scholarly journals Hydrochemical Characterization of Nabeghlavi Underground Mineral Waters

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Akaki Maghlakelidze ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Stable Regime ◽  
Chemical Composition Of Water ◽  
Historic Data ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Drill Holes

Georgia is rich in groundwater deposits, which renew over time and are characterized by the best indicators of water quality and a stable regime. Groundwater is one of the main natural productive forces of Georgia, which plays an important role in the economic development and export industry. During 2015–2020, chemical composition of the Nabeghlavi mineral waters has been studied by the means of the modern unified methods. Almost all data from previous chemical analyzes have also been retrieved and systematized/collated. Using mathematical statistical analysis, the maximum, minimum, and mean arithmetic values of the major and specific components of water and the empirical deviation from the arithmetic mean have been calculated. Though comparison of the recent and historic data on chemical composition, based on the results of statistical analysis of the major ions, the natural fluctuation limits of the waters and stability of waters from all exploitation drill holes have been shown. According to the chemical composition and total mineralization there are three groups of waters in fresh and low mineralized category. It is shown that chemical composition of water from all exploitation drill holes meets requirements for the natural mineral water category, both the normative document of Georgia and directive of the European Commission.

scholarly journals An Overview of Hydrogeological Works at Nabeghlavi Mineral Water Deposit and Replenishment of the Natural Resources of the Deposit by Atmospheric Precipitation

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Akaki Maghlakelidze ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Historic Data ◽  
Drill Holes

Mineral waters are very important resources of the country. Their moderate consumption and protection is possible through sustainable and efficient management. The paper presents an overview of hydrogeological works carried out on the Nabeghlavi carbonic mineral water deposit. Information on calculation of the natural resource replenishment coefficient with atmospheric precipitation based on the hydrogeological and meteorological data and characterization of geological-technical condition of exploitation drill holes is described. Coefficient of replenishment of the Nabeghlavi mineral water resources with infiltrated atmospheric precipitation has been determined by Darcy’s method. According to the reference historic data, back in 1986, the magnitude of the coefficient was 25,307 m3/ day, whereas in 2000-2020 it has equated 28,125 m3/day. Conventional average of these values made 26,715 m3/day, which is 90 times higher than the current approved operating reserve (296 m3/day) of the deposit.

scholarly journals Chemical characterization of rainwater at Akkalkuwa, India

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-432
Author(s):  
P.R. SALVE ◽  
T. GOBRE ◽  
R.J. KRUPADAM ◽  
S. SHASTRY ◽  
A. BANSIWAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Southwest Monsoon ◽  
Neutralization Factor ◽  
Major Anions ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Cloud Process

The chemical composition of rainwater changes from place to place and region to region under the influence of several major factors, viz., topography, its distance from sea and overall rainfall pattern. The present study investigated the chemical composition of precipitation at Akkalkuwa, district Nandurbar, in the State Maharashtra during southwest monsoon. The rainwater samples were collected on event basis during June-September 2008 and were analyzed for pH, major anions (F, Cl, NO3, SO4) and cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K, NH4). The pH varied from 6.0 and 6.8 with an average of 6.29 ± 0.23 indicating alkaline nature and dominance of Ca in precipitation. The relative magnitude of major ions in precipitation follows the pattern as Ca>Cl>Na>SO4>NO3>HCO3>NH4>Mg>K>F>H. The Neutralization factor (NF) was found to be NFCa = 0.95, NFNH4 = 0.31, NFMg = 0.27 and NFK = 0.08 indicating below cloud process in which crustal components are responsible for neutralization of anions. Significant correlation of NH4 with SO4 and NO3 was observed with correlation coefficient of r = 0.79 and 0.75, respectively.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of organic aerosol in the Himalayas: insight from ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1115-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanqing An ◽  
Jianzhong Xu ◽  
Lin Feng ◽  
Xinghua Zhang ◽  
Yanmei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ion Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Chemical Composition Of Water ◽  
High Fraction ◽  
Molecular Number

Abstract. An increased trend in aerosol concentration has been observed in the Himalayas in recent years, but the understanding of the chemical composition and sources of aerosol remains poorly understood. In this study, molecular chemical composition of water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) from two filter samples collected during two high aerosol loading periods (denoted as P1 and P2) at a high-altitude station (Qomolangma Station, QOMS; 4276 m a.s.l.) in the northern Himalayas was identified using electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR MS). More than 4000 molecular formulas were identified in each filter sample which were classified into two compound groups (CHO and CHON) based on their elemental composition, with both accounting for nearly equal contributions in number (45 %–55 %). The relative abundance weighted mole ratio of O∕Cw for P1 and P2 was 0.43 and 0.39, respectively, and the weighted double bond equivalents (DBEw), an index for the saturation of organic molecules, were 7.12 and 7.87, respectively. Although the O∕Cw mole ratio was comparable for CHO and CHON compounds, the DBEw was significantly higher in CHON compounds than CHO compounds. More than 50 % molecular formulas in the Van Krevelen (VK) diagram (H∕C vs. O∕C) were located in 1–1.5 (H∕C) and 0.2–0.6 (O∕C) regions, suggesting potential lignin-like compounds. The distributions of CHO and CHON compounds in the VK diagram, DBE vs. number of C atoms, and other diagnostic diagrams showed high similarities among each other, suggesting their similar source and/or atmospheric processes. Many formulas formed from biogenic volatile organic compounds (e.g., ozonolysis of α-pinene products) and biomass-burning-emitted compounds (e.g., phenolic compounds) were found in the WSOM, suggesting the important contribution of these two sources in the Himalayas. The high DBE and high fraction of nitrogen-containing aerosol can potentially impact aerosol light absorption in this remote region. Further comprehensive study is needed due to the complexity of organic aerosol and limited molecular number identified in this study.

Development and Characterization of Beverages from Tigernut Milk, Pineapple and Coconut Fruit Extracts

2012 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 304-309
Author(s):  
Jimoh Abdulfatai ◽  
Abdulkareem Ambali Saka ◽  
Ayo Samuel Afolabi ◽  
Kadiri Diana
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Apple Juice ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
New Products ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Pineapple Juice ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Zero Growth

Two species of tigernut tuber (yellow and brown i.e. fresh and dried) were processed in different ways to formulate three new products, Product 1-Apple Tigernut Beverage (ATB), Product 2-Pineapple Tigernut Beverage (PTB) and Product 3-Coconut Tiger nut Beverage (CTB). ATB, PTB and CTB were blends of Apple juice, Pineapple juice and Coconut milk with the Tiger nut milk (yellow and brown mixed separately) by substitution at ratio (YTM:AJ, BTM:AJ) (YTM:PJ, BTM:PJ) (YTM:CJ, BTM:CJ) 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 20:80 and 0:100. These samples were evaluated for their chemical composition, physiochemical properties, vitamins, mineral content, sensory and shell life and the samples maintained a good statue. Statistical analysis was carried out in chemical composition of which the result significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) existed between yellow tiger nut milk brown tiger nut milk at 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 20:80 but sample 0:100 of AJ, PJ and CJ were not significantly difference (P > 0.05). From the chemical composition results it was observed that the beverages had high content of moisture, carbohydrate and energy value. However, the beverages were fairly rich in protein, ash and fat contents. The microbial result of fungi was a bit at variance with standard record. Although, all samples were highly accepted but coconut tigernut beverage had the highest acceptability. Microbial content ranged from zero growth to 103cfu/ml which was not critical to the wholesomeness of the products. Furthermore, samples were stored in an air tight container in a cool place and were seen to last for 10 days before fermentation set in, hence, the presence of CO2increased their shell life.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of organic aerosol in Himalayas: insight from ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanqing An ◽  
Jianzhong Xu ◽  
Lin Feng ◽  
Xinhua Zhang ◽  
Yanmei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ion Cyclotron Resonance ◽  
Chemical Composition Of Water ◽  
Molecular Information ◽  
The Common

Abstract. An increasing trend in aerosol concentration has been observed in Himalayas in recent years, but the understanding of the chemical composition and sources of aerosol remains poor. In this study, molecular chemical composition of water soluble organic matter (WSOM) from two filter samples (denoted as F30 and F43) collected during high aerosol loading periods at a high altitude station (Qomolangma Station, QOMS, 4276 m a.s.l.) in the northern Himalayas were identified by positive electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR-MS). More than 4500 molecular formulas were identified in each filter sample which were classified into two compound groups (CHO and CHON) based on their elemental composition with both accounting for nearly equal contributions in number (45 %–55 %). The relative abundance weighted mole ratio of O / Cw for F30 and F43 are 0.43 and 0.38, respectively, and the weighted double bond equivalent (DBEw), an index for the saturation of organic molecules, were 6.26 and 6.92, respectively, suggesting their medium oxidation and saturation degrees. Although the O / Cw mole ratio was comparable for CHO and CHON compounds, the DBEw was significant higher in CHON compounds than CHO compounds. More than 50 % molecular formulas in Van Krevelen (VK) diagram (H / C vs. O / C) located in 1–1.5 (H / C) and 0.2–0.6 (O / C) regions, suggesting potential lignin-like compounds. The distributions of CHO and CHON compounds in VK diagram, DBE vs. number of C atoms, and other diagnose diagrams showed highly similarities between each other suggesting their similar source and/or atmospheric processes. Detailed molecular information in the common formula of these two filters was explored. Many formulas with their homologous series of compounds formed from biogenic volatile organic compounds and biomass mass burning emitted compounds were found in the WSOM with high relative abundance suggesting the important contribution of these two sources in Himalayas. The high DBE and high nitrogen containing of aerosol would have important implication for aerosol light absorption and biogeochemical cycle in this remote region.

scholarly journals The Basic Chemical Composition and Organic Matter Content in the Mineral Waters of the Shadrinsk Field

2013 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Permanganate Oxidation ◽  
Medicinal Waters

The paper presents main results of studying the chemical composition, organic matter content in carbonic mineral waters of 8 wells of Shadrinsk deposits for the period 2005–2012. Organic matter is analyzed by 3 methods: permanganate oxidation, dichromate oxidability (COD), instrumentally analyzer TOC-L CPN (C org). The monitoring results showed that the salinity, content of the major ions, permanganate oxidation, organic carbon in explored mineral waters met the standards set for mineral drinking medicinal waters of Shadrinsk field.

The Evolution Process of the Ancient Chinese Yaozhou Porcelain

1996 ◽  
Vol 462 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Leung ◽  
Luo Hongjie ◽  
Li Jiazhi ◽  
Michael J. Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Song Dynasty ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Batch Composition ◽  
Evolution Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Song Dynasty ◽  
The Ancient Chinese ◽  
Almost All

ABSTRACTThe chemical composition (body and glaze) of over thirty Yaozhou porcelain fragments are determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. Statistical analysis of these results combined with data already published indicate that the full evolution process of Yaozhou porcelain can be divided into four stages. Each stage exhibits a characteristic composition determined by the raw materials and batch composition used to produce the porcelain bodies and glazes. Almost all of Yaozhou celadon and white ware glazes belong predominantly to the CaO-type glaze (or lime glaze), but the glazes of the Song Dynasty (A.D. 960–1280) and later periods have higher K2O content and less CaO than the earlier periods.

A Thorough Theoretical Exploration of Intriguing Characteristics of Cyclo[18]carbon: Geometry, Bonding Nature, Aromaticity, Weak Interaction, Reactivity, Excited States, Vibrations, Molecular Dynamics and Various Molecular Properties

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Lu ◽  
Qinxue Chen ◽  
Zeyu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Excited States ◽  
Electronic Excitation ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Molecular Properties ◽  
Molecular Vibration ◽  
Full Characterization ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Almost All

Although cyclo[18]carbon has been theoretically and experimentally investigated since long time ago, only very recently it was prepared and directly observed by means of STM/AFM in condensed phase (Kaiser et al., <i>Science</i>, <b>365</b>, 1299 (2019)). The unique ring structure and dual 18-center π delocalization feature bring a variety of unusual characteristics and properties to the cyclo[18]carbon, which are quite worth to be explored. In this work, we present an extremely comprehensive and detailed investigation on almost all aspects of the cyclo[18]carbon, including (1) Geometric characteristics (2) Bonding nature (3) Electron delocalization and aromaticity (4) Intermolecular interaction (5) Reactivity (6) Electronic excitation and UV/Vis spectrum (7) Molecular vibration and IR/Raman spectrum (8) Molecular dynamics (9) Response to external field (10) Electron ionization, affinity and accompanied process (11) Various molecular properties. We believe that our full characterization of the cyclo[18]carbon will greatly deepen researchers' understanding of this system, and thereby help them to utilize it in practice and design its various valuable derivatives.

A Thorough Theoretical Exploration of Intriguing Characteristics of Cyclo[18]carbon: Geometry, Bonding Nature, Aromaticity, Weak Interaction, Reactivity, Excited States, Vibrations, Molecular Dynamics and Various Molecular Properties

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Lu ◽  
Qinxue Chen ◽  
Zeyu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Excited States ◽  
Electronic Excitation ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Molecular Properties ◽  
Molecular Vibration ◽  
Full Characterization ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Almost All

Although cyclo[18]carbon has been theoretically and experimentally investigated since long time ago, only very recently it was prepared and directly observed by means of STM/AFM in condensed phase (Kaiser et al., <i>Science</i>, <b>365</b>, 1299 (2019)). The unique ring structure and dual 18-center π delocalization feature bring a variety of unusual characteristics and properties to the cyclo[18]carbon, which are quite worth to be explored. In this work, we present an extremely comprehensive and detailed investigation on almost all aspects of the cyclo[18]carbon, including (1) Geometric characteristics (2) Bonding nature (3) Electron delocalization and aromaticity (4) Intermolecular interaction (5) Reactivity (6) Electronic excitation and UV/Vis spectrum (7) Molecular vibration and IR/Raman spectrum (8) Molecular dynamics (9) Response to external field (10) Electron ionization, affinity and accompanied process (11) Various molecular properties. We believe that our full characterization of the cyclo[18]carbon will greatly deepen researchers' understanding of this system, and thereby help them to utilize it in practice and design its various valuable derivatives.

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