temperature was maintained. It was in parallel operation with a large scale fermentor (100 m3). The research was carried out at the biogas plant in Kolíňany, which is a demonstration facility of the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. The experiments proved that the waste arising from the paper production can be used in case of its appropriate dosing as an input substrate for biogas production, and thus it can improve the economic balance of the biogas plant.

scholarly journals Urban Sustainability at the Cost of Rural Unsustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5466
Author(s):  
Guangwei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Rural Sustainability ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The Cost ◽  
New Framework ◽  
Japan And China

Urban sustainability refers to building and maintaining cities that can continue to function without running out of resources. However, growing cities require more land and urban sprawl has transformed surrounding rural areas into urbanized settlements. Furthermore, the prosperity of large cities depends on the supply of both natural and human resources from rural areas, either nearby or remote. On the other hand, the use of resources of rural areas by cities may cause negative externalities to rural areas, affecting their sustainability. Therefore, a critical, but very much neglected issue, is how unban sustainability should be pursued without affecting rural sustainability. In this study, cases in Japan and China were analyzed from resources and population migration perspectives to provide evidence for the possibility that urban sustainability might have been pursued at the cost of rural unsustainability. It was intended to develop a better understanding of urban sustainability through the lens of externalities. Based on the analysis, a new framework for urban sustainability study was proposed, which consists of three new pillars. Namely, externality, vulnerability, and population instability.

scholarly journals Development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks delivering early defibrillation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) in areas lacking timely access to emergency medical services (EMS) in Germany: a comparative economic study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e043791
Author(s):  
Jan Bauer ◽  
Dieter Moormann ◽  
Reinhard Strametz ◽  
David A Groneberg
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Emergency Medical Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Timely Access ◽  
The Cost

ObjectivesThis study wants to assess the cost-effectiveness of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) equipped with automated external defibrillators (AED) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA). Especially in rural areas with longer response times of emergency medical services (EMS) early lay defibrillation could lead to a significant higher survival in OHCA.Participants3296 emergency medical stations in Germany.SettingRural areas in Germany.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThree UAV networks providing 80%, 90% or 100% coverage for rural areas lacking timely access to EMS (ie, time-to-defibrillation: >10 min) were developed using a location allocation analysis. For each UAV network, primary outcome was the cost-effectiveness using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) calculated by the ratio of financial costs to additional life years gained compared with current EMS.ResultsCurrent EMS with 3926 emergency stations was able to gain 1224 life years on annual average in the study area. The UAV network providing 100% coverage consisted of 1933 UAV with average annual costs of €43.5 million and 1845 additional life years gained on annual average (ICER: €23 568). The UAV network providing 90% coverage consisted of 1074 UAV with average annual costs of €24.2 million and 1661 additional life years gained on annual average (ICER: €14 548). The UAV network providing 80% coverage consisted of 798 UAV with average annual costs of €18.0 million and 1477 additional life years gained on annual average (ICER: €12 158).ConclusionThese results reveal the relevant life-saving potential of all modelled UAV networks. Furthermore, all analysed UAV networks could be deemed cost-effective. However, real-life applications are needed to validate the findings.

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